OPTIMAL   RATIO   OF MALE AND SEXUAL FEMALE  IN  THE MATING  OF MOINA  MACROCOPA (CRUSTACEA, MONIDAE)

Moina macrocopa is a natural feed that can be cultured to producing ephippia as a bioproduct for fish and shrimp larvae feed. The number of males in the population affects the quality and quantity of ephippia produced. This study was conducted with the purpose of examining the female age in M. macrocopa mating and examining the ratio male-female M. macrocopa in the mating on the quantity and quality of ephippia produced. The treatment in this research was the ratio male-female sex of 1:30, 3:30, 5:30, 7: 30. 9:30., 12:30, 15: 30. Male and female sexual offspring M macrocopa were produced from cultured using a combination of induction factors such as density, feed concentration, kairomones and dissolved oxygen. male and female offspring produced were cultured with a density of 1000 ind/ L. This mating culture was using a container with a volume of water of 2 ml per individual. The results of this study were indicated that mating M. macrocopa using 70-hour old sexual females resulted in the highest ephippia production. Mating M. macrocopa with a sex ratio of 9:30 (male and female sexual) ware resulted in ephippia containing two eggs of 100%, with ephippia hatching degree of 35.4- 38.3%.

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Reproductive potential and nesting effects of Osmia rufa (syn. bicornis) female (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Journal of Apicultural Science ◽

10.1515/jas-2016-0003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 75-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karol Giejdasz ◽

Monika Fliszkiewicz ◽

Andrea Bednárová ◽

Natraj Krishnan

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Reproductive Potential ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Male Offspring ◽

Nesting Behavior ◽

Solitary Bee ◽

Male And Female ◽

Individual Female ◽

The Family ◽

Number Of Cells

Abstract The red mason bee Osmia rufa is a solitary bee belonging to the family Megachilidae, and is prone to nest in aggregations. Each female builds a nest separately in pre-existing cavities such as holes in wood and walls or empty plant stems. This is done by successively setting the cells in a linear series. In this study, we elucidate the nesting behavior and the reproductive potential of a single O. rufa female. The reproductive potential of nesting females was evaluated after the offspring finished development. We observed that an individual female may colonize up to five nest tubes and build 5-34 cells in them (16 on an average). During the nesting time the number of cells decreased with the sequence of nest tubes colonized by one female, which built a maximum of 11 cells in the first occupied nest and 5 cells in the last (fifth nest). Our observations indicated that 40% of nesting females colonized one nest tube as compared to 7% colonizing five nest tubes. Furthermore, in subsequent nest tubes the number of cells with freshly emerged females gradually decreased which was the reverse with males. Thus, the sex ratio (proportion of male and female offspring) may change during the nesting period. The female offspring predominated in the first two nesting tubes, while in the subsequent three tubes male offspring dominated. We also cataloged different causes of reduction in abundance of offspring in O. rufa females such as parasitization or problem associated with moulting.

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Effect of inbreeding on fertility traits in five dog breeds

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/104/2017-cjas ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 118-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joanna Kania-Gierdziewicz ◽

Sylwia Pałka

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Litter Size ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Female Offspring ◽

German Shepherd ◽

Male And Female ◽

Litter Traits ◽

Average Litter Size ◽

Inbreeding Level ◽

Fertility Traits

The aim of the study was to analyze retrospectively the influence of inbreeding on fertility traits in five dog breeds: German Shepherd dog (GSD), Golden (GR) and Labrador (LR) Retrievers, Beagle and the Tatra Shepherd dog (TSD). The data were 436 litters, with the total of 2560 puppies: 1307 males and 1206 females. The parents of the litters were 163 dogs and 228 bitches. For each litter the litter size, number of male and female puppies, sex ratio, and sex difference were calculated. The fixed effects of breed, of litter birth year and linear regression coefficients on litter and parents’ inbreeding were included in the linear model for litter traits. The correlations between litter traits and litter parents’ inbreeding were also estimated. The average litter size was 5.87 (± 2.53) for all breeds. GSD had the smallest average litter size differences in years and the lowest fluctuations of sex ratio with litter size. In other dog breeds those differences were much bigger. The difference between the number of male and female offspring in a litter depended on the breed. The lowest percentage of inbred parents was found for LR, and the highest for TSD. Mating non-inbred animals, in most cases also unrelated, was frequent in all breeds. The inbreeding level of parents had significant influence on the litter traits only for TSD. For the Beagles low, positive and significant correlation between the number of female offspring in a litter and the dam’s inbreeding level and the sex ratio below 0.5 suggests sex ratio disturbance. The correlation coefficients between litter inbreeding and litter size for majority of examined dog breeds were positive but not significant. The conclusion is that in Poland at first obligatory monitoring of the inbreeding level for all breeds should be applied.

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PERBANDINGAN JENIS KELAMIN DAN DIMORFISME SEKSUAL PADA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus goramy) SERTA IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP STRATEGI SELEKSINYA

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur ◽

10.15578/jra.11.4.2016.307-312 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 307 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sularto Sularto ◽

Rita Febrianti ◽

Suharyanto Suharyanto

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Standard Length ◽

Adult Size ◽

Male Fish ◽

Male And Female ◽

Fish Breeding ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Populations ◽

Males And Females ◽

Number Of Males

Ikan gurami (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) pada ukuran dewasa memiliki bentuk morfometrik yang khas khususnya pada ikan jantan, sehingga dapat dibedakan antara ikan jantan dan betina. Ikan gurami jantan memiliki dahi menonjol dan bibir tebal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi rasio kelamin dan perbedaan performa pertumbuhan antara jantan dan betina. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah empat populasi ikan gurami yang berbeda yaitu: Kalimantan Selatan, Jambi, Majalengka, dan Tasikmalaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Pemuliaan Ikan (BPPI), Sukamandi pada bulan Juni 2014 sampai dengan bulan Juli 2015. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah benih ikan gurami keturunan galur murni berasal dari Kalimantan Selatan, Jambi (strain Batanghari), Majalengka, dan Tasikmalaya. Perawatan telur, pemeliharaan benih, dan pembesaran menggunakan prosedur operasional standar BPPI tentang pemeliharaan ikan gurami. Pemeliharaan ikan gurami dilakukan selama 14 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan jenis kelaminnya jumlah ikan gurami betina (67,3%-80,7%) lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan jumlah jantannya (19,3%-32,7%). Setelah mencapai ukuran > 300 g terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan antara ikan jantan dan betina (P<0,05) yakni jantan tumbuh lebih cepat dibandingkan betina pada semua populasi yakni berkisar antara 4,74%-5,67% untuk karakter panjang standar, dan 14,10%-16,52% untuk karakter bobot. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ikan gurami memiliki dimorfisme pertumbuhan. Oleh karena itu, ketika dilakukan seleksi berdasarkan pertumbuhan 10% terbaik didapatkan ikan jantan 55%-80% lebih banyak dibandingkan ikan betina (20%-45%).Adult size of giant gouramy (Osphronemus goramy, Lac.) has a distinctive shape of morphometric particularly in male fish, making it easy to distinguish between male and female fishes. Giant gouramy males have a prominent forehead and thick lips. This study aimed to determine sex ratios and differences in growth performance between males and females. This study used 4 progenies of giant gouramy seed from four different populations, namely: Kalimantan, Jambi, Majalengka, and Tasikmalaya, aged 14 months. Eggs incubations,seed maintenance and grow-out were conducted using Standard Operational Procedures of Research Institute for Fish Breeding (RIFB) about the rearing of giant gouramy. Seed rearing were carried out for 14 months. The results showed that, based upon the sex ratio, the number of female was more than the number of males, contituting females 67.3%–80.7% and males from 19.3% to 32.7% of populations. After reaching the size of > 300 g there were a significant difference in growth between males and females (P <0.05), in which males grew faster than females in all populations between 4.74%–5.67% for the standard length and 14.10%–16.52% for the weight characters. IThis result indicated that giant gouramy have growth dimorphism.Therefore, when the selection conducted based on the best growth of top 10%, it was found that the number of male composing 55%–80% was higher than the number of female which only accounted for 20%–45%.

