scholarly journals Prognostics and Secure Health Management (PSHM) of Electronic Systems in Zero-Trust Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Khemani ◽  
Michael Azarian ◽  
Michael Pecht
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Information Leakage ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Hardware Trojans ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Manufacturing Facilities ◽  
Detection Mechanisms ◽  
Do So

The Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) of electronic systems has reached high levels of maturity, with both generic and system-specific PHM techniques available. While these techniques are able to detect naturally occurring faults and predict their impact on the system lifetime, they might not be able to do so if the faults are maliciously induced. Maliciously induced faults could be due to hardware threats; i.e., electronic products that are recycled, remarked, defective, cloned, or tampered (through the insertion of hardware trojans). Increased outsourcing in the fabrication of electronic products has made them susceptible to the insertion of hardware threats in untrusted manufacturing facilities. In many cases, hardware threats are more destructive than software ones as they cannot be remedied by a software patch and are difficult to remove. Hardware threats can cause undesired system behavior such as information leakage, functional failure, maliciously induced aging, etc. The proliferation of hardware threats could outpace the implementation of their detection mechanisms. This might lead to a scenario where all products manufactured by untrusted manufacturing facilities are suspect until verified otherwise. This has parallels to Zero-Trust Architecture, a network security concept developed to help prevent data breaches by removing the notion of trust from an organization's network architecture.  To extend the concept of Zero-Trust Architecture from the network to the hardware domain and to ensure hardware security, a paradigm shift from PHM to PSHM (Prognostics and Secure Health Management) is needed. This paper lays out a compelling case for the need for this shift and how the PHM community can adapt its research to ensure the safe, reliable, and secure operation of systems in this challenging new environment.

A Survey of Sensor Technologies for Prognostics and Health Management of Electronic Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 2229-2232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xue Yang ◽  
Zhe Chen ◽  
Feng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Prognostics And Health Management ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
System Failures

Recently, the field of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) for electronic products and systems has received increasing attention due to the potentialities to provide early warning of system failures, reduce life cycle costs, and forecast maintenance as needed. This paper introduces the sensors and their sensor technologies. The required attributes of sensors for the development for PHM of electronics are discussed. Finally, their trends in sensor systems are presented.

‘SMART’ ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS FOR CONDITION-BASED HEALTH MANAGEMENT

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kelkar ◽  
A. Dasgupta ◽  
M. Pecht ◽  
I. Knowles ◽  
M. Hawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Electronic Systems

Prognostics and Health Management of Mechanical Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 872-875
Author(s):  
Jiang Chang ◽  
Fang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Smart Sensors ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Prognostics And Health Management ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Embedded Sensing ◽  
Safety Critical Systems ◽  
Self Test

Reliability is an important issue to consider for mechanical systems. The state of art is regular checkup and maintenance to ensure normal operations. This is not good enough for safety-critical systems like gearboxes in vehicles and helicopters because the risk of system failure still exists, let alone the manpower and monetary cost required. Prognostics and health management (PHM) was first raised by the U.S. armed force, which should ideally be able to predict faults and schedule maintenance only when necessary by monitoring the system condition. In this paper, inspired by the idea of Built-In Self Test (BIST) in electronic systems, we propose a novel framework to fulfill the task of prognostics and health management with a set of smart sensors, consisting of embedded sensing elements, wireless communication modules and micro-controllers. Both the significance and challenges of the framework are discussed.

A New Fault Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Networks on Chip

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-85
Author(s):  
Chakib Nehnouh ◽  
Mohamed Senouci
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Transient Faults ◽  
Networks On Chip ◽  
Congestion Detection ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Detection Mechanisms ◽  
Correct Data

To provide correct data transmission and to handle the communication requirements, the routing algorithm should find a new path to steer packets from the source to the destination in a faulty network. Many solutions have been proposed to overcome faults in network-on-chips (NoCs). This article introduces a new fault-tolerant routing algorithm, to tolerate permanent and transient faults in NoCs. This solution called DINRA can satisfy simultaneously congestion avoidance and fault tolerance. In this work, a novel approach inspired by Catnap is proposed for NoCs using local and global congestion detection mechanisms with a hierarchical sub-network architecture. The evaluation (on reliability, latency and throughput) shows the effectiveness of this approach to improve the NoC performances compared to state of art. In addition, with the test module and fault register integrated in the basic architecture, the routers are able to detect faults dynamically and re-route packets to fault-free and congestion-free zones.

