Pengaruh Tekanan Pada Briket Arang Alaban Ukuran Partikel Kecil

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Ninis Hadi Haryanti, Henry Wardhana, Suryajaya
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Wood Charcoal ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Made In

Abstrak – Pada umumnya ukuran partikel yang digunakan dalam pembuatan briket bervariasi antara 12 -100 mesh. Pada penelitian ini, ukuran partikel yang digunakan adalah 250 mesh (59,4 µm). Dilakukan kajian analisis proksimat briket terhadap variasi tekanan pencetakan. Briket dibuat dari campuran limbah industri arang kayu alaban dan abu dasar batubara. Kedua bahan dalam bentuk serbuk yang lolos pada saringan 250 mesh.Ukuran partikel yang lebih kecil diharapkan menghasilkan briket yang lebih baik dan tidak  rapuh serta dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif untuk rumah tangga maupun industri dan penggunaan bahan limbah diharapkan membantu pemecahan permasalahan lingkungan. Variasi tekanan yang digunakan adalah 150, 200, 250, 300, dan 350 kg/cm2. Komposisi campuran limbah arang kayu alaban dan abu dasar batubara dengan rasio 90%:10%, sedangkan perekat tepung kanji 5%. Briket dibuat dalam bentuk silinder berukuran 2 × 2 cm. Briket yang sudah dicetak dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 120°C selama 4 jam dan didinginkan pada suhu ruang selama 24 jam. Dari hasil uji didapatkan Kadar Air (3,831-5,892) %; Kadar Abu (7,178-10,507) %; Nilai Kalori (5607,467-5732,033) cal/g; Densitas (0,688-0,769) g/cm3; dan Porositas (46,025-47,592) %. Berdasarkan hasil uji, dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi nilai tekanan, kadar air, kadar abu, dan porositas akan menurun, sedangkan nilai kalori mencapai nilai tertinggi pada tekanan 200 kg/cm2 kemudian cenderung mengalami penurunan. Direkomendasikan tekanan yang diberikan pada saat pembuatan briket adalah 200 kg/cm2.Kata kunci: abu dasar batubara, arang kayu alaban, briket, tekanan pencetakan, ukuran partikelAbstract – In general, the particle size used in making briquettes were varied in the range of 12 -100 mesh. In this study, the particle size used was 250 meshs (59.4 µm). The effect of press variations to proximate analysis of briquette will be conducted. Briquette was made from a mixture of alaban wood charcoal industrial waste and coal bottom ash. Both materials were crushed in the form of powder passing 250 meshs sieve. The smaller particle size is expected to produce better and less brittle briquettes and could be used as alternative fuels for households and industries, while the use of waste materials is expected to help solve environmental problems. Pressure variations used were 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 kg/cm2. The composition of the mixture of alaban wood charcoal waste and coal bottom ash wasin ratio 90%: 10%, while starch adhesive of 5% was added. Briquettes were made in the form of cylinders (2 × 2 cm in size). Briquettes were dried in an oven at 120°C for 4 hours and cooled at room temperature for 24 hours. The results obtained were Moisture Content (3,831-5,892)%; Ash Content (7,178-10,507)%; Heating Value (5607,467-5732,033) cal / g; Density (0.688-0.769) g/cm3; and Porosity (46,025-47,592)%. Based on the results, it could be concluded that as the pressure increased, water content, ash content, and porosity were decreased. The calorie value reaches the highest value at a pressure of 200 kg/cm2 then tends to decrease. It is recommended that the pressure applied at the time of briquette making is 200 kg/cm2.Key words: coal bottom ash, alaban charcoal, briquettes, pressure, particle size

scholarly journals Briquettes from Biomass Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 2104 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
N H Haryanti ◽  
Suryajaya ◽  
H Wardhana ◽  
S Husain ◽  
R Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Wood Charcoal ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash

Abstract This research made three kinds of briquettes from various biomass waste, including alaban wood charcoal and rubber seed shells mixed with coal bottom ash and coal fly ash. The purpose of the study was to obtain the characteristics and quality of briquette combustion. Making briquettes is by drying, grinding, and sifting raw materials then mixed with adhesive, printing and drying. Briquettes were made with variations in composition and pressure and the particle size of the material passing through the 50 and 250 mesh sieves. Briquettes produced from alaban wood charcoal and coal bottom ash, or fly ash, obtained more bottom ash or fly ash composition characteristics. The moisture content and calorific value would be lower while the ash content was higher. While the initial ignition time, the combustion duration is getting longer, but the burning rate would decrease. Briquettes made from rubber seed shells and coal bottom ash obtained variations in composition and pressure that affect the characteristics and quality of combustion. The higher the rubber seed shell composition and pressure, the lower the water and ash content, but the calorific value increased.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF COAL BOTTOM ASH AS BRIQUETTE MATERIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Ninis Hadi Haryanti ◽  
Suryajaya Suryajaya ◽  
Henry Wardhana ◽  
Rijali Noor
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Wood Charcoal ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Tapioca Flour

