scholarly journals Ways of Antiepizootic Measures’ Improvement in Case of Cattle Brucellosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 11560-11564
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Dosage Frequency

The paper discusses epizootic situation of cattle brucellosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the subjects of the Kostanai region. The system of comprehensive anti-brucellosis measures based on the major principles with integrated organizational, economic, general veterinary and sanitary and special measures using specific prevention means according to certain schemes or without them, depending on the current epizootic situation, which transfers brucellosis into the category of controlled or potentially curable ones, is analyzed. Convincing evidence of the role of these factors in relation to the success of prevention and rehabilitation of infected herds is provided. The long-term research results indicate that in the regions largely affected by brucellosis complete recovery of cattle without specific prevention measures is practically impossible. In this regard, to eliminate the risk of infection we proposed schemes of anti-brucellosis immunization in safe regions and the subjects affected to different degrees, as well as that for imported pedigree cattle and its offspring. The schemes stipulate vaccines (dosage, frequency, place of immunization, intervals, timing of revaccination, etc.), timing and methods of examination different gender and age groups of cattle.

scholarly journals The hemolytic uremic syndrome: a possible etiological role of Campylobacter infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-253
Author(s):  
G. S. Karpovich ◽  
E. I. Krasnova ◽  
A. V. Vasyunin ◽  
T. V. Komissarova ◽  
L. I. Enivatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Bacterial Agent ◽  
Primary Body ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Uremic Syndrome

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), one of the forms of thrombotic microangiopathy, is a severe emergency with non-immune (Coombs negative) anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal injury. HUS is heterogeneous, and its most common form, the typical HUS, is associated with Shiga toxin (Stx) producing bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, and Citrobacter freundii. Less frequent is HUS, caused by a neuraminidase producing streptococcus (pneumococcal HUS). The most uncommon form is the atypical HUS, which is a genetic orphan disease associated with an abnormality in the regulatory protein of the complement system. HUS has a fairly high mortality rate, amounting to 10–15% on average. The long-term outcomes of HUS depend on its type, as well as on the degree of the primary body tissue damage. According to the data from Novosibirsk Children's Municipal Clinical Hospital No 3 from 1991, 44 cases of HUS in children have been identified. Complete recovery, without any residual abnormalities, was registered in 25 children (56.8% of the cases). Nine children (20.5%) developed chronic kidney disease and 10 (22.7%) of all HUS cases were fatal. Early diagnosis, as well as the identification of pathogenetic mechanisms, is the basis for adequate therapy and outcome prediction. Campylobacter may be one of the causative agents of HUS. Despite new cases of Campylobacter-associated HUS being registered in the world, the very possibility of HUS induction by this pathogen and its pathophysiology are currently unclear. There is no convincing evidence for both Stx and the neuraminidase-related mechanism of HUS in Campylobacter infections. Given the high incidence of autoimmune disorders like Guillain-Barre syndrome and reactive arthritis in Campylobacter infections, it is currently impossible to exclude an autoimmune mechanism of HUS in these diseases. Thus, the role of Campylobacter, as a new potential bacterial agent of HUS, as well as the pathogenesis of such conditions in Campylobacter infections, requires further study.

The potential role of stress and sex steroids in heritable effects of sevoflurane

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly E Martynyuk ◽  
Ling-Sha Ju ◽  
Timothy E Morey
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Heritable Effects

Abstract Most surgical procedures require general anesthesia, which is a reversible deep sedation state lacking all perception. The induction of this state is possible because of complex molecular and neuronal network actions of general anesthetics (GAs) and other pharmacological agents. Laboratory and clinical studies indicate that the effects of GAs may not be completely reversible upon anesthesia withdrawal. The long-term neurocognitive effects of GAs, especially when administered at the extremes of ages, are an increasingly recognized health concern and the subject of extensive laboratory and clinical research. Initial studies in rodents suggest that the adverse effects of GAs, whose actions involve enhancement of GABA type A receptor activity (GABAergic GAs), can also extend to future unexposed offspring. Importantly, experimental findings show that GABAergic GAs may induce heritable effects when administered from the early postnatal period to at least young adulthood, covering nearly all age groups that may have children after exposure to anesthesia. More studies are needed to understand when and how the clinical use of GAs in a large and growing population of patients can result in lower resilience to diseases in the even larger population of their unexposed offspring. This minireview is focused on the authors’ published results and data in the literature supporting the notion that GABAergic GAs, in particular sevoflurane, may upregulate systemic levels of stress and sex steroids and alter expressions of genes that are essential for the functioning of these steroid systems. The authors hypothesize that stress and sex steroids are involved in the mediation of sex-specific heritable effects of sevoflurane.

scholarly journals The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and Internalization: Lessons from the Western Balkans

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Craig
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
Precise Form ◽  
Community Rights ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Domestic Law

