scholarly journals The Ability of biofilter sponge demospongiae class with various forms of growth towards the turbidity and total suspended solid

Author(s):  
Marini Soeid ◽  
Abdul Haris ◽  
Syafiuddin Syafiuddin

The sponge is an invertebrate animal from phylum porifera that lives permanently and filters out what is in the water column. The sponge has various forms of growth, including massive, branching, and submissive. Each form of growth is indicated to have different filtering abilities, so this research needs to be done. This study aims to determine whether the ability to filter (biofilter) Turbidity and Total Suspended Solid sponge depends on the form of growth (Massive, Submassive, and Branching). This research was conducted from September to October 2016. Taking sponges in the waters of Barranglompo Island, testing was carried out at the Hatchery Marine Station at Hasanuddin University, Barranglompo Island and measurements of water quality parameters were carried out at the Chemical Oceanography Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University. The acclimatization process needs to be done to adapt the sponge before being given treatment. Each aquarium is filled with seawater that has been mixed with sediments as much as 0.17 mg/l. Then each form of sponge growth is put into an aquarium with the same body volume of 500 cm3 and sees the ability to filter it for 10 hours and 24 hours. After that, water samples were taken at each aquarium to measure turbidity parameters, Total Suspended Solid, and Total Organic Materials. The results showed that at 10 hours and 24 hours the sponge with submassive growth forms filtered more particles in the water column than massive and branching growth forms, while sponge with branching growth forms run into stress and death after filtering for 24 hours.Keywords: growth pattern, biofilter, sediment, sponge.

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Szabó ◽  
A. Osztoics ◽  
F. Szilágyi

Over the last few decades more and more natural wastewater treatment systems have been built in Hungary. The present study is the first step in creating a broad database on the water quality parameters and on the pollutant removal efficiency of these systems. The investigation included 78 plants out of which we analysed 16 systems in detail. Four types of natural methods are evaluated: wetlands, ponds, bio-mechanical combined oxidation (BMKO) systems, and poplar plantations. Pond systems are efficient in ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) removal, reducing it with 83% (41-88%). Their chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal capacity is only 55% (37-81%). The only BMKO system that could be evaluated performs high CODCr (77%) and total suspended solid (TSS) (89%) removal. Removal of NH4-N and total nitrogen (TN) declines during the years of operation giving an average value of 39% and 49%, respectively. The system is not efficient in phosphorus removal (13%). In wetlands the 71% CODCr (53-96%), and 57% TSS (33-91%) removal provides satisfactory effluent quality most of the time. Wetlands performed low nutrient removal, i.e., 17% (-21-46%) for TN and 26% (-20-92%) for phosphorus. Poplar plantations are very effective in pollutant removal. Even the average removal of each nutrient type is above 75%. Several problems have occurred in the operation of natural treatment systems. However, if carefully planned and constructed, and the required maintenance work is done properly, they can be possible alternatives for wastewater treatment.


2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1199-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwaruddin Ahmed Wurochekke ◽  
Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed ◽  
Siti Asmah binti Lokman Halim ◽  
Amir Hashim bin Mohd Kassim ◽  
Rafidah binti Hamdan

Malaysia is experiencing water pollution crisis recently. In particular, greywater discharge directly to drains. Therefore, a greywater treatment system was designed to overcome this drain pollution. To investigate the operation and performance of the treatment system, constructed wetland was designed and builds for a small single household. Lepironia Articulata was chosen for populating wetland. The wetland was supplied with kitchen greywater. The selected house is appropriate because it lacks proper drainage system. This study evaluates the characteristic of kitchen greywater before and after treatment. The quality parameters of greywater that involve in this study are Total Coliform and E-coli. The range for reduction efficiency for Total Suspended Solid was 16.02 to 60.56, E.coli was 26% to 51% and Total Coliform was 5% to 63%. Generally, this study showed improved kitchen greywater quality before discharging to the nearest water body. The findings can be used significantly to enhance the knowledge in constructed wetland where it can serve as effective and integrated solutions for managing greywater discharging using control at source approach. A constructed wetland was best chosen due to its good visual impact, removal efficiency of organic material and other pollutant, as well economical.


Author(s):  
Muchlisin Arief ◽  
Syifa Wismayati Adawiah ◽  
Maryani Hartuti ◽  
Ety Parwati

Remote sensing technique is a powerful tool for monitoring the coastal zone. Optical sensors can be used to measure water quality parameters Total Suspended Matter (MPT). In order to be able to extract information MPT, the satellite data need to be validated with in situ measurements that make the relationship between the reflectance band with concentration MPT measurement results. In this model, do the correlation between the measurement results with the reflectance values band 3 and band 4. then obtained a linear equation, then calculated using the argument of a ratio of 60:75 to each of the correlation coefficient, the obtained linear equation two Dimension T (X3, X4) = 2313.77 X3 + 4741.11 X4 + 314.95. Based on the concentration MPT of dated June 3, 2015 was lower than in the west to the east. this is because the east is already contaminated with the plant, effluent solids by humans, while the west for still many floating net fish, and mangrove. Based on the results of measurement and calculation results , is still far from perfect (accuracy 60%), one factor is the value thresholding, when determining the boundary between: clouds, sea, and land. Generally indicates that the model is still in need for repair. Abstrak Penginderaan jauh adalah alat yang ampuh untuk memantau zona pesisir. Sensor optik dapat digunakan untuk mengukur parameter kualitas air Total Suspended Solid/Muatan Padatan Tersuspensi (MPT). Agar supaya dapat mengekstraksi informasi MPT, maka, data satelit perlu divalidasi dengan pengukuran in situ yaitu membuat hubungan antara reflektansi band dengan konsentrasi MPT hasil pengukuran. Pada model ini, dilakukan korelasi antara hasil pengukuran dengan nilai reflektansi band3 dan band4, maka diperoleh persamaan linier, kemudian dihitung dengan menggunakan dalil perbandingan 60 : 75, untuk masing-masing koefisien korelasinya, maka diperoleh persamaan linier dua dimensi T(X3,X4) = 2313.77 X3 + 4741,11 X4 + 314.95.  Berdasarkan konsentrasi MPT  pada 3 Juni 2015 di sebelah baratlebih rendah dibandingkan sebelah timur. Hal ini dikarenakan sebelah timur sudah terkontaminasi dengan pabrik, buangan benda padat oleh manusia, sedangkan sebelah barat karena masih banyak keramba jaring apung ikan dan mangrove. Berdasarkan hasilnya antara pengukuran dan hasil perhitungan, masih jauh dari sempuna (ketelitiannya 60 %), salah satu faktornya adalah dalam menentukan nilai thresholding, pada saat  menentukan batas antara: awan, laut dan darat. Secara umum menunjukkan bahwa model yang masih membutuhkan perbaikan.


Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Yulianty Adipu

Pengelolaan kualitas air apabila dikaitkan dengan kegiatan Budidaya tentunya menjadi faktor yang sangat perlu mendapatkan perhatian. Media budidaya dalam hal kualitas air sangat mempengaruhi produktifitas udang vaname . Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui gambaran  kualitas air dalam budidaya udang sistem bioflok menggunakan gula aren sebagai sumber karbohidrat. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu kontrol A (Tanpa campuran Fermentasi), Fermentasi B (campuran tepung ikan dan Gula aren), Fermentasi C (hanya menggunakan Gula aren). Parameter pengamatan terdiri dari 8 parameter kualitas air yaitu suhu, DO, pH, salinitas, nitrit. Nitrat, amoniak dan Total Suspended Solid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran bioflok menggunakan sumber karbohidrat memberikan perubahan pada beberapa parameter kualitas menjadi lebih baik, dengan adanya fermentasi gula aren yang menghasilkan bakteri asam laktat juga berperan produktifitas udang vanameWater quality management when associated with Aquaculture activities is certainly a factor that needs attention. Media culture in terms of water quality greatly affects the productivity of vaname shrimp. The purpose of this study is to find out the picture of water quality in the biofloc shrimp culture using palm sugar as a source of carbohydrates. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments used controlled A (without a mixture of fermentation), fermentation B (a mixture of fish meal and palm sugar), fermentation C (only using palm sugar). Observation parameters consisted of 8 parameters of water quality namely temperature, DO, pH, salinity, nitrite. Nitrate, Ammonia and Total Suspended Solid. The results showed that the role of biofloc using carbohydrate sources gave changes to several quality parameters for the better, with the presence of palm sugar fermentation which produced lactic acid bacteria also played a role in vaname shrimp productivity


2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Anh Duc ◽  
Nguyen Thi Mai Linh ◽  
Dang My Thanh ◽  
Pham Van Mien

Abstract In this study, the variables of zooplankton and water quality were investigated in the Can Giuoc River, Southern Vietnam. Zooplankton was monitored in April and September 2015 at 5 sampling sites in the river. Some basic water quality parameters were also tested, including pH, total suspended solid (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), inorganic nitrogen (NH4+), dissolved phosphorus (PO43−), and coliform. The zooplankton biodiversity indices were applied for the water quality assessment. The results showed that pH ranged from 6.7 to 7.6 during the monitoring. The TSSs were between 34–117 mg/L. The DO and BOD5 were from 0.6 to 3.8 mg/L and from 6.3 to 13.2 mg/L, respectively. The NH4+ and PO43− concentrations ranged from 0.44 to 3.23 and from 0.08 to 1.85 mg/L, respectively. The coliform number was between 9.3×103–9.3×104 MPN/100 mL. The zooplankton analyses showed that there were 31 species of coelenterates, rotatoria, oligochaetes, cladocerans, copepods, ostracods, mysidacea, and 8 larval types. Thereof, the species of copepods were dominant in the species number. The zooplankton density ranged from 9 500 to 23 600 individuals/m3 with the main dominant species of Moina dubia (Cladocera), Thermocyclops hyalinus, Acartia clausi, Oithona similis (Copepoda), and nauplius copepods. The biodiversity index values during the monitoring were from 1.47 to 1.79 characteristic of mesotrophic conditions of the aquatic environment. Besides, the species richness positively correlated with pH, TSS, DO, BOD5, NH4+, PO43−, and coliform, while the zooplankton densities got a positive correlation with DO, BOD5, NH4+, PO43−, and coliform. The results confirmed the advantage of using zooplankton and its indices for water quality assessment.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  

Rivers as surface water in Malaysia are recipients of effluents and wastewater and yet it is important water source for daily uses of some villagers living along the river. Endocrine disruptors such as Bisphenol A (BPA) can be found in river due to continuous discharge into it. The objectives of this research is to find out the occurrence and concentration of BPA in Sungai Langat and also to see how water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO ), turbidity, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (AN) affecting the concentration of BPA. 12 stations in total including upstream to downstream of Sungai Langat and also tributary of Sungai Langat. The instrument used to find out concentration of BPA is Triple Quadrupole LC/MS. The source of BPA are mainly industrial effluents and also direct domestic discharges. The water quality parameters that will affect concentration of BPA are Ammonia Nitrogen (AN), turbidity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO). While pH and water temperature are also factors that will affect concentration of BPA but the significance is not shown in the analysis. It can be concluded that u pstream of Sungai Langat has lower concentration of BPA than downstream.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 403-417
Author(s):  
Irzal Effendi ◽  
Muhammad Agus Suprayudi ◽  
I Wayan Nurjaya ◽  
Enang Harris Surawidjaja ◽  
Eddy Supriyono ◽  
...  

The purposes of this study were to determine oceanographic and water quality parameters and their suitability for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei culture. The measurements were carried out on dry season in Semak Daun Island, Karya Island, and Panggang Island waters of Thousand Islands, with areas of 315.0, 12.0, and 102.8 ha, water depth average of 4.6 m (0.5-28.1 m), 14.6 m (0.5-26.7 m), and 5.3 m (0.8-13.6 m), mean current water velocity of  12.9, 12.7, and 13.5 cm/second, respectively.  In the study areas, we found a diurnal tidal pattern with high wave in January and July-August.  Based on temperature, salinity, and water density in Semak Daun Island waters, there seemingly occurred a turn over indicating a good water circulation, while in Panggang Island and Karya Island waters tended to have a stratification. Generaly, water qualities in the study areas were in the op-timum range for white shrimp culture, i.e., temperature of 29.6-30.8oC, turbidity of 0.10-1.05 NTU, transparency of 5.8-9.7 m, total suspended solid of <8 mg/L, total dissolved solid of 20-164 mg/L, pH of 6.89-7.22, salinity of 32.2-32.3, dissolved oxygen of 5.8-10.8 mg/L, ammonia of 0.068-0.145 mg/L, nitrate 1.247-2.589 mg/L, and phosphate  of 1.021-2.352 mg/L. Moreover, in Semak Daun Island wa-ters, we found the highest suitability for white shrimp culture due to its better water circulation.Keywords: mariculture, coral reef waters, strait, water current, turnover, stratification.


2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Helfinalis Helfinalis

The objectives of this study were to know total suspended solid (TSS) and sediment distributions in Jakarta bay and Seribu Islands waters. This study was conducted on 5-11 August 2003. Water samples for TSS measurement were taken from the water surface (2 m depth), 1 m upper the bottom surface, and in the middle of water column in each station. The highest TSS was found at 0.75 g/l on the water surface in front of the westside of Cengkareng drain. In Seribu Island waters, TSS was lower than 0.07 g/l. High TSS in the middle of water column were found in the north of Untung Jawa Island, Rambut Island waters, and north of Cengkareng drain. The highest TSS in the middle of water column reached 0.0324 g/l in surrounding Muara Angke waters. On the other hand, low TSSs in the middle of water column were found in the east of Untung Jawa Island and in the west of  Rambut Island at around 0.0268 g/l. On the bottom, high TSSs were found in the most east of Bidadari and Karang Ubi Islands at 0.23 g/l. Low TSSs at around 0.02 g/l were found in the east and southeast of Untung Jawa Island and the north part of sampling location in this study. Silty mud sediment was observed in the northwest of Cengkareng drain estuary. In the surrounding Dadap and Kamal estuaries, silt, sandy silt, sand, and silty sand sediments were gradually found. Distribution of muddy sand  sediment was found very narrow in the Jakarta Bay, but wider in the north of Tanjung Pasir. Silty sand, sand, sandy silt, and silt sediment were observed in the north part of sampling location in this study.The objectives of this study were to know total suspended solid (TSS) and sediment distributions in Jakarta bay and Seribu Islands waters. This study was conducted on 5-11 August 2003. Water samples for TSS measurement were taken from the water surface (2 m depth), 1 m upper the bottom surface, and in the middle of water column in each station. The highest TSS was found at 0.75 g/l on the water surface in front of the westside of Cengkareng drain. In Seribu Island waters, TSS was lower than 0.07 g/l. High TSS in the middle of water column were found in the north of Untung Jawa Island, Rambut Island waters, and north of Cengkareng drain. The highest TSS in the middle of water column reached 0.0324 g/l in surrounding Muara Angke waters. On the other hand, low TSSs in the middle of water column were found in the east of Untung Jawa Island and in the west of  Rambut Island at around 0.0268 g/l. On the bottom, high TSSs were found in the most east of Bidadari and Karang Ubi Islands at 0.23 g/l. Low TSSs at around 0.02 g/l were found in the east and southeast of Untung Jawa Island and the north part of sampling location in this study. Silty mud sediment was observed in the northwest of Cengkareng drain estuary. In the surrounding Dadap and Kamal estuaries, silt, sandy silt, sand, and silty sand sediments were gradually found. Distribution of muddy sand  sediment was found very narrow in the Jakarta Bay, but wider in the north of Tanjung Pasir. Silty sand, sand, sandy silt, and silt sediment were observed in the north part of sampling location in this study.


2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Pham Anh Duc ◽  
Truong Thi Thuy Duong ◽  
Dang Quoc Dung

Abstract This study aims to enhance the mapping of forecast for water quality assessment in Mekong Delta provinces. The data from 32 sites from main rivers and canals in an area of around 2,482 km2 in Tien Giang Province, Vietnam, were used for calculation and mapping. The ArcGIS 9.3 software, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method, hydrologic data, and water quality parameters in March (2010-2014) were applied to build the maps showing 2020 water quality predictions for main rivers and canals in Tien Giang Province. The estimation was based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) with 6 parameters such as pH, total suspended solid (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (T_N), and coliform. The results showed that water quality in the studied area in dry season will not be improved by the year 2020. The finding could be a scientific reference for the selection of effective approaches to improve water quality in main rivers and canals in Tien Giang Province.


2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Nani Apriyani ◽  
Rudy Yoga Lesmana

AbstrakTumpukan sampah di Tempat Penampungan Sementara (TPS) maupun Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA) yang menghasilkan air lindi perlu dilakukan pemantauan untuk mengetahui air lindi sebelum dibuang guna mencegah terjadinya pencemaran air tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh dari kualitas air lindi terhadap air tanah warga di sekitar lokasi TPS di Kelurahan Pahandut, Kota Palangka Raya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan pemeriksaan parameter air lindi, seperti Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), kandungan minyak dan lemak. Selain itu, parameter kualitas air tanah juga diperiksa, seperti pH dan kadar zat organik pada 2 titik lokasi dengan jarak masing-masing 50 meter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar TSS air lindi di sekitar TPS melebihi baku mutu yaitu 130 ppm dan berpotensi sebagai penyebab tercemarnya air tanah di lokasi sekitar TPS tersebut. Kadar zat organik air tanah pada titik 1 dan 2 melebihi baku mutu yaitu sebesar 17 dan 15,1 ppm dari baku mutu yang diharapkan 10 ppm serta pH yang di bawah rentang pH yang diizinkan yaitu 6,5-9.AbstractPiles of domestic waste in Temporary waste transfer station (TPS) and Final Processing Station (TPA) that produce leachate need to be monitored to find out the leachate before disposal to prevent contamination of groundwater. This study aims to determine the effect of leachate water quality on groundwater of residents around the TPS location in Pahandut Village, Palangka Raya City. The study was conducted by examining the leachate quality parameters, such as Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), oil and fat content, and also examining the groundwater quality parameters, such as pH and organic matter at two water samples from two locations of sampling site with a distance of 50 meters. The results showed that the TSS value of leachate was 130 ppm, which exceeded the permitted quality standard. It can lead groundwater pollution in area around the TPS. The organic substance levels of two site of groundwater exceeded the groundwater quality standards, 17 and 15.1 ppm respectively. The pH of two site of groundwater was 6.5-9, which was below the groundwater quality standards. 


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