scholarly journals Production and Thermal Characterization of Ethanol Blends from Black Jaggery

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5398-5401
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
Alternate Fuels

To protect the environment from the global warming dependency on the fossil fuels have to be reduced. Locally available alternate fuels are greatly prominent for the development of industrialization compared to conventional fuels. This paper mainly deals with the production of Ethanol from a source called “Black Jaggery” and an Optimization of the extracted alcohol to attain the characteristics and properties which would be essential to blend the alcohol with an existing fossil fuel. Black Jaggery being a sugar-based product is fermented in the presence of a yeast enzyme for several days and is distilled to extract the bio-fuel (ethanol) from the source. The extracted oil is characterized for the thermal properties by using thermal constant analyzer TPS-500 which will be helpful for the combustion studies. Obtained results shows that compared to E-5, E-10 and E-20, E-15 blend shows better thermal properties increased thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity with reduced specific heat.

A Phase-Sensitive Technique for the Thermal Characterization of Dielectric Thin Films

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Indermuehle ◽  
R. B. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Dielectric Thin Films ◽  
Phase Sensitive

A phase-sensitive measurement technique for determining two independent thermal properties of a thin dielectric film is presented. The technique involves measuring a specimen’s front surface temperature response to a periodic heating signal over a range of frequencies. The phase shift of the temperature response is fit to an analytical model using thermal diffusivity and effusivity as fitting parameters, from which the thermal conductivity and specific heat can be calculated. The method has been applied to 1.72-μm thick films of SiO2 thermally grown on a silicon substrate. Thermal properties were obtained through a temperature range from 25°C to 300°C. One interesting outcome stemming from analysis of the experimental data is the ability to extract both thermal conductivity and specific heat of a thin film from phase information alone. The properties obtained with this method are slightly below the bulk values for fused silica with a measured room temperature (25°C) thermal conductivity of 1.28 ± 0.12 W/m-K.

scholarly journals Thermal Characterization of Phantoms Used for Quality Assurance of Deep Hyperthermia Systems

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4549
Author(s):  
Laura Farina ◽  
Kemal Sumser ◽  
Gerard van Rhoon ◽  
Sergio Curto
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Volumetric Heat Capacity ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Protocol Optimization ◽  
Thermal Measurements ◽  
Deep Hyperthermia

Tissue mimicking phantoms are frequently used in hyperthermia applications for device and protocol optimization. Unfortunately, a commonly experienced limitation is that their precise thermal properties are not available. Therefore, in this study, the thermal properties of three currently used QA phantoms for deep hyperthermia are measured with an “off-shelf” commercial thermal property analyzer. We have measured averaged values of thermal conductivity (k = 0.59 ± 0.07 Wm−1K−1), volumetric heat capacity (C = 3.85 ± 0.45 MJm−3K−1) and thermal diffusivity (D = 0.16 ± 0.02 mm2s−1). These values are comparable with reported values of internal organs, such as liver, kidney and muscle. In addition, a sensitivity study of the performance of the commercial sensor is conducted. To ensure correct thermal measurements, the sample under test should entirely cover the length of the sensor, and a minimum of 4 mm of material parallel to the sensor in all directions should be guaranteed.

Mechanical and thermal characterization of grafted PP-NCC nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571987822
Author(s):  
Saud Aldajah ◽  
Mohammad Y Al-Haik ◽  
Waseem Siddique ◽  
Mohammad M Kabir ◽  
Yousef Haik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This study reveals the enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP- g-MA) with the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). A nanocomposite was manufactured by blending various percentages of PP, MA, and NCC nanoparticles by means of a twin-screw extruder. The influence of varying the percentages of NCC on the mechanical and thermal behavior of the nanocomposite was studied by performing three-point bending, nanoindentation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests. The novelty of this study stems on the NCC nanoparticles and their ability to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of PP. Three-point bending and nanoindentation tests revealed improvement in the mechanical properties in terms of strength, modulus, and hardness of the PP- g-MA nanocomposites as the addition of NCC increased. SEM showed homogeneity between the mixtures which proved the presence of interfacial adhesion between the PP- g-MA incorporated with NCC nanoparticles that was confirmed by the FTIR results. DSC and TGA measurements showed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was not compromised due to the addition of the coupling agent and reinforced nanoparticles.

Effect of polycyclosilane microstructure on thermal properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifeng Jiang ◽  
Sydnee Wong ◽  
Rebekka S Klausen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Phase Properties

Thermal characterization of polysilanes has focused on the influence of organic side chains, whereas little is understood about the influence of silane backbone microstructure on thermal stability, phase properties, and...

Evaluation of Thermal Characterization Techniques and Tools for Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Sub 100 Angstrom Thick Silicon Layers

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keivan Etessam-Yazdani ◽  
Mehdi Asheghi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Phonon Transport ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Silicon Structures ◽  
Thin Silicon ◽  
20 Nm

Experimental measurement of thermal conductivity is considered the most reliable tool for the study of phonon transport in ultra-thin silicon structures. While there has been a great success in thermal conductivity measurement of ultra-thin silicon layers down to 20 nm over the past decade, it is not clear if the existing techniques and tools can be extended to the measurements of sun 100 Angstrom layers. In this paper, an analytical study of the feasibility of electrical Joule heating and thermometry in patterned metal bridges is presented. It is concluded that thermal conductivity of silicon layers as thin as 5 nm can be obtained (uncertainty 20%) by performing steady-state measurements using an on-substrate nanoheater structure. The thermal characterization of silicon layers as thin as 1 nm may be possible using frequency domain measurements.

scholarly journals Compressive strength and thermal properties of spark plasma sintered Al-Al2O3 nanocomposite