scholarly journals Modeling of Failure Probability for Reliability and Component Reuse of Electric and Electronic Equipment

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2843
Author(s):  
Massimo Conti ◽  
Simone Orcioni
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Failure Probability ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Fault Models ◽  
Component Reuse ◽  
Electronic Products

Recently, the concept of “circular economy”, the design for end-of-life, the problem of reduction of waste of electronic and electrical equipment are becoming more and more important. The design of electronic systems for end-of-life considers the possibility of their repair, reuse and recycle, in order to reduce waste. This work proposes a new accurate model of failure probability density, that includes the failure probability of a used component in new equipment. The model has been tested, in conjunction with the International Electrotechnical Commission and Telcordia standard, in real industrial production. Eight years of historical faults have been analyzed and used to derive the fault models of the components. The model and analysis have been used for the analysis of real electronic products. The reuse of components could make an improvement to the reliability of the equipment.

scholarly journals Steroids and hematopoiesis. III. The response of granulocytic and erythroid colony-forming cells to steroids of different classes

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Singer ◽  
JW Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Granulocytic Colony ◽  
In Vitro Response ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Do So

Selected androgenic and nonandrogenic steroids enhance in vitro granulocytic and erythroid colony formation by mouse marrow cells, but do so by influencing either different target cells or cells in different states of cell cycle. Etiocholanolone, a naturally occurring nonandrogenic testosterone metabolite, permits cells not in active cycle to respond to colony-stimulating factor or erythropoietin. Fluoxymesterone, a synthetic androgen, appears to enhance colony growth by increasing the responsiveness of target cells to tropic stimuli. The majority of cells responding to this androgen are in active DNA synthesis. Direct comparison, however, of etiocholanolone-dependent erythroid or granulocytic colony-forming cells demonstrates nonidentity of the target cells. Thus colony-forming units responding to different classes of steroids are in different states of cell cycle and are physically separable. The enhancement of the in vitro response of colony-forming cells to regulating hormones by steroids such as etiocholanolane suggests a mechanism by which such agents may be therapeutically effective in certain cases of marrow failure in man.

scholarly journals Deep learning regression model for antimicrobial peptide design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Witten ◽  
Zack Witten
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Neural Network Architecture ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Learning Techniques

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring or synthetic peptides that show promise for treating antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Machine learning techniques are increasingly used to identify naturally occurring AMPs, but there is a dearth of purely computational methods to design novel effective AMPs, which would speed AMP development. We collected a large database, Giant Repository of AMP Activities (GRAMPA), containing AMP sequences and associated MICs. We designed a convolutional neural network to perform combined classification and regression on peptide sequences to quantitatively predict AMP activity against Escherichia coli. Our predictions outperformed the state of the art at AMP classification and were also effective at regression, for which there were no publicly available comparisons. We then used our model to design novel AMPs and experimentally demonstrated activity of these AMPs against the pathogens E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Data, code, and neural network architecture and parameters are available at https://github.com/zswitten/Antimicrobial-Peptides.

The Response of Portable Electronics to Transient Conditions of Temperature and Humidity

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Punch ◽  
Ronan Grimes ◽  
Greg Heaslip ◽  
Timo Galkin ◽  
Kyo¨sti Va¨keva¨inen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Conference ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Humidity Response ◽  
Portable Electronics ◽  
Material Migration ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Transient Variations

The design of portable electronic systems for use in hot and humid conditions represents a significant design challenge for packaging engineers. Humidity drives a range of failure mechanisms: the alteration of material properties; hygro-mechanical stress phenomena; and the acceleration of corrosion and material migration. Moreover, portable electronic products such as mobile phones, CD players and digital cameras can experience rapidly varying conditions of temperature and humidity which, in certain conditions, can cause condensation to form on the internal and external surfaces of the product. Condensation — or even very high relative humidity — is a severe stimulus because it greatly accelerates corrosion and migration mechanisms. This paper considers the response of portable electronics to transient variations of temperature and humidity in order to assess the conditions under which condensation is likely to occur. A first-order coupled hygrothermal model is developed to represent the temperature and humidity response of a typical portable product using simple time constants. Experimental characterisation of a sample product is performed to evaluate the parameters of the model, and it is demonstrated how movement from one environment to another can precipitate condensation.   This paper was also originally published as part of the Proceedings of the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems.

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