scholarly journals Tactile Maps and New Technologies for Blind and People with Visual Impairments

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Maria I. Gkanidi ◽  
Athanasios Drigas,
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Tactile Maps ◽  
The Individual

Until recently, the medical model of disability has dominated, but times and views change so that the model of social inclusion is now the guideline. It is therefore the broad acceptance of the social model of disability that leads to these changes and assistive technology is the main tool that allows social inclusion. In this paper an attempt is made to investigate greek and international bibliography regarding the design, the use and the effectiveness of haptic maps. This bibliographic research is divided into two main parts, each of whom divided into sub-chapters. The first part includes definitions and researches related to the structure, form and operation of the tactile maps and, more generally, of the individual characteristics taken into account in their creation. In the second part, there is a brief presentation of the new technologies for the blind and visually impaired people.

scholarly journals The Social Model of Disability and Music Therapy: Practical Suggestions for the Emerging Clinical Practitioner

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gross
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medical Model Of Disability ◽  
The Individual

More and more music therapists are becoming aware of the social model of disability. The social model of disability maintains that the locus of disability rests in the capacity for society to create barriers for people with physical or mental differences. Much of music therapy practice still invests in the medical model of disability, which maintains that disability is an inherent personal flaw in the individual which requires remediation. This paper argues that music therapy practice should adopt the social model of disability, and maintains that, in particular, music-centered music therapy is one theory of music therapy that resonates well with the social model of disability. The paper includes advice for the emerging music therapy clinician on how better to incorporate social model of disability perspectives in practice based on the work of previous scholars who have written extensively about the social model.

Lessons from the Experience of U.N. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Addressing the Democratic Deficit in Global Health Governance

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Lord ◽  
David Suozzi ◽  
Allyn L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Traditional Approaches

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (the CRPD or the Convention), adopted on December 13, 2006, and entered into force on May 3, 2008, constitutes a key landmark in the emerging field of global health law and a critical milestone in the development of international law on the rights of persons with disabilities. At the time of its adoption, the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights heralded the CRPD as a rejection of the understanding of persons with disabilities “as objects of charity, medical treatment and social protection” and an embrace of disabled people as “subjects of rights.”The text of the Convention itself, and the highly participatory process by which it was negotiated, signal a definitive break from previous international approaches that focused on disability within a medical model framework. In contrast to traditional approaches, the CRPD embraces a social model of disability, concentrating the disability experience not in individual deficiency, but in the socially constructed environment and the barriers that impede the participation of persons with disabilities in society.

Art.1 Purpose

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kakoullis Emily ◽  
Ikehara Yoshikazu
Keyword(s):  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Societal Participation ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Medical Model Of Disability

This chapter examines Article 1 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The article sets out the purpose of the CRPD and describes its target group. It enshrines a ‘paradigm shift’ in approach to the concept of ‘disability’ in international human rights law: a shift from an approach underpinned by a ‘medical model of disability’ that views persons with disabilities as ‘objects’ of medical treatment and in need of charity; to a ‘social model of disability’, which views persons with disabilities as ‘subjects’ with rights and focuses on the barriers persons with disabilities face that may hinder their societal participation.

scholarly journals Daouidi v Bootes Plus SL and the Concept of ‘Disability’ in EU Anti-Discrimination Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Ferri
Keyword(s):  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Attitudinal Barriers ◽  
Direct Discrimination ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

Daouidi v Bootes Plus SL is one the latest decisions in which the CJEU has been directly confronted with the concept of disability in the realm of EU anti-discrimination legislation. In particular, in this judgment, the Court attempted to identify when the dismissal of a worker due to temporary incapacity of an unknown duration may constitute direct discrimination on the grounds of disability. This decision appears to be significant in that, for the first time, the CJEU discusses the meaning of ‘long-term limitation’ for the purpose of Directive 2000/78. Although the Court treads carefully, it attempts to further elucidate and bring new elements to the definition of disability in EU anti-discrimination law. In spite of the fact that the Court is potentially widening the notion of disability, it appears, once again, quite reticent in its approach to the role of social, environmental and attitudinal barriers in disabling an individual, and remains somewhat ‘trapped’ in the medical model of disability. All in all, this analysis endeavors to highlight that the CJEU is struggling to move beyond a rhetorical recognition of the social model of disability and to apply this in practice.

Conceptualising dementia

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-198
Author(s):  
Alisoun Milne
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

The way dementia is conceptualised influences the wellbeing and treatment of people living with the condition. The traditional neuro-degenerative model has increasingly been challenged. Significant contributions include the 1970’s concepts of malignant social psychologv and personhood, the 1990’s drive to engage with the social model of disability, and the recent development of the social citizenship approach. Not only has this new paradigm widened the conceptual lens through which dementia is viewed but it has incorporated issues, beyond the biomedical, that extend our understanding of dementia as a situated condition and lived experience. It is situated in relationships, a lifecourse and a socio-political context and is shaped by inequalities and limited engagement with rights and social justice. Dementia is a multi-dimensional phenomenon and requires a response that addresses its clinical, psychological, social and political dimensions. The new paradigm helps re-focus policy, care and research on the person rather than the condition; relocates the ‘problem’ from the individual to societal structures, attitudes, policy and services; demands new forms of critical practice; and engages with the perspectives of people living with dementia. Whilst there are dementia specific policies in the UK they have limited legal traction and are not integrated with other relevant policies.