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REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF POKEA CLAM Batissa violacea var. celebensis, VON MARTENS 1897 AT LASOLO ESTUARY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v9i1.17913 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

. Bahtiar

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Reproductive Pattern ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Fishing Gear ◽

Chi Square ◽

Male And Female ◽

Gonad Maturity ◽

Gonadal Maturity ◽

Traditional Fishing ◽

Number Of Males

Pokea clam Batissa violacea var. celebensis von Martens 1897 that inhabits the substrates of some estuaries in Southeast Sulawesi has a tendency to have different reproductive pattern. The aim of this study was to determine the sex ratio, gonadal maturity stage (TKG), gonadal maturity index (IKG) and the size at first gonad maturity of pokea in Lasolo estuary, Southeast Sulawesi. Samples were randomly collected using a traditional fishing gear called tangge. Sex ratio, TKG, IKG, and the size at first gonad maturity were determined using standard methods and formulas and then analyzed using Chi Square, quantitative description and non-linear regression. The results showed that the number of males were higher than the numbers of females, ranging from 71.85-89.84% and 10.16-28.15%, respectively. Gonadal maturity development of male and female occured simultaneously. Early gonadal maturity stage began in January. Spawning occurs twice, beginning with maturity in April and spawning in May and then again maturity in July and spawning in July until October. IKG values of male and female were relatively the same ranging from 2.56-31.92. The males matured earlier than the females at size 1.95 cm and 2.15 cm, respectively. Keywords: female, gonad, male, clam, maturity, spawning

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No differences in development/quality of embryos cultured in sequential and single-step medium regarding of female age and method of in vitro fertilization: prospective study

10.26226/morressier.573c1511d462b80296c9842e ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Liljana Bacer Kermavner

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Fertilization ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Single Step ◽

Female Age ◽

Vitro Fertilization

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ASSECSSING MOCA TEST IN SUBACUTE STROKE PATIENTS AND COMPARE MOCA VERSUS MMSE

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2016.2.17 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 120-127

Author(s):

Dinh Toan Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Human Life ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Age ◽

Subacute Stroke ◽

Duration Of Illness ◽

Dsm Iv

Background: Dementia after stroke, particularly subacute period is often overlooked. Today the quality of human life is increasingly high, finding scales that have high value for detection of dementia in patients with stroke is increasingly interested. MoCA test is high sensitivity with mild dementia and identify more abnormalities of awareness caused by vascular, but MoCA have not been studied much in Vietnam. Objective: Assessing MoCA test in subacute stroke patients and compare MoCA versus MMSE in these patients. Subjects: 90 patients with subacute stroke period, these people are being treated at Department of cardiovascular internal medicine at Hue Central Hospital, from 7/2014 - 7/2015. Methods: cross-sectional description and analysis. Results: The mean age is 65.57 ± 13.38, accounting for 54.4% male and 45.6% female. Age, duration of illness has weak correlation with MoCA. The risk factors: hypertension, stroke ischemic transient, alcoholism, smoking, heart disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia related no statistical significance with MoCA. The proportion of dementia in subacute stroke according MoCA is 82.2%. The concordance between MoCA and MMSE was good (kappa = 0.684). Using DSM-IV criteria as the gold standard we found MoCA more valuable in the dementia diagnosis than MMSE (AUC 0.864 versus 0.774, p <0.05). Conclusion: The rate of dementia in stroke subacute period according MoCA is quite high. MoCA is valuable than MMSE in detecting dementia in patients with stroke subacute period, this scale is short, easy to implement so should put into using widely in clinical practice. Key words: MoCA test, subacute stroke, dementia

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A New Life for the St. Croix River

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1988.044 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 568-577

Author(s):

Harold S. Bailey

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Discharge Rate ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Regulated River ◽

Secondary Treatment ◽

Pulp And Paper Mill ◽

Oxygen Regime ◽

Oxygen Concentrations

Abstract The water quality of the upper 110 kilometres of the St. Croix River is considered to be pristine. A major industrial discharge renders the lower 14 kilometres of the river a water quality limited segment. Prior to 1970 the Georgia-Pacific Pulp and Paper Mill at Woodland, Maine, discharged untreated effluent directly into the river causing dissolved oxygen concentrations to drop well below 5 mg/L, the objective chosen in the interest of restoring endemic fish populations. Since 1972, the Mill has installed primary and secondary treatment, regulated river discharge rate and effluent composition which has greatly improved the summer dissolved oxygen regime. By 1980, dissolved oxygen concentrations were generally above 5.0 mg/L and restocking the river with Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) was initiated.

