scholarly journals Aspects of Research the Connotation in Compounds with Color Component (on the Example of Uzbek Place Names)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4619-4624
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Color Component ◽  
The Real ◽  
Greek Philosopher

Problems related to nomination or simply “naming” have always been a topical item for scholarly disputations. People were interested in the nature of naming, how people name an object in his/her language and why one and the same object is named quite in another way. In other languages starting with ancient Greek philosopher Plato, this problem was touched on by hundreds and thousands of scholars. Giving a name to a place is not so difficult to compare with names of people and things. People see the nature and see the specific features of the nature, landscape and compare them with other rivers, mountains, hills, villages, plains using their knowledge and give name to them. Up to now linguists saw no problems here but starting with the rise of cognitive linguistics, scholars began noticing some interesting features of place names. In the article the authors analyzed the features of place names with color component on the material collected from the maps of 5 regions of Uzbekistan: Tashkent, Djizakh, Ferghana, Andijan and Namangan regions. The material was collected from the special maps having metric detalisations to villages with springs, streams; pathways etc. Authors analyzed the degree of the correspondence between the elements of place names as compared to the real landscape of the named place. Statistical data are used to compare the distribution of the name in an area. This is all, what was done from the point of linguistics. Each time the authors see a place name they try to give its etymology and compare it with existing etymological and translation dictionaries. And the authors found that the place name can be used in its primary, dictionary meaning but also it can be used metaphorically or connotatively. In this article the authors made an attempt at finding solutions to such problems.

scholarly journals Aristotle as an Idealist

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn G. Pajares
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Real ◽  
Greek Philosopher ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Physical Objects

The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle is widely known as a realist in believing that the real exists in the sensible world and can be known through sense of perception or observation. But, there are others who would claim that he is a moderate realist in believing that the essences are one with physical objects but are known universally and immaterially. Contrary to these popular beliefs, this paper discussed that Aristotle is neither a realist nor a moderate realist but an idealist. The study utilized descriptive critical analysis as its method. The author explained the basic principles and teachings of Aristotle on metaphysics, epistemology and dwelt on these basic principles and teachings as bases of criticism. This article presented Aristotle’s belief that the true essences of things which he referred to as forms, essences or substance are metaphysical or universal which is beyond the physical and therefore beyond the grasp of sensation and observation. In other words, reality for him is only logical or mental in nature for it is not tangible. This also explained that Aristotle’s theory of knowledge (epistemology) which employed the senses to grasp the essences of things is not possible. Keywords - realism, idealism, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, hylemorphism, essence, form, substance and nature.

Fiction cosmos as an object of interpretation

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Leonid Yu. Fukson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Art World ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
The Real ◽  
Greek Philosopher ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Aesthetic

The degree of comprehensibility of any art creation depends on its perception as a coherent whole. It is one of the axioms of hermeneutics. Nonetheless, the internal links of a fictional text can be divided into two different types by similarity and by contrast. This fact allows for an analogy that is due to the fiction world being somewhat similar to the real world, i.e., arranged quite in line with the doctrine of the ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles. This philosopher thought the complex unity of the cosmos to be organized by two opposite powers - Love (φιλία) and Feud (νέικος). A modern physicist would call them the forces of attraction and repulsion. The analogs of “love” attraction and “hostile” repulsion are a symbolic representation and a tension of opposite values in a fiction world. When drawing the above analogy, one should take into account the fact that the art world, unlike the real one, has a purely intentional character, that is, all its objects and the connections between them are mediated by the consciousness and value-based intention of the author, the protagonist, and the reader. These opposing powers of “Love” and “Feud” may also be called the integral and differential axes of the value-semantic structure coordinates of the fiction cosmos. It is in these coordinates that the aesthetic event and the comprehensive participation of the reader take place. The paper provides a number of analyses of various works and fragments of fiction to substantiate the above-formulated thesis.

The Prisoner of Zenda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Hope
Keyword(s):  
Board Game ◽  
Place Names ◽  
The Real

‘If love were the only thing, I would follow you-in rags if need be ... But is love the only thing?’ Anthony Hope's The Prisoner of Zenda is a swashbuckling adventure set in Ruritania, a mythical pocket kingdom. Englishman Rudolf Rassendyll closely resembles the King of Ruritania, and to foil a coup by his rival to the throne, he is persuaded to impersonate him for a day. However, Rassendyll's role becomes more complicated when the real king is kidnapped, and he falls for the lovely Princess Flavia. Although the story is set in the near past, Ruritania is a semi-feudal land in which a strong sword arm can carry the day, and Rassendyll and his allies fight to rescue the king. But if he succeeds, our hero and Flavia will have to choose between love and honour. As Nicholas Daly's introduction outlines, this thrilling tale inspired not only stage and screen adaptations, but also place names, and even a popular board game. A whole new subgenre of ‘Ruritanian romances’ followed, though no imitation managed to capture the charm, exuberance, and sheer storytelling power of Hope's classic tale.

Impact of Canada's Pacific Salmon Fleet Control Program

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Pearse ◽  
James E. Wilen
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
The Real ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Salmon Fishery

The available statistical data are analyzed to appraise the success of Canada's Pacific salmon fleet rationalization program, in terms of the extent to which it has prevented fishing costs from rising in pace with the value of the catch. It is found that while the fleet's revenues increased at about the same rate before and after the scheme was introduced in 1969, the real capital employed increased more slowly under the controls than earlier. The program has, nevertheless, failed in its purpose of preventing further expansion of redundant capital in the fleet. The reasons for this failure, and for certain apparent shifts in the structure of the fleet, are discussed. Key words: Pacific salmon fishery, capitalization, economic rationalization, resource rent

scholarly journals Hyperbolic markers in modeling hyperbole: a scenario-based account

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Carla Ovejas Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Meaning Construction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
The Real ◽  
Theoretical Context ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario

This article discusses hyperbolic markers in modeling hyperbole from the perspective of a scenario-based account of language use within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics. In this view, hyperbole is seen as a mapping across two conceptual domains (Peña y Ruiz de Mendoza, 2017), a source domain, here relabeled as the magnified scenario, which contains a hypothetical unrealistic situation based on exaggeration, and a target domain or observable scenario which depicts the real situation addressed by the hyperbolic expression. Since the hypothetical scenario is a magnified version of the observable scenario, the mapping contains source-target matches in varying degrees of resemblance. Within this theoretical context, the article explores resources available to speakers for the construction of magnified scenarios leading to hyperbolic interpretation. Among such resources, we find hyperbole markers and the setting up of domains of reference. Finally, the article also discusses hyperbole blockers, which cancel out the activity of the other hyperbolic meaning construction mechanisms.

scholarly journals The role of spatial images in R.D. Harris’s novel “Pompeii”

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
E.V. Somova ◽  
E.B. Schemeleva
Keyword(s):  
Historical Novel ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Postmodern Literature ◽  
The Real ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
New Material ◽  
Postmodern Novel ◽  
The Mind

The article focuses on the novel “Pompeii” by Robert Dennis Harris which has been little studied in Russia and presents a new material for further research. The purpose of the research is to identify the originality of spatial images in the novel of the British writer. Basing on the comparative historical and analytical methods, the authors of the article explore the main principles of creating historical narration and the specifics of R.D. Harris’s work with historiographical sources while creating a historical epoch; they identify the features of W. Scott and E.G. Bulver-Lytton. Within the context of the study of the originality of spatial topoi in “Pompeii” the authors use extensively the concept of “topoekphrasis”, introduced by O.A. Kling. It distinguishes the place setting as a protagonist who influences greatly the course of events. While analyzing, the authors make the following conclusions about the national condition of the scene given by using ekphrasis and the correlation of the myth with the actual realities in the modern cultural system which indicate the stereotypical thinking of a person in the postmodern society: the myth of Adam and Eve who found themselves in Paradise, associated in the mind of a European with Capri which represents “unearthly” life; the expansion of the semantic fields after reading the myth of Sodom and Gomorrah which describes the destruction of two biblical cities and is brought closer in the novel to the events associated with the real tragedy in Pompeii, undoubtedly show the similarity of its plot resolution with the modern eschatological myth of the Apocalypse, which tells us about the inevitable death of civilization. The analysis of the mythological paradigm of R.D. Harris’s novel "Pompeii", organized by combination of ekphrasis and topoi, discloses the transformation of the postmodernist writer’s worldview, creating a new metaphysical reality in the historical novel. In addition to the real spatial topoi of the ancient world (forum, aqueduct, temple), the postmodern novel reveals mythological images: a labyrinth associated with the ancient Greek story of Theseus; the underground world of the dead, linked to the myth of Charon. The artistic understanding of the historical process by R.D. Harris allows us to identify the originality of the writer’s historical concept in the context of postmodern literature.