Abstract The precise form of internalization of the provisions of the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in domestic law is crucial in ensuring its long-term effectiveness. Experiences in the Western Balkans raise important questions about the role of minority (or community) rights legislation in deeply divided societies. This article uses the case-studies of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and the Republic of North Macedonia to highlight key themes and limitations that have emerged. Comparative analysis reveals a surprising divergence of approaches to internalization in the region. The article further demonstrates that the ‘nation-cum-state paradigm’ remains prevalent, despite the premise of universality. It argues that such legislation can play an important symbolic and practical role, but that legal internalization needs to be seen as an ongoing process. It concludes that attention needs to be given to ensuring the continued particularization and adaptation of such legislation in light of both the limitations and changing circumstances, providing a key lesson also for other divided societies.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective role of lactate in rat neonatal hypoxia-ischemia

2020 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2090835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Roumes ◽  
Ursule Dumont ◽  
Stéphane Sanchez ◽  
Leslie Mazuel ◽  
Jordy Blanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Hypoxia Ischemia

Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy remains a major cause of perinatal mortality and chronic disability in newborns worldwide (1–6 for 1000 births). The only current clinical treatment is hypothermia, which is efficient for less than 60% of babies. Mainly considered as a waste product in the past, lactate, in addition to glucose, is increasingly admitted as a supplementary fuel for neurons and, more recently, as a signaling molecule in the brain. Our aim was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of lactate in a neonatal (seven day old) rat model of hypoxia-ischemia. Pups received intra-peritoneal injection(s) of lactate (40 μmol). Size and apparent diffusion coefficients of brain lesions were assessed by magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging. Oxiblot analyses and long-term behavioral studies were also conducted. A single lactate injection induced a 30% reduction in brain lesion volume, indicating a rapid and efficient neuroprotective effect. When oxamate, a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, was co-injected with lactate, the neuroprotection was completely abolished, highlighting the role of lactate metabolism in this protection. After three lactate injections (one per day), pups presented the smallest brain lesion volume and a complete recovery of neurological reflexes, sensorimotor capacities and long-term memory, demonstrating that lactate administration is a promising therapy for neonatal HI insult.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Questionnaire Data Views on the Design of Living Space for Different Situations in Life

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Brausch ◽  
Dušan Katunský ◽  
Jana Katunská
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Adaptive Environment ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Given

The role of the submission was to find out what changes people think they need to make in their home because of getting older. At advanced age, the likelihood of different limitations such as vision impairment, hearing impairment or physical inability is increased. Currently, tenants are often forced to leave their long-term living space, as these spaces cannot serve “new” individual needs. This transition from the privacy of their home to the new environment often appears to be a painful change. They will not have a well-known environment because their homes cannot be adapted to their new needs. The aim is a comprehensive approach to the design of such an exterior and interior space which could serve people at all stages of their life, including the terms of mobility. This means that even if there is an unexpected situation and changes in movement abilities and physiological limitations of man, not only by natural aging, but according to accidents or disabilities we can adapt the living space to the given conditions. The survey results are presented in Germany and Slovakia. In the survey, respondents expressed their opinion on what they considered important in creating an adaptive environment considering various life changes. Results are processed graphically with explanation. The results could be of an interest to architects and designers of the environment. Based on the results of the questionnaire survey, studies of possible modifications of flats and houses were developed. The contribution brought these results to three age groups of respondents; people aged 35, 50 and over 50.

scholarly journals The Role of Destination Experience in the Sustainability of the Image of the Tourist Destination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olimpia Ban ◽  
Adrian Hatos ◽  
Laurențiu Droj ◽  
Carmen Toderascu
Keyword(s):  
Brand Image ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Good Image ◽  
Remarkable Increase ◽  
Dangerous Situation ◽  
Younger Age

The concept of destination image is closely related to the brand image of the destination. A good image is a step in branding the destination. The image of the destination can be a primary, sec-ondary or global one, the latter incorporating the first two. The sustainability of a positive image of the destination is based on both a positive secondary image and a positive global image. The purpose of this research is to analyze separately the two types of images for a given tourist des-tination that has registered in recent years a remarkable increase in the number of visitors. The research is based on a questionnaire-based survey of a sample of 607 people. The collected data were processed with SPSS and the results show significant differences between the two types of images (secondary image and global image), a dangerous situation in the medium and long term for destination management. The nuances in the perception of the image of the destination on the two types of respondents (who experienced respectively who did not experience the destination) can be explained by the aggressive strategy of promoting the tourist destination, but inefficient strategy for younger age groups. The study allows the formulation of conclusions and measures to correct the situation.

scholarly journals KILKA UWAG NA TEMAT ROLI III STATUTU LITEWSKIEGO W WYKŁADZIE PRAWA KRAJOWEGO NA PRZEŁOMIE XVIII I XIX WIEKU

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Sławomir Godek
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lecture Courses ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The University

