scholarly journals Movements activity of the Baikal seal according to satellite tagging data

Trudy VNIRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
M.A. Solovyeva ◽  
◽  
G.U. Pilipenko ◽  
D.M. Glazov ◽  
V.A. Peterfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Satellite Tagging ◽  
Ice Period ◽  
Observation Period

In this article presented new data about movements activity of the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica) — endemic of the Lake Baikal, obtained using satellite telemetry from July 2019 to March 2020. The average distances during the day was 9.9 ± 2.7 SE km for females, 17.0 ± 2.1 km for males, range of movements during the observation period was up to 5459 km for females and up to 8220 km for males. The most active movements occurred in August and December for males and in November for females. In October, males and females moved the least actively, which may be associated with their movement to shallow, rapidly freezing bays and sores. A sharp decline in activity also took place in January-February, when seals probably began a “settlement” ice period. Data consistent with previous tagging of subadult Baikal seals in 1990–1991. We obtained lower values of covered distances and average indicators for the month for females compared to males. However, we not found statistically significant differences between males and females, and question of differences in movement between subadult males and females still open.

scholarly journals Trends in infective endocarditis mortality in the United Kingdom and EU 15+ countries between 1990–2019: an analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases database

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hammond-Haley ◽  
A Hartley ◽  
A J Delago ◽  
R Goodall ◽  
D Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
International Variation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Joinpoint Regression Analysis ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background Infective Endocarditis (IE) is a relatively uncommon but lethal condition, with no convincing evidence to date of improving mortality trends (1). The epidemiology of IE is complex, driven by a wide range of constantly evolving factors. While marked international variation has been recently reported (2), temporal trends in mortality over recent decades remain unclear. Purpose To describe trends in IE mortality in high income countries over the last 30 years. Methods Age-standardised mortality rates (ASMR) for IE, stratified by sex, were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database (3) between 1990 and 2019. The United Kingdom and selected countries with comparable health expenditure (EU15+ countries) were included. Relative changes in ASMR over the observation period were determined and trends were analysed using Joinpoint regression analysis. Results Between 1990–2019 ASMR from IE increased for both sexes in all included countries except Finland (−20.1% in males, −15.1% in females) and Austria (−8.98% in males, −22.6% in females). The largest increase in ASMR in males was observed in Greece (+197%), while the largest increase in females was observed in Italy (246%). Joinpoint regression analysis identified multiple significant trends within this observation period (Figure 1; clear squares indicate males, filled circles indicate females and lines represent modelled trends based on joinpoint data). At the end of the observation period the Netherlands had the highest ASMR in both males and females (2.28/100,000 in males and 2.37/100,000 in females), while Finland had the lowest ASMR in both males and females (0.45/100,000 and 0.23/100,000 respectively). Conclusions Significant international variation in IE mortality rates were observed. While mortality from IE has generally increased over the last 30 years, recent data suggest this trend may now be plateauing or even reversing in certain countries. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1

scholarly journals Pop-up archival satellite tagging of Carcharias taurus: movements and depth/temperature-related use of south-eastern Australian waters

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Otway ◽  
M. T. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
North Coast ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Acoustic Tags ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Satellite Tagging ◽  
Migratory Movements ◽  
North And South ◽  
Carcharias Taurus

Knowledge of migratory movements and depth/temperature-related use of coastal waters by sharks can lead to more sustainable fisheries and assist in managing the long-term conservation of those species now considered threatened. Pop-up archival satellite tags (PATs) provide an alternative to conventional tagging for documenting migratory movements. This study focussed on the migratory movements of Carcharias taurus, a critically endangered shark found along the east coast of Australia. From October 2003 to July 2008, 15 C. taurus individuals were tagged with PATs with varying deployments (60–150 days) and acoustic tags linked to an acoustic monitoring system providing accurate geo-location. Distances moved by C. taurus individuals ranged from 5 to 1550 km and varied according to sex and season. Migrations north and south were punctuated en route by occupation of sites for varying periods of time. The deepest depth recorded was 232 m off South West Rocks on the New South Wales mid-north coast. On average, C. taurus males and females spent at least 71% of their time in waters <40 m and 95% of their time in waters 17–24°C. By mainly occupying inshore waters, C. taurus is exposed to potentially adverse fishing-related interactions that may be difficult to mitigate.