scholarly journals Metaforikus névadás

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Katalin Reszegi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Psychological Reality ◽  
Cognitive Mechanism ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
Cognitive Metaphor ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
The Creation

The paper discusses the cognitive mechanics of metaphorical name-giving with a focus on place names, following an overview of cognitive metaphor theory and the questions of metaphorically used proper nouns. In cognitive linguistics, the use of metaphors is a cognitive mechanism that plays a fundamental role in human thought and understanding, and the creation of our social, cultural and psychological reality. A particular form of this also manifests in name-giving, creating a small but influential category of names. The category of place names also influences the application of this name-giving method: it is generally used in more informal names and name types. The creation of such a name requires the speaker to detach themselves from the conventional norms of direct descriptionand metonymic name-giving, and relies on their lingual creativity and ability to detach themselves from dominant name-giving models. However, names in the category can also be divided into subcategories. Beyond the typical common-noun-based metaphorical name-giving, more complex parallels can also be found, resulting in the associations connecting the names of several nearby locations. Place names can also serve as the base of metaphorical name-giving, supporting the complex meaning of these names. Despite the fact that the majority of metaphorical names are available from contemporary data collection, it is obviously a long-standing and ancient method of name-giving, as it is based on a cognitive mechanics that seem to be as old as humanity itself.

Features of Representation of Color Names in Kazakh and English Toponyms

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (118) ◽  
pp. 202-214
Author(s):  
A.K. Meırbekov ◽  
◽  
A.E. Smatova ◽  
B.M. Tіleýberdıev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
External World ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Orientation Function ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Land Water ◽  
Color Components ◽  
Made In

This article deals with the study of toponyms of Kazakh and English toponymy in the context of cognitive linguistics and the mechanism of interpretation of representation and perception of color names in toponyms and the principles of construction of these mechanisms. Toponyms are analyzed as a speech expression processed in the consciousness of the linguistic image of the world-the relationship of man and the environment. The modern stage of place names in cognitive research includes the consideration of language as one of the cognitive subsystems and onomastic vocabulary in the formulation of surrounding truths. The composition of the national toponymic picture of the world determines the motivation of the land-water names made in relation to the color names. Studying the combination of onym appellation, nominated from the attributes of the colors used in both languages. The color designation in toponyms is considered in connection with the peculiarities of geographical objects and their perception by human visual organs. Due to the fact that the external world is transmitted to different peoples in the form of specific idioethnic patterns, in place names of different ethnic groups, color symbols are recognized by new facets. The article discusses the color characteristics of the space in the names earth-water, given as a sample. Various approaches to the nature of the color components of geographical names are analyzed, and the possibility of symbolic and orientational interpretation of color is shown. The fact that the color in toponyms can serve as an orientation function, and not just as an indicator of the horizon side, also does not go unnoticed. The toponyms also present the results of research related to the nature of the object in which the symbolism of color orientation is nominated.

A Perspective of AI and Patents

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
Is Development ◽  
Real Scenario

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is significantly changing the world as well as the business. The emergence of AI, AI portfolio, a timeline of AI, its usage in different sectors, the real scenario of AI with Statistical data are presented. The paper discusses the role of patent is development and protection of AI based technologies, the contribution of the sectors in filing patents related to AI. The paper studies the problems faced by businesses with AI implementation and the probable strategic solutions using patents.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF LABOUR SAFETY MEANS BY STATISTICAL GAMES

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
Petras Čyras ◽  
Sigutė Vakrinienė
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Strategy ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Matrix Game ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
The Real ◽  
Safe Control ◽  
Definite Period ◽  
Statistical Game

Statistical data regarding causes and number of accidents in enterprises and organisations allow to foresee the average number of traumas for a definite period when no additional means for trauma prevention have been provided. The trauma prevention means differ because they require different financing and decreasing the number of traumas. The suggested mathematical methods give the possibility to appraise the means of trauma prevention according to the definite sum invested. Some accidents are related to individual miss-steps/mistakes at work. Trying to find out the ways for optimal trauma prevention we can take the latter causes as statistical game of “nature” state and certain possible situations of existing in determination. They are impossible to be changed, though some preventive means applied by employees may decrease the trauma cases caused by individual safe control violation. As soon as the optimal strategy of the aforementioned matrix game is found, the most important preventive means could be determined. They could guarantee the real decrease of the trauma cases in spite of any violations by employees. A certain modification of the straightforward programme making task allows us to get an optimal allocation of means necessary for trauma prevention, thus evaluating the effectiveness of preventive measures when the optimal financing is found as the means are increasing.

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