Some Remarks on the Role of the Third Statute of Lithuania in Courses on National Law at the Turn of the Nineteenth CenturySummary The long-term validity of the Third Lithuanian Statute of 1588 is a factor often highlighted in the scientific literature devoted to the history of the Lithuanian-Russian lands. The two and a half centuries that the codex operated have left a lasting imprint on the legal relations of these vast territories. In Belarusian lands once belonging the Republic and separated from it by the First Partition, the Statute was abolished as a consequence of the repression after the November Uprising in 1831. In the western and south-western guberniyas, the Statute survived somewhat longer; it was repealed in 1840. In academic circles, both Polish and international, the post-Partition fate of the Lithuanian codex has not yet been clarified. It seems that one aspect which is worth paying attention to in studies on the condition of the Statute after the Partitions is its role in the teaching of law in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Surviving sources, in form of the lecture courses, students’ notes, reports intended for educational authorities and examination tables leave no doubt that the Statute of Lithuania was the very basis of national law lecture courses, both at the University of Vilnius, as well as at the High School and then Lyceum in Kremenets and the Academy of Polotsk. In the lectures of Adam Powstański, Ignacy Danilowicz, Aleksander Korowicki, Józef Jaroszewicz, Ignacy Ołdakowski, and Aleksander Mickiewicz, the Statute was always depicted as one of the most important sources of national law, which maintained its currency, and whose provisions were cited most frequently to illustrate the legal institutions under discussion.

scholarly journals The role of electrotherapy in reducing the pain of patients with knee osteoarthritis during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 512-515
Author(s):  
Elisabeta ANTONESCU ◽  
Sînziana Călina SILIŞTEANU ◽  
Maria TOTAN
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Painful Symptom ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Physical Dysfunction ◽  
Recovery Treatment

Introduction. Osteoarthritis is considered to be the most common form of arthritis and a leading disability cause worldwide, especially due to the painful symptom. The latter is a clinical marker in evaluating the limits of joint mobility and therefore, the pain reduction is a goal of the recovery treatment for patients with knee osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to show whether the pain phenomenon characteristic of knee osteoarthritis can be reduced by electrotherapy, even in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and method. The study lasted 5 months and included 171 patients diagnosed clinically and radiologically with knee osteoarthritis. The followed parameters were pain, physical dysfunction in daily activities, anxiety and quality of life. Results and discussions. The two groups of studied patients were homogeneous in terms of weight by gender and age groups. The evaluation of patients according to scales enabled the registration of statistically significant values, the value of p <0.05, which explains the validation of the working hypothesis. The feeling of pain is closely related to the level of anxiety. Conclusions. Analgesic electrotherapy significantly reduced the pain syndrome of the patients for whom it was used. It has been shown that the patients' anxiety can influence the pain phenomenon. Given the conditions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the anxiety of the patients who were in the outpatient department to receive recovery treatment was increased, but after the recovery treatment there was a decrease, so these patients' quality of life increased. Keywords: pain, analgesic electrotherapy, knee osteoarthritis, recovery treatment,

scholarly journals Who drinks more in Sweden? A study on consumption trends among men and women and in various age groups during 1990–2002

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 159-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Leifman
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pure Alcohol ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

This study examines trends in alcohol consumption in Sweden from 1990 to 2002, with the emphasis on the period after 1995 with Sweden as a member of the European Union (EU). The specific aim of the study is to study gender-specific and age-specific trends in self-reported consumption by means of five general population surveys conducted between 1990 and 2002. Trends in the proportion of high consumers were also studied. Alcohol sales and estimates of unrecorded consumption indicate that Swedish per capita alcohol consumption (per person aged 15 or older) rose by approximately 27 per cent, from 7.8 litres of pure alcohol in 1990 to 9.9 litres in 2002. Approximately 90 per cent of this increase has occurred since 1996. Analyses of self-reported consumption from survey data confirm this trend with more than a 30 per cent increase for both genders (aged 16–75 years) since 1996. Among women, this is mainly due to increased wine consumption, and among men to augmented consumption of wine as well as beer. Furthermore, the proportion of high consumers has increased – and more so than the per capita consumption. The study also shows that changes in consumption during the period of 1990 to 2002 differ for the various gender-and age-specific groups. Among women, for in-stance, the increase since 1996 has been strongest for the oldest women (50–75 years of age), and since 1998 statistically significant only among this group. The weakest, and thus not statistically significant, increase has occurred among women between the ages of 30 and 49. It is important to track the changes not only among men and women and various age groups, but also in the different sub-groups of the population, since changes in per capita consumption are strongly related to changes in different alcohol-related problems. Other groups of importance are e.g. various social classes (including the long-term unemployed and people on long-term disability benefits), regions, family units and, not least, different drinking groups, including high consumers. Improved knowledge of how consumption changes in different socio-demo-graphic groups will also improve our understanding of the causes and mechanisms behind changes in alcohol consumption in society.

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