Research has been carried out on the use of coal bottom ash as a material for making briquettes as an alternative fuel. Carbonized of rubber seed shells and Halaban wood were used as mixtures and tapioca flour as adhesives. The composition used in making Halaban wood charcoal and coal bottom ash briquettes is 100%: 0%, 90%: 10%, 80%: 20% and 70%: 30%. Tapioca flour used was as much as 5%, the pressure of 150 kg/cm2 and the size of 250 meshes. While for rubber seed shell and coal bottom ash briquettes, the composition used was with ratio 60%: 40% and 70%: 30%; the pressure used was 100, 150 and 200 kg/cm2 and the size of 50 meshes. Tapioca flour used was as much as 5%. The results of the characterization of rubber seed shell and coal bottom ash briquettes were water content (4.35 - 10.65)%, ash content (12.53 - 17.26)%, and calorific value (3,597.59 - 4,549.88) cal/g. While the characterization results of Halaban wood charcoal and coal bottom ash briquettes were water content (2.947 – 4.097)%, ash content (0.383 – 26.667)%, and calorific value (4,749-6,621) cal/g. The results showed that if coal bottom ash in the composition were higher, it would increase the water content and ash content of the briquettes, while the calorific value would be lower. The recommended composition of coal bottom ash was about 10-20 %. While if the briquettes pressure was higher, the water content, ash content and calorific value would be smaller. The recommended pressure was 150 kg /cm2.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE BIOMASSAS PARA A BRIQUETAGEM

FLORESTA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Aleixo Silva ◽  
Gabriela Tami Nakashima ◽  
João Lúcio Barros ◽  
Alessandra Luzia Da Roz ◽  
Fabio Minoru Yamaji
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
High Heating

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a produção de briquetes feita a partir de quatro diferentes biomassas residuais. Foram utilizados os resíduos de serragem de Eucalyptus sp, serragem de Pinus sp, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) e palha de cana-de-açúcar. Os resíduos foram tratados para que obtivessem 12% de umidade e uma granulometria inferior a 1,70 mm. Foram produzidos 15 briquetes para cada um dos quatro tratamentos. A pressão utilizada foi de 1250 kgf.cm-2 durante 30 segundos. Os briquetes obtiveram densidades que oscilaram 0,88 a 1,11 g.cm-3. Isto representou uma faixa de 5 a 14 vezes a menos de ocupação de volume para uma mesma quantidade de massa. O poder calorifico foi de 19.180 J.kg-1 e 20.315 J.kg-1 para as serragens de eucalipto e pinus respectivamente. Para o bagaço e palha de cana os valores foram de 18.541 J.kg-1 e 15.628 J.kg-1. A palha da cana-de-açúcar apresentou um teor de cinzas de 12%. As expansões dos tratamentos oscilaram 4 a 9% e as resistências mecânicas variaram de 1,215 MPa à 0,270 MPa. Todos os briquetes se mostraram resistentes para um empilhamento superior a 10 m de altura. O procedimento adotado pode ajudar a diminuir o espaço de estocagem e de transporte. AbstractThis research aims to characterize the production of briquettes from four different biomasses. We used residues such as Eucalyptus sp sawdust, Pinus sp sawdust , sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.) and sugarcane straw. The residues were treated to obtain 12% moisture content and particle size less than 1.70 mm. We produced 15 briquettes for each treatment. The pressure used was 1250 kgf.cm-2 for 30 seconds. The briquettes obtained densities ranged from 0.88 to 1.11 g.cm-3. This represented a range of 5 to 14 times less volume occupancy for the same amount of mass. The high heating value (HHV) was 19,180 J.kg-1 and 20,315 J.kg-1 for eucalyptus and pine sawdust respectively. The HHV for the bagasse was 18,541 J.kg-1 and for straw was 15,628 J.kg-1. The straw presented an ash content of 12%. The expansions of the treatments ranged 4 to 9% and mechanical resistances ranging from 1,215 MPa to 0,270 MPa. All briquettes were resistant to a higher stacking to 10 m high. The methods can help to decrease the space of storage and transport.Keywords: Waste; biofuel; energy; compression; stacking.

Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Integrating Coal Bottom Ash as a Replacement of Fine Aggregates

2015 ◽  
Vol 1125 ◽  
pp. 370-376
Author(s):  
Ahmad Farhan Hamzah ◽  
Mohd Haziman Wan Ibrahim ◽  
Norwati Jamaluddin ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
Norul Ernida Zainal Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fresh Properties ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Segregation Index ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Slump Flow ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
The Stability

The influence of coal bottom ash on fresh properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) were presented in this paper. Self-compacting concrete mixtures were produced by 0.40 water/powder ratio and coal bottom ash as a replacement of fine aggregates in varying percentages of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. The fresh concretes were tested for the key workability belongings of self-compacting concrete such as passing and filling abilities and segregation resistance. The fresh properties were investigated by slump flow; T500 spread time, sieve segregation and L-box test. It was found that the slump flow decreased whereas the T500 spread time increased with higher coal bottom ash content. The L-box blocking ratios changed from 0.92 to 0.65 and were mostly showed satisfactory blocking ratio. The presence of coal bottom ash improved the stability of SCC mixture and the segregation index obtained from sieve test reduced with greater bottom ash content. It can be concluding that the filling and passing ability of SCC decreased when the amount of coal bottom ash content increased. In addition, the segregation resistance index decreased with higher coal bottom ash content.

scholarly journals Biochar produced from poultry litter waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e351101119704
Author(s):  
Moisés Edevaldo Pereira ◽  
Luciano Donizeti Varanda ◽  
Natália Rodrigues de Carvalho ◽  
Carlos Roberto Sette Jr ◽  
Franciane Andrade de Padua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Scanning Electron

Brazil generates substantial quantity of poultry litter waste because of its worldwide prominence in the production of broiler chickens. The volume of the poultry litter biomass generates considerable environmental impact. The objective was to characterize the biochar produced from poultry litter residue under different conditions with the aim of determining the best residence time and temperature. Poultry litter was collected after two batches of chicken breeding. Five treatments for biochar production were carried out at a temperature of 450 °C (defined by thermogravimetric analysis - TGA) and residence times of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6h. The biochar produced was assessed using proximate analysis, moisture content, gravimetric yield, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and HHV (higher heating value). The results revealed that the best conditions for biochar production was 450 °C (pyrolysis) and residence time of 0.5h, with 37.21% gravimetric yield. We concluded that the biochar produced in this study is recommended for soil application but was not suitable for energy purposes because of its high ash content (up to 33.66%) and low HHV (18,907 J g-1).

scholarly journals Capillary Characteristics and Applicability of Coal Bottom Ash as an Anti-Capillary Material for Coastal Constructions

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ngoc Truc ◽  
Nguyen Van Hoang ◽  
Do Ngoc Ha ◽  
Nguyen Thao Ly
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Saline Intrusion ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Capillary Characteristics ◽  
Suitable Group

Utilization of Coal bottom ash (CBA) as well as finding the solutions to prevent saline intrusion, meeting the needs of coastal infrastructure development have been considered by the authors of the article for a long time. In this study, the authors focused on analyzing capillary characteristics in order to find a suitable group of CBA particles, which can be applied in the design of foundations with the high ability in restricting or preventing the effects of salt in saline groundwater. The obtained results show that (1) The capillary height is inversely proportional to the particle size: the larger the particle, the smaller the capillary height and vice versa. The CBA group with a diameter of 2.0 - 5.0 mm has an average capillary height around 3.33 cm; a group of particles size of 1.0 - 2.0 mm is 7.16 cm; a group of particles size of 0.5 – 1.0 mm is 23.36 cm. Meanwhile, the group of particles size of 0.1 - 0.5 mm is 31.26 cm. (2) The capillary height is inversely proportional to the salt concentration in the capillary solution: the maximum capillary height exhibits with the lowest capillary solution salinity ~ 0.0 g/L, whereas it reaches minimum value when salinity approximate 33.0 g/L. Thus, CBA with the same particle size of gravel (diameter from 2.0 to 5.0 mm) is able to block capillary flow. This study forms the basis for the design solutions of anti-saline foundation, especially in the context of climate change and sea-level rise.