scholarly journals Feed consumption by minks of different behavioral types

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
M. A. Stepanova ◽  
Z. N. Alekseeva ◽  
O. V. Trapezov
Keyword(s):  
American Mink ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Female Aggressors ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Type Of Behavior ◽  
Observation Period

The main goal of the work was to determine the attitude of the American mink to feed consumption, depending on the genotype and behavior. The object of research was American mink (Neovison vison) of cell breeding of three different genotypes: Standard dark brown (+/ +), Hedlundwhite (h/ h) and Black crystal (CR/ +). Groups of animals were initially assessed on aggressive and manual behavior using a special hand catch test method. The duration of the work was 30 days. All animals received a unified ratio according to the recommended norms. Daily feed was weighed before distribution (190 g per 1 head to females and 250 g to males) and the amount of feed consumed a day per group and per 1 head was determined from the remains. The feed consumption was assessed by the indicator of the feed consumed by males and females of different genotypes and behavior. Comparison of the data was carried out using Student t-test. As the temperature factor influences the feed consumption, the feed intake by minks of different genotypes was assessed over seven-day periods. It was found that in the first observation period there was no difference in the amount of feed consumed by females. However, in the second period, aggressive Hedlund females consumed more than females of the black crystal genotype. In the same period, the females of the black crystal genotype showed the lowest feed consumption in comparison with the standard and Hedlund females. In the third period, Hedlund females consumed the largest amount of feed among aggressor females in comparison with the genotypes Standard and Black Crystal. There are no differences in feed consumption by males of different genotypes for the same periods. Over the entire study period, female aggressors of genotypes Standard and Hedlund consumed more feed than females of the tame type of behavior. The tame males of the standard genotype consumed more feed than the aggressive ones. There were no differences in feed consumption by minks of different behavior of the black crystal genotype.

Technical contribution: Use of continuous recording video monitoring of maintenance and pain behaviors in piglets after surgical castration to validate six continuous time sampling periods for behavior scoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivelisse Robles ◽  
Rachel M Park ◽  
Catie M Cramer ◽  
Brooklyn K Wagner ◽  
Luis E Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Time Sampling ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Castration is a painful procedure routinely performed on piglets. Specific periods relative to castration and time sampling rules are used widely to quantify deviations in piglet’s behavior associated with castration rather than assessing behavior for the entire trial period. However, very limited work has evaluated time sampling recording rules to quantify behavioral changes to piglets undergoing castration. Therefore, the objective of this study was to validate the accuracy of six continuous time sampling periods (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 45 min), to quantify piglet behavior post-castration when compared with a full 60 min observation period. Sixteen Yorkshire-Landrace x Duroc piglets were surgically castrated. Data was collected using continuous observation (recording rule) of each individual male piglet per litter for 60 min post-castration. The 60 min continuous behavioral data set was then subdivided into six data subsets for each defined continuous time sampling period (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 45 min). Data from each continuous time sampling period and the full period data were analyzed using both a generalized linear mixed model and linear regression analysis. For the generalized linear mixed model, 30 and 45 min continuous time sampling periods were not different (P &gt; 0.05) when compared with the full observation period data for all behaviors. For the linear regression analysis, affiliative interaction, sitting, walking, huddled up, prostrated, scratching, spasms, and trembling behaviors met the pairwise comparison accuracy criteria [1) the coefficient of determination (R 2) was &gt; than 0.90, 2) the intercept did not differ from 0 (P &gt; 0.05), and 3) the slope did not differ from 1 (P &gt; 0.05)] at the 45 min continuous time sampling period compared to full observation period. Results from this study suggest that a 45 min continuous time sampling period would be necessary to accurately investigate piglet behavior during the acute pain sensitivity time post-castration when considering both maintenance and pain associated behaviors.

