scholarly journals An Efficient AES Algorithm for IoT based Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1939-1944
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Affine Transformation ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Aes Algorithm ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
Structural Layout ◽  
Percentage Efficiency ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Aes Encryption Algorithm

With a massive growth in net communications, there is always a chance of risk to keep the data secret, reliability of data, additionally accessibility of data. An outcome for this is gift cryptographic methodologies which includes the superior Encryption trendy (AES), which might be at gift shield such information, are necessitated to be quick and well protected. In this report, we talk two novel techniques for adapting the foresaid trouble and it is being made potentially through enhancing the design of mix column manipulation of Advance Encryption Standard (AES). An improvement of 1.27 occasions transformed into completed in evaluation to earlier calculations in expressions of pace proficiency [1][2]. As far as hardware structural layout, a space discount of almost thrice change is additionally achieved. AES has input data blocks of 128 bits, with keys length of 128,192 or 256 bits. In this manuscript, a hardware representation of AES algorithm is described using key of length 128 bits. The AES hardware set up is realized using xilinx nexys 4 artix 7 –FPGA board with the help of xilinx ISE design suite. Our work focuses on MAES, a low power AES encryption algorithm which run over the interest [5]. In MAES, a S-Box of one dimension is suggested using new mathematical expression for creating a (n×n) matrix in affine transformation. The percentage efficiency of 18.35% is obtained by MAES than AES, when encrypted packets are transmitted. Thus MAES expends low power compared to that of AES, which is suitable for resource constraint environments.

scholarly journals An Insulated Flexible Sensor for Stable Electromyography Detection: Application to Prosthesis Control

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Roland ◽  
Kerstin Wimberger ◽  
Sebastian Amsuess ◽  
Michael Russold ◽  
Werner Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Skin Preparation ◽  
Flexible Sensor ◽  
Upper Limb Prostheses ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Prosthesis Control ◽  
Set Up

Electromyography (EMG), the measurement of electrical muscle activity, is used in a variety of applications, including myoelectric upper-limb prostheses, which help amputees to regain independence and a higher quality of life. The state-of-the-art sensors in prostheses have a conductive connection to the skin and are therefore sensitive to sweat and require preparation of the skin. They are applied with some pressure to ensure a conductive connection, which may result in pressure marks and can be problematic for patients with circulatory disorders, who constitute a major group of amputees. Due to their insulating layer between skin and sensor area, capacitive sensors are insensitive to the skin condition, they require neither conductive connection to the skin nor electrolytic paste or skin preparation. Here, we describe a highly stable, low-power capacitive EMG measurement set-up that is suitable for real-world application. Various flexible multi-layer sensor set-ups made of copper and insulating foils, flex print and textiles were compared. These flexible sensor set-ups adapt to the anatomy of the human forearm, therefore they provide high wearing comfort and ensure stability against motion artifacts. The influence of the materials used in the sensor set-up on the magnitude of the coupled signal was demonstrated based on both theoretical analysis and measurement.The amplifier circuit was optimized for high signal quality, low power consumption and mobile application. Different shielding and guarding concepts were compared, leading to high SNR.

Very Compact and Efficient 32-Bit AES Core Design Using FPGAs for Small-Footprint Low-Power Embedded Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (07) ◽  
pp. 1650080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed Bani-Hani ◽  
Khaldoon Mhaidat ◽  
Salah Harb
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Advanced Encryption Standard ◽  
Fpga Design ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
Aes Algorithm ◽  
Lookup Tables ◽  
Small Footprint ◽  
Embedded Applications

In this paper, a very compact and efficient 32-bit FPGA design for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is presented. The design is very well suited for small foot-print low-power embedded applications. The design is validated and synthesized using the Xilinx ISE Design Suite. To the best of our knowledge, our design is the most efficient in terms of throughput to area ratio and requires the smallest number of lookup tables (LUTs), logic slices, and registers. It also achieves the highest throughput among designs that do not use DSPs. It is also very power-efficient; it can process more than 10 Gbps/W on Kintex-7 FPGA.

scholarly journals Low Power Multi-Hop Networking Analysis in Intelligent Environments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josu Etxaniz ◽  
Gerardo Aranguren
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Ambient Intelligent ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Hardware Test

Intelligent systems are driven by the latest technological advances in so different areas as sensing, embedded systems, wireless communications or context recognition. This paper focuses on some of those areas. Concretely, the paper deals with wireless communications issues on embedded systems. More precisely, the paper combines the multi-hop networking with Bluetooth technology and a quality of service (QoS) metric, the latency. Bluetooth is a radio license free worldwide communication standard that makes low power multi-hop wireless networking available. It establishes piconets (point-to-point and point-to-multipoint links) and scatternets (multi-hop networks). As a result, many Bluetooth nodes can be interconnected to set up ambient intelligent networks. Then, this paper presents the results of the investigation on multi-hop latency with park and sniff Bluetooth low power modes conducted over the hardware test bench previously implemented. In addition, the empirical models to estimate the latency of multi-hop communications over Bluetooth Asynchronous Connectionless Links (ACL) in park and sniff mode are given. The designers of devices and networks for intelligent systems will benefit from the estimation of the latency in Bluetooth multi-hop communications that the models provide.

scholarly journals Crypto-Watermarking Algorithm Using Weber’s Law and AES: A View to Transfer Safe Medical Image

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Sondes Ajili ◽  
Mohamed Ali Hajjaji ◽  
Abdellatif Mtibaa
Keyword(s):  
Medical Image ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Turbo Code ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Aes Algorithm ◽  
Dct Domain ◽  
Arnold’S Cat Map ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Aes Encryption Algorithm

We propose a novel method for medical image watermarking in the DCT domain using the AES encryption algorithm. First, we decompose the original medical image into subblocks of 8 × 8. Besides, we apply the DCT and the quantization, respectively, to each subblock. However, in the DCT domain, an adequate choice of the DCT coefficients according to the quantization table in the middle frequencies band is performed. After that, we embed the patient’s data into the corresponding medical image. The insertion step is carried out just after the quantization phase. To increase the robustness, we encrypt the watermarked medical images by using the AES algorithm based on chaotic technique. Arnold’s cat map is used to shuffle the pixel values, and a chaotic Henon map is utilized to generate an aleatory sequence for the AES algorithm. The shuffled watermarked image is encrypted using the modified AES algorithm. The constant of Weber is used to choose the suitable visibility factor for embedding a watermark with high robustness. To control identification, after application of attacks, we use the serial turbo code for correction of the watermark to recover the data inserted. The average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the medical images obtained is 61,7769 dB. Experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed schema against various types of attacks.

scholarly journals Hybrid Approach of Modified AES

Cryptography ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Filali Mohamed Amine ◽  
Gafour Abdelkader
Keyword(s):  
Time Complexity ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Encryption Algorithm ◽  
Advanced Encryption Standard ◽  
Aes Algorithm ◽  
Symmetric Key ◽  
Encryption Algorithms ◽  
Aes Encryption Algorithm ◽  
Modified Aes

Advanced Encryption Standard is one of the most popular symmetric key encryption algorithms to many works, which have employed to implement modified AES. In this paper, the modification that has been proposed on AES algorithm that has been developed to decrease its time complexity on bulky data and increased security will be included using the image as input data. The modification proposed itself including alteration in the mix column and shift rows transformation of AES encryption algorithm, embedding confusion-diffusion. This work has been implemented on the most recent Xilinx Spartan FPGA.

Reaction Kinetics of Thrombin Activity in Decalcified Plasma and Blood

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 580-593
Author(s):  
L. A Pálos ◽  
G Sas ◽  
A Csurgay
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
First Order ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Kinetics Of

SummaryThe reaction kinetics of the second phase of blood clotting (conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin) has been studied in euglobulin and thrombin-antithrombin systems. It was intended to set up relationships that would make mathematical expression of the processes possible and which would, moreover, help in detecting dynamic and functional relationships characteristic of the mechanism involved in coagulation.The experiments have yielded the following results:1. In the euglobulin solution containing no antithrombin the fibrinogen-thrombin reaction can be characterized with a constant deviation from the first order kinetics.2. The process of thrombin inactivation is a reaction of first order in the initial phase.3. The two basic processes (clotting by thrombin in euglobulin solution, inactivation of thrombin in defibrinated plasma) make it possible to predetermine the thrombin time of citrated plasma. Theoretical and actual clotting times were in good agreement.4. The thrombin time of plasma can be computed even if thrombin is not introduced to the system at one stride but gradually, a manner of administration which is a better imitation of what happening in vivo. 5. In connection with the computation of the “thrombin time” of citrated blood, we determined experimentally (and expressed by means of a function) the modification produced by the corpuscular elements of the blood in the reaction between fibrinogen and thrombin under atraumatic conditions.

Creative Approach Using Lock-in Thermography in Fault Localization of ASIC Devices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Sabate ◽  
Rommel Estores
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Fault Localization ◽  
Thermal Activity ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Material Preparations ◽  
Imaging Application ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Lock In

Abstract The advent of lock-in thermal imaging application on semiconductor failure analysis added capability to localize failures through thermal activity (emission) of the die. When coupled with creative electrical set-up and material preparations, lock-in thermography (LIT) [1, 2] application gives more possibility in exploring the failure of the device using low power settings. This gives higher probability of preserving the defect which leads to a more conclusive root cause determination.

Hybrid Approach of Modified AES

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Filali Mohamed Amine ◽  
Gafour Abdelkader
Keyword(s):  
Time Complexity ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Encryption Algorithm ◽  
Advanced Encryption Standard ◽  
Aes Algorithm ◽  
Symmetric Key ◽  
Encryption Algorithms ◽  
Aes Encryption Algorithm ◽  
Modified Aes

Advanced Encryption Standard is one of the most popular symmetric key encryption algorithms to many works, which have employed to implement modified AES. In this paper, the modification that has been proposed on AES algorithm that has been developed to decrease its time complexity on bulky data and increased security will be included using the image as input data. The modification proposed itself including alteration in the mix column and shift rows transformation of AES encryption algorithm, embedding confusion-diffusion. This work has been implemented on the most recent Xilinx Spartan FPGA.

Set-Up due to Random Waves: Influence of the Directional Spectrum

2013 ◽  
Vol 155 (A3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Random Waves ◽  
Directional Spectrum ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Spreading Function ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Correct Estimation ◽  
Buoy Data

The correct estimation of set-up is very important to evaluate coastal hazard and to design coastal structures. In this paper, we derived a mathematical expression for wave set-up in the context of random waves. The solution to this expression assumes straight, parallel depth contours and constant average flow parameters in the longshore direction. We then investigated the effect of different types of sea state taking account of different frequency spectrum and spreading function assumed in the expression on estimates of wave set-up. We found the set-up was highly influenced by the frequency spectrum used. Finally, we applied this expression to estimate set-up values at locations in Italy and in the United States using buoy data provided by ISPRA (Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale) and NDBC (National Data Buoy Centre).

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