Effect of Fuel Properties on the Bottom Ash Generation Rate by a Laboratory Fluidized Bed Combustor

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Rozelle ◽  
Sarma V. Pisupati ◽  
Alan W. Scaroni
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Test System ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Inventory Level ◽  
Ash Removal

The fluidized bed combustion (FBC) process, used in power generation, can handle a variety of fuels. However, the range of fuels that can be accommodated by an FBC boiler system is affected by the ability of the fuel, sorbent, and ash-handling equipment to move the required solids through the boiler. Of specific interest is the bottom ash handling equipment, which must have sufficient capacity to remove ash from the system in order to maintain a constant bed inventory level, and must have sufficient capability to cool the ash well below the bed temperature. Quantification of a fuel’s bottom ash removal requirements can be useful for plant design. The effect of fuel properties, on the rate of bottom ash production in a laboratory FBC test system was examined. The work used coal products ranging in ash content from 20to40+wt.%. The system’s classification of solids by particle size into flyash and bottom ash was characterized using a partition curve. Fuel sizing was compared to the partition curve, and fuels were fractionated by particle size. Fuel fractions in the size range characteristic of bottom ash were further analyzed for distributions of ash content with respect to specific gravity, using float sink tests. The fuel fractions were then ashed in a fixed bed. In each case, the highest ash content fraction produced ash with the coarsest size consist (characteristic of bottom ash). The lower ash content fractions were found to produce ash in the size range characteristic of flyash, suggesting that the high ash content fractions were largely responsible for the production of bottom ash. The contributions of the specific gravity fractions to the composite ash in the fuels were quantified. The fuels were fired in the laboratory test system. Fuels with higher amounts of high specific gravity particles, in the size ranges characteristic of bottom ash, were found to produce more bottom ash, indicating the potential utility of float sink methods in the prediction of bottom ash removal requirements.

scholarly journals Particle Size Distribution of the Coal Bottom Ash from the Large Combustion Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olimpia Ghermec ◽  
Ionela Gabriela Bucse ◽  
Mariana Ciobanu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Major Fraction ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Human existence is dependent on the consumption of electricity and of thermal energy. One of the environmental problems is represented by the particulate matter with the diameter of less than 2.5 mm derived from combustion of coal. In order to find solutions to reduce emissions at source, the particle size distribution of the coal bottom ash after removing it from the steam boiler of the large combustion plant from Romag Halanga in Drobeta Turnu – Severin area was determined. Dry particle size distribution shows that the major fraction is one that has a particle size of 125 μm. Particle size distribution in the smallest size fraction was performed with laser diffraction particle size analyzer Brookhaven 90 Plus Nanoparticle Size Analyzer. Particle size distribution shows that in the composition of the coal bottom ash were found particles with nanometric dimensions.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPOSISI BRIKET BIOMASSA KULIT KACANG TANAH DAN ARANG TONGKOL JAGUNG TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnawarman Purnawarman ◽  
Nurchayati Nurchayati ◽  
Yesung Allo Padang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Petroleum Reserves ◽  
Lower Heating

Energy crisis in the world especially from fossil fuels which caused by the depletion of non-renewable petroleum reserves. It is therefore necessary to find sources of alternative fuels that are renewable. Biomass is a solid waste that can be used as a fuels source. Peanuts shell and cobs are biomass from agricultural waste which is quite abundant so it is potential to be used as a source of alternative fuels.In this study, peanuts shell biomass combined with charcoal cobs to be made into briquettes by varying the percentage composition of peanuts shell biomass and charcoal cobs as follows 75 : 25, 50 : 50, and 25 : 75. Briquettes that have been printed and then tested its characteristic include heating value, moisture content and ash content.The results show that as the increasing percentage of the charcoal cobs  have a significant influence on the characteristic of the briquettes. Briquettes with mix KKT 25 : ATJ 75 has an higher heating value (HHV) and lower heating value (LHV) the highest is equal to 28.718 kJ/kg and 28.279 kJ/kg, and the lowest percentage of moisture content is equal to 5.854%, but the highest result percentage of ash content is equal to 9.326%. Based on the test of these characteristic, biomass briquettes peanuts shell - charcoal cobs meet quality standards that have been established and eligible to became a source of alternative fuels.

Effects of lignite bottom ash content and particle size on the properties of a bronze-based friction material

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 9290-9297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarupat Panich ◽  
Chiraporn Auechalitanukul ◽  
Ryan McCuiston
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Ash Content
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