scholarly journals Employment Legal Framework for Persons with Disabilities in China: Effectiveness and Reasons

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 4976
Author(s):  
Yuling Hao ◽  
Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Medical Model ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Definition Of

In order to promote the employment of persons with disabilities, two dominant legal approaches—anti-discrimination legislation based on the social model of disability and an employment quota scheme based on the medical model—are usually employed on a nation-state basis in disability policies. This article systematically examines the reasons why both the anti-discrimination and employment quota scheme legal frameworks have limited effectiveness in promoting employment of persons with disabilities in China. We found that the lack of a definition of disability, the lack of a definition of discrimination, and the absence of effective enforcement mechanisms are the reasons for poor outcomes of the anti-discrimination legal framework. For the employment quota scheme, conflicts between the mainstream labor market legal framework and the quota scheme legal framework have prompted employers to pay penalties rather than hire persons with disabilities. China should address these issues in the current legal system in the short term. Meanwhile, the CRPD should be more strongly emphasized in China. This article argues for the human rights model espoused by the CRPD, instead of the medical model, to develop a coherent and sustainable disability legal framework for promoting participation of persons with disabilities, rather than focusing on viewing them as recipients of care.

scholarly journals Biomedyczny i społeczny model niepełnosprawności w perspektywie filozoficznej

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Pezdek
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Georges Canguilhem ◽  
The Individual

The author’s aim is to support the hypothesis that what is considered the norm (normal, normality) is of fundamental importance in shaping the biomedical and social model of disability. The content of that norm largely determines whether an individual in society will be classified as a person with or without a disability. All norms concerning health and functioning have their source in axiological considerations of set ideas about the human body and society. In this sense, the norms do not reflect the entire phenomenon of disability, which they standardize. At most they reflect how it is treated by social institutions (the authorities) in a given time and place and what consequences this has for the development of the individual with a disability (the problem of emancipation). The theoretical basis for these thoughts is the philosophical perspective proposed by Georges Canguilhem, Jürgen Habermas, and Michel Foucault.

The Disability Rights Movement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Scotch ◽  
Kara Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Medical Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Disability Rights Movement ◽  
Disability Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Conceptual Underpinning

This chapter provides an overview of the social movement advocating for disability rights, including its origins, goals, strategies, structure, and impact. The chapter’s primary focus is on the movement in the United States, although developments in other nations are also discussed. The chapter reviews the origins of the disability rights movement in the 20th century in response to stigma and discrimination associated with disabilities and the medical model of disability; addresses the movement’s advocacy strategies, as well as the social model of disability that provided the conceptual underpinning for its goals and activities; and describes how the major components of the movement, including cross-disability organization, were brought together through collaboration and the common experiences of disability culture.

Disability disclosure: categorical and cultural difficulties HETL Scotland 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-193
Author(s):  
Armineh Soorenian
Keyword(s):  
Social Model ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Inclusive Practice ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Disability Categories ◽  
The Individual

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze a group of disabled students’ views and feelings on disclosing the nature of their impairments by applying via Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS, 2016), using a numerical coding system. The adequacy of “disability” categories on both university and UCAS forms, and related sensitive issues will be central to this paper. Design/methodology/approach Thus, the author will visit the debates surrounding the two contrasting models of “disability”, namely, the individual medical and the social model of “disability”. The associated advantages and disadvantages that are ensued will be examined. Findings This paper will conclude by offering inclusive solutions to disclosure, which are sensitive to both impairment and cultural-related issues and encourage disclosure from students with a wide range of impairments. The benefits of all-encompassing inclusive practice and the resulting wider implications for the student population at large will, therefore, be highlighted. Originality/value There is an acute shortage of similar kinds of research conducted on disabled international students’ experiences of disclosure, which make the current work timely and original.

Disability: Physical Disabilities

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Clute
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Human Diversity ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities

Physical disability is traditionally defined by society's view of atypical function. The medical model offers information on factors contributing to physical disability, including genetics, injury, and disease. The social model of disability, however, defines the societal responses, not the physical differences, as disabling. People with physical disabilities have unique characteristics and experiences that fall into the broad range of human diversity. They belong as full participants in society. Social workers must focus on working in respectful partnerships with people with physical disabilities to change environments and attitudes. This will help build a just society that honors diversity. This entry addresses multiple factors that cause disability, from genetics to environment, as viewed through the medical model. The social model view of “the problem” is offered in comparison. It also introduces the wide diversity of people with physical disability. The entry discusses two major societal responses to physical disability. Environmental modification is one approach. A more recent approach, Universal Access, involves upfront design of environments to meet diverse needs. The final sections explain implications for social workers and lays groundwork for action. Creating access and respectful partnerships are foundations of the work ahead. It is difficult to define physical disability without situating the discussion in the model used to view and deal with human diversity. This discussion is based on the social model of disability, a view of disability that sees the environment as disabling, not the individual condition. Discussion of the medical model is offered as a contrast. (For a more complete discussion of disability models, see Mackelprang's Disability: An Overview in this publication.)

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