Dynamics of microalgae development in the under-ice period in Southern Baikal

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Maria V. Bashenkhaeva ◽  
Yulia R. Zakharova ◽  
Yelena V. Likhoshway
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Spring Peak ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Ice Period ◽  
South Baikal

Spring peak of phytoplankton vegetation in Lake Baikal starts in under-ice period. This article presents the results of a study of the microalgae composition at the “ice – water” phases in different ecological zones in South Baikal over five years.

scholarly journals Shared nomenclature and identifiers for telescopes and instruments

2018 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Perret ◽  
Mireille Louys ◽  
Mihaela Buga ◽  
Soizick Lesteven
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Virtual Observatory ◽  
Spectral Coverage ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Telescope Facility ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
Observation Period

In the context of sharing public data, science results are expected to be reproducible and therefore we need full traceability of the origin of the data. On the documentalist side, there is a need to relate instrumental origins to the published data. We propose to define a shared nomenclature to index each publication with unique designations for facilities, telescopes and instruments which could benefit from the Virtual Observatory work on semantics. This would help the documentalists to check the consistency of the instrument description in publications or make it more explicit. Observation period, data quality and spectral coverage, for instance, may be checked by referencing a global instrumentation service which gathers the nominal observation parameters for the telescope/facility/instrument involved. Based on this indexation mechanism, then the bibliographic metrics for telescope /instrument usage would be easy to compute, and tracking services like the ESO telescope bibliography database (TelBib) or others would be easier to feed. This paper traces the existing initiatives and gives the example of a facility description framework reusing Virtual Observatory metadata which could be fed by the community.

scholarly journals What you think is not what they get: significant discrepancies between prescribed and administered doses of tube feeding

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina W. J. H. van den Broek ◽  
Ellen L. Rasmussen-Conrad ◽  
Anton H. J. Naber ◽  
Geert J. A. Wanten
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Academic Hospital ◽  
Enteral Tube Feeding ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Period Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Observation Period

Enteral tube feeding remains an indispensible strategy to treat disease-related malnutrition. In the present study we evaluated in clinical practice whether prescribed feeding volumes correspond with administered quantities and we highlight possible causes for discrepancies. During a 4-month observation period data from all patients fully depending on tube feeding (1·5–2·5 litres/d) were collected in a Dutch 900-bed academic hospital. The range for administered feeds to be adequate was set at 100 ± 10 % of the prescribed dose. Fifty-five patients (mean age 57 (sd 30) years) were included. Tube feeding was given continuously via pump (n 37) or drip (n 3), in portions (n 14) or by combined modes (n 1). Administered tube feeding amounts were significantly lower than prescribed in 40 % of all patients (P ≤ 0·001). The mean ratio of administered v. prescribed energy was 87 (sd 21) % (all modes), 85 (sd 24) % (pump), 94 (sd 12) % (portions) and 88·3 (sd 18·1) % (drip), respectively. The mean energy deficit amounted to 1089 kJ/d (range − 7955 to +795). Only on intensive care unit wards did feeding administration meet the set goal. Feeding interruptions because of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures were the main reason for decreased intakes. Our findings show that many patients relying on tube feeding do not meet their nutritional goals during hospital stay. This problem can be addressed by adapting feeding schedules and the use of formulations with a higher energy density.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Analysis of Virioplankton from the Pelagic Zone of Lake Baikal

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Potapov ◽  
Irina V. Tikhonova ◽  
Andrey Yu. Krasnopeev ◽  
Marsel R. Kabilov ◽  
Aleksey E. Tupikin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Viral Communities ◽  
Ice Period

This study describes two viral communities from the world’s oldest lake, Lake Baikal. For the analysis, we chose under-ice and late spring periods of the year as the most productive for Lake Baikal. These periods show the maximum seasonal biomass of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton, which are targets for viruses, including bacteriophages. At that time, the main group of viruses were tailed bacteriophages of the order Caudovirales that belong to the families Myoviridae, Siphoviridae and Podoviridae. Annotation of functional genes revealed that during the under-ice period, the “Phages, Prophages, Transposable Elements and Plasmids” (27.4%) category represented the bulk of the virome. In the late spring period, it comprised 9.6% of the virome. We assembled contigs by two methods: Separately assembled in each virome or cross-assembled. A comparative analysis of the Baikal viromes with other aquatic environments indicated a distribution pattern by soil, marine and freshwater groups. Viromes of lakes Baikal, Michigan, Erie and Ontario form the joint World’s Largest Lakes clade.

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