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The DEVELOPMENT OF Elaeidobius kamerunicus FAUST POPULATION AFTER INTRODUCTION AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF OIL PALM FRUIT SET IN SERAM ISLAND, MOLLUCAS, INDONESIA

Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit ◽

10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v24i1.7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 47-55

Author(s):

Agus Eko Prasetyo ◽

Agus Susanto

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Average Risk ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Male And Female ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

North Sumatra ◽

Female Flowers ◽

Elaeidobius Kamerunicus

Elaeidobius kamerunicus is the main pollinating agent in oil palm plantations in Indonesia today. The development of oil palm plantations in new areas requires introduction of these insects, moreover the new areas are located on different islands. First introduction of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust had been done from North Sumatra to Seram Island on 23 September 2013. The introduction was performed on larva and pupa stadium in 4-5 days post anthesising of male inflorescences. The introduction of E. kamerunicus using plywood boxes has an average risk of death by 7.89% at 6 days delivery period. Observation before releasing of the weevils showed that this insect was not detected in both of oil palm male and female flowers and the oil palm fruit set was very low approximately 11.27%. For about 500 weevils/ha were released in Marnuhu estate and could be developed into 362,401 weevils/ha in 5 months with 97.86% of oil palm sex ratio. The oil palm fruit sets were increased after 1 and 2 months introduction, 53.70% and 75.56 %, respectively. The lower sex ratio of oil palm or the more availability of male inflorescences make growth of E. kamerunicus population became faster and the greater number of weevils that visiting anthesising of female flowers make the higher value of oil palm fruit set.

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The DEVELOPMENT OF Elaeidobius kamerunicus FAUST POPULATION AFTER INTRODUCTION AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF OIL PALM FRUIT SET IN SERAM ISLAND, MOLLUCAS, INDONESIA

Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit ◽

10.22302/10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v24i1.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 47-55

Author(s):

Agus Eko Prasetyo ◽

Agus Susanto

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Average Risk ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Male And Female ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

North Sumatra ◽

Female Flowers ◽

Elaeidobius Kamerunicus

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Effect of 3-Aminobenzoic Acid Ethyl Ester Methanesulfonate (MS-222) on Quality of Marine Cultured Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) during Simulated Transport in Water

Fishes ◽

10.3390/fishes6020020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Jie Cao ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Jun Mei ◽

Jing Xie

Keyword(s):

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Ethyl Ester ◽

Acid Ethyl Ester ◽

Scophthalmus Maximus ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Control Group ◽

Aminobenzoic Acid ◽

Transport Stress ◽

Turbot Scophthalmus Maximus

This study evaluated the effect of different concentrations (20, 40 and 60 mg/L) of 3-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester methanesulfonate (MS-222) on the quality changes in turbot during simulated transport in water. The results showed that the ammonia nitrogen content in the transportation water of each sample increased significantly, and the dissolved oxygen level decreased. The dissolved oxygen content in MS-222-treated samples was higher than that of control group (CK) samples. For turbot flesh quality, simulated transport in water led to a decrease in moisture, fat and protein contents in all samples. The MS-222-treated turbot samples showed higher pH values, glycogen contents, springiness and chewiness values and lower lactic acid contents comparing with the CK samples during simulated transport in water. In addition, the fresh and bitter amino acids in the muscle of turbot increased in each treatment group compared to the non-transported fish at the end of the simulated transport. The results showed that MS-222 treatment could retard the turbot transport stress and improve the quality of turbot during simulated transport in water.

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