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouari Saheb ◽  
Muhammad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma

In this work, compressive and thermal properties of aluminum, milled aluminum, and Al-10Al2O3 composite processed via ball milling (BM) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) were investigated. The microstructural features of powders and sintered samples were characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy. A universal testing machine was used to determine the compressive properties of the consolidated samples. The thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion of the developed materials were characterized using a hot disc thermal constant analyzer and a dilatometer, respectively. The Al-10Al2O3 composite possessed hardness of 1309.7 MPa, yield strength of 311.4 MPa, and compressive strength of 432.87 MPa compared to hardness of 326.3 MPa, yield strength of 74.33 MPa, and compressive strength of 204.43 MPa for aluminum. The Al-10Al2O3 composite had thermal conductivity value 81.42 W/mK compared to value of 198.09 W/mK for aluminum. In the temperature range from 373 K to 723 K, the composite had lower CTEs ranging from 10 ? 10?6 to 22 ? 10?6/K compared to 20 ? 10?6 to 30 ? 10?6/K for aluminum.

Influence of Mesocarp Fibre Inclusion on Thermal Properties of Foamed Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Siti Shahirah Suhaili ◽  
Md Azree Othuman Mydin ◽  
Hanizam Awang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Volume Fractions ◽  
Foamed Concrete

The addition of mesocarp fibre as a bio-composite material in foamed concrete can be well used in building components to provide energy efficiency in the buildings if the fibre could also offer excellent thermal properties to the foamed concrete. It has practical significance as making it a suitable material for building that can reduce heat gain through the envelope into the building thus improved the internal thermal comfort. Hence, the aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of different volume fractions of mesocarp fibre on thermal properties of foamed concrete. The mesocarp fibre was prepared with 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% by volume fraction and then incorporated into the 600, 1200 and 1800 kg/m3 density of foamed concrete with constant cement-sand ratio of 1:1.5 and water-cement ratio of 0.45. Hot disk thermal constant analyser was used to attain the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat capacity of foamed concrete of various volume fractions and densities. From the experimental results, it had shown that addition of mesocarp fibre of 10-40% by volume fraction resulting in low thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity and high the thermal diffusivity of foamed concrete with 600 and 1800 kg/m3 density compared to the control mix while the optimum amount of mesocarp fibre only limit up to 30% by volume fraction for 1200 kg/m3 density compared to control mix. The results demonstrated a very high correlation between thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat capacity which R2 value more than 90%.

scholarly journals Thermal characterization of different graphite polystyrene

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á. Lakatos ◽  
I. Deák ◽  
U. Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Insulating Materials ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Vacuum Insulation ◽  
Study Laboratory

The development of high performance insulating materials incorporating nanotechnologies has enabled considerable decrease in the effective thermal conductivity. Besides the use of conventional insulating materials, such as mineral fibers, the adoption of new nano-technological materials such as aerogel, vacuum insulation panels, graphite expanded polystyrene, is growing. In order to reduce the thermal conductivity of polystyrene insulation materials, during the manufacturing, nano/micro-sized graphite particles are added to the melt of the polystyrene grains. The mixing of graphite flakes into the polystyrene mould further reduces the lambda value, since graphite parts significantly reflect the radiant part of the thermal energy. In this study, laboratory tests carried out on graphite insulation materials are presented. Firstly, thermal conductivity results are described, and then sorption kinetic curves at high moisture content levels are shown. The moisture up-taking behaviour of the materials was investigated with a climatic chamber where the relative humidity was 90% at 293 K temperature. Finally, calorific values of the samples are presented after combusting in a bomb calorimeter.

scholarly journals Catalytic Production of Jet Fuels from Biomass

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Antonio Díaz-Pérez ◽  
Juan Carlos Serrano-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
The World

Concerns about depleting fossil fuels and global warming effects are pushing our society to search for new renewable sources of energy with the potential to substitute coal, natural gas, and petroleum. In this sense, biomass, the only renewable source of carbon available on Earth, is the perfect replacement for petroleum in producing renewable fuels. The aviation sector is responsible for a significant fraction of greenhouse gas emissions, and two billion barrels of petroleum are being consumed annually to produce the jet fuels required to transport people and goods around the world. Governments are pushing directives to replace fossil fuel-derived jet fuels with those derived from biomass. The present mini review is aimed to summarize the main technologies available today for converting biomass into liquid hydrocarbon fuels with a molecular weight and structure suitable for being used as aviation fuels. Particular emphasis will be placed on those routes involving heterogeneous catalysts.

Preparation and Characterization of GNP/Nylon Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Feng Xu ◽  
Zhi Dan Lin ◽  
Jiang Ming Chen ◽  
Jun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Blending Method

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and nylon (PA) have been often used as thermal filler and matrix and respectively to produce composites. In this work, PA6/PA66/GNP thermal composites were prepared via a melt blending method. Mechanical properties, morphology, and thermal properties of PA6/PA66/GNP composites were investigated. Because the GNP is very expensive, we investigated to use Al2O3 and graphite and examined the characteristics of the prepared composites. Thermal conductivity values of PA6/PA66/GNP composites remarkably increased with increase of GNP contents mainly via layered dispersion in nylon matrix. The thermal conductivity of composite containing 50 wt % of GNP was measured as 5.03 W·m–1·K–1 at 30 °C, indicating an increase of more than 15 times compared with that of the neat PA6. When the Al2O3 was replaced for GNP, the thermal conductivity of composites decreased, but the mechanical properties improved. When graphite was used to replace for GNP, thermal conductivity basically remained unchanged but mechanical properties decreased.

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