TO STUDY THE CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF TUBERCULAR LYMPHADENOPATHY AND ITS HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Rashmi Sharma ◽  
Poonum Gogania ◽  
Geeta Pachori ◽  
Akhilesh Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Epithelioid Cell ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Caseous Necrosis ◽  
Histopathological Correlation ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Special Stain ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Tubercular Lymphadenitis

INTRODUCTION: Tubercular lymphadenopathy is one of the common clinical problems. Practically diagnosis of tuberculosis sometimes creates a challenge to the pathologist and clinician. A combined approach of cytology with aid of special stain and histopathological evaluation helps to conrm the diagnosis. AIM -The present study was carried out to evaluate the different cytological patterns of tuberculous lymphadenitis along with utility of special stain like Acid fast stain and further histopathological evaluation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Smears from 833 cytologically diagnosed cases of tubercular lymphadenitis were prepared and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Giemsa and Acid-fast stain. All the smears were categorized into four cytomorphological patterns and correlated with 250 histopathologically available cases. RESULT: Tuberculosis is the major cause of lymphadenopathy. Majority of cases (63 %) were in their second to third decades of life, with male to female ratio of 1:1.4. Cervical region was the most common site of involvement (83.5 %). Smear revealed epithelioid granulomas with caseous necrosis in maximum cases (46.9 %). AFB positivity was seen highest in smear revealing necrosis only with or without epithelioid cell (93,8 %). histopathological correlation was seen in 248 cases out of 250 available cases. CONCLUSION: FNAC has been proved very safe, highly sensitive, and rst line investigation in diagnosing tubercular lymphadenitis. The approach to tubercular lymphadenitis attains completeness with cytopathological, Acid Fast stain and histopathological evaluation.

scholarly journals Correlation between cytomorphology and acid fast bacilli positivity in tubercular lymphadenopathy in far Western Nepal: a hospital based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2933
Author(s):  
Ashok Shreepaili ◽  
Sushil Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Caseous Necrosis ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Tubercular Lymphadenitis

Background: Tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most common manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a valuable tool in diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenitis. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of different cytomorphological patterns in fine needle aspiration cytology of tubercular lymph nodes and their correlation with Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) positivity on Ziehi-Neelsen (ZN) Staining.Methods: Fine needle aspiration cytology of 274 cases diagnosed as tubercular lymphadenitis over a period of a year were reviewed. Cytomorphological patterns were categorized into three patterns. Pattern I: Epithelioid granuloma without necrosis, Pattern II: Epithelioid granuloma with caseous necrosis and Pattern III: Caseous necrosis only. Fischer Exact test was applied to correlate cytomorphological pattern and AFB positivity.Results: Tuberculous lymphadenitis was most frequent in age group 21-30 years (24.81%). Cervical lymph nodes were the most frequent lymph nodes involved (84.67%). Pattern I was the most common cytomorphological pattern observed (49.3%). Overall AFB positivity was 28.10%. Maximum AFB positivity was seen in pattern III (73.3%).Conclusions: FNAC is the simple, cost effective and minimally invasive tool to diagnose tuberculous lymphadenitis. Study of both cytomorphological pattern and ZN staining for AFB can improve the diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenopathy by fine needle aspiration cytology and Z-N staining

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2985
Author(s):  
Navneet Naz ◽  
Megha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Caseous Necrosis ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Minimal Invasion ◽  
Tubercular Lymphadenitis

Background: Tuberculosis continues to be the biggest health problem in India. Tuberculosis involves respiratory, gastrointestinal tract as well as extrapulmonary site. Tubercular lymphadenopathy is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. FNAC plays a vital role in diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenopathy. FNAC is not only used for cytological diagnosis but also used for other ancillary tests like Ziehl-Neelsen staining and AFB culture.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of pathology, Government Medical College, Jammu over a period of 6 months and included 450 cases presenting with superficial lymphadenopathy. FNAC was performed in the cases and smears in each case, were stained with May Grunwald Giemsa (MGG), Papanicolaou and Z-N stain.Results: Out of 450 cases,160 cases (35.5%) showed features of tubercular lymphadenitis. The most common site of presentation, being cervical region with 75% cases. Females outnumbered males by ratio of 1.46:1. In cytomorphology 93 cases (58.1%) showed epithelioid granulomas with caseous necrosis,37 cases (23.1%) showed caseous necrosis only while only epithelioid granulomas were seen in 30 cases (23.1%). AFB positivity was seen in 82 cases with maximum AFB positivity (78.3%) seen in cases with necrosis only.Conclusions: FNAC is a rapid diagnostic technique because of its simplicity, cost effectiveness, early availability of results and minimal invasion. FNAC is a reliable and sensitive first line investigation in diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenitis combined with AFB staining.

scholarly journals Spectrum of Leprosy Patients with Clinico-Histopathological Correlation: A Hospital Based Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Arjun Singh ◽  
R Gaur ◽  
R Ambey
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Polar Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Histopathological Correlation ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Minor Disagreement

Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous, infectious disease involving skin and peripheral nerves. It is present in various clinicopathological forms depending upon immune status of the patients. Histopathological examination of skin provides confirmatory diagnosis in suspected cases and gives indication of progression and regression of disease under treatment. Ridley and Jopling classification is used to classify leprosy. The objective of study was to identify the clinical pattern of leprosy and performed detail clinico- histopathological correlation in our institute. Method: The study was carried out on the skin biopsies received in between 2007-2010. Biopsies were fixed in 10% formalin, processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, modified Fite Ferraco and Ziehl-Neelsen stains. The predesigned Performa was used to record observation. The clinical diagnosis were correlated with histopathology in all 120 cases. Result: The age of the patients was ranged from 8 to 79 years with mean age of 36.38 years. The male to female ratio of patients was 1.5 to 1. The majority of cases 79 (65.8%) were in the age group of 21-50 years. Highest parity was observed in stable polar group TT 100%. Clinco-histopathological agreement was seen in 98 (81.67%) cases, 14 (11.67%) cases shows minor disagreement and 8 (6%) cases major disagreement. Conclusion: The clinical and histopathological features along with bacteriological index are useful than any single parameter in arriving definitive diagnosis and classification of the leprosy. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-4 (2013), Pages 11-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i4.7997 

NONTUBERCULOUS ACID-FAST BACILLI IN CERVICAL ADENITIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-697
Author(s):  
Haddow M. Keith ◽  
Lyle A. Weed ◽  
Gerald M. Needham
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cells ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Caseous Necrosis ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Cervical Adenitis ◽  
Bona Fide

THE TUBERCLE bacillus is the most common cause of lymphadenitis with caseous necrosis. Such a condition in the cervical region, while less frequent than in previous decades, still occurs occasionally. While other agents, for example, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Brucella, Pasteurella and Miyagawanella, are known to produce a similar histopathologic reaction, they are not commonly associated with lesions in the cervical lymph nodes, especially in children. Therefore the finding of acid-fast bacilli in such lesions has generally been considered bona fide evidence of tuberculosis, although previous reports from this clinic indicate that such is not necessarily true. It is recognized that there are other acid-fast bacilli, such as the lepra and smegma bacilli, which may or may not cause disease. In 1944 Gellerstedt reported seven cases of tuberculoid skin lesions due to atypical acid-fast bacilli. He considered these to be due to exogenous infection with acid-fast bacilli differing from the organisms found in tuberculosis, and he considered them as possibly saprophytic organisms. In 1948 MacCallum and co-workers reported six cases of skin lesions due to acid-fast organisms that were not Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The lesions did not contain tubercle follicles, giant cells or caseous material. The name "Mycobacterium ulcerans" was applied to these organisms by Australian workers. In 1954 Linnell and Nordén described skin lesions that occurred in 80 boys and girls who used a certain swimming pool in a Swedish town. The etiologic organisms were acid fast, differed from those described by MacCallum and associates and were not lepra bacilli. Guinea pigs injected with these organisms presented no evidence of lesions after 7 weeks.

scholarly journals Risk factors, clinico-epidemiological profile of tuberculosis among children attending a tertiary care hospital: a two year study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Ravikumar Tenali ◽  
Naveen Kumar Badri ◽  
Jithendra Kandati ◽  
Munilakshmi Ponugoti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background: TB remains as the one among the top 10 causes of death worldwide. In 2016, 10.4 million people fell ill with TB, and 1.7 million died from the disease with 0.4 million with HIV. At least 1 million children become ill with TB each year. Children represent about 10-11% of all TB cases. Having knowledge of the risk factors for tuberculosis infection in children is important to evaluate the level of ongoing transmission of infection and to help adapt activities within national TB control programs. The main objective is to study the risk factors and their association and variable clinical features in cases of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: The main objective is to study the risk factors and their association and variable clinical features in cases of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis.Results: 98 cases of TB were confirmed out of total 628 with a prevalence of 17.07% in the   study with 78 PTB cases and 20 EPTB. Females were more with male to female ratio of 0.7:1.5-9 years was the most common age group in the study. Statistically significant association was found between old history of ATT, HIV positivity, contact with an open case of TB and malnutrition (p value<0.05). TB meningitis was the most common EPTB (10/20 cases) followed by tuberculous lymphadenitis (5/20). 69.39% (68/98 cases) were smear positive, radiologically 59.18% of cases were positive and Tuberculin skin test was positive in 46.94%.Conclusions: Childhood tuberculosis is a neglected entity in developing countries due to underreporting and difficulties in diagnosis due to variable clinical picture in children. Hence epidemiological surveillance studies in children are required to determine the actual prevalence of pulmonary and extra pulmonary cases of tuberculosis. Increased efforts are required to isolate TB bacilli from body fluids to identify early the childhood cases and manage them to prevent disease burden in the community.

Deep Learning-Based Spermatogenic Staging Assessment for Hematoxylin and Eosin-Stained Sections of Rat Testes

2020 ◽  
pp. 019262332096967
Author(s):  
Dianne M. Creasy ◽  
Satish T. Panchal ◽  
Rohit Garg ◽  
Pranab Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Specialized Training ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Sensitive Method

In preclinical toxicology studies, a “stage-aware” histopathological evaluation of testes is recognized as the most sensitive method to detect effects on spermatogenesis. A stage-aware evaluation requires the pathologist to be able to identify the different stages of the spermatogenic cycle. Classically, this evaluation has been performed using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-stained sections to visualize the morphology of the developing spermatid acrosome, but due to the complexity of the rat spermatogenic cycle and the subtlety of the criteria used to distinguish between the 14 stages of the cycle, staging of tubules is not only time consuming but also requires specialized training and practice to become competent. Using different criteria, based largely on the shape and movement of the elongating spermatids within the tubule and pooling some of the stages, it is possible to stage tubules using routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections, thereby negating the need for a special PAS stain. These criteria have been used to develop an automated method to identify the stages of the rat spermatogenic cycle in digital images of H&E-stained Wistar rat testes. The algorithm identifies the spermatogenic stage of each tubule, thereby allowing the pathologist to quickly evaluate the testis in a stage-aware manner and rapidly calculate the stage frequencies.

scholarly journals Clinico-histopathological correlation of skin biopsies in leprosy

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 452-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Manandhar ◽  
RC Adhikari ◽  
G Sayami
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Information ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Histopathological Correlation ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions ◽  
Tuberculoid Leprosy ◽  
Special Stain ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Skin Biopsies

Background: In leprosy, there is a range of varied clinicopathologic manifestations and the diagnosis is made from adequate clinical information combined with bacilloscopy and histopathology which helps in diagnosing different types of leprosy and separating it from other granulomatous lesions. Aim of the study was to classify leprosy according to Ridley Jopling classification and perform the clinicopathological correlation. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional comparative study of skin biopsies of newly diagnosed leprosy recieved over a period of 18 months from January 2009 to June 2010 and clinicopathologic correlation was done along with special stain. Results: This study included 75 patients diagnosed clinically as leprosy. Skin biopsy revealed evidence of leprosy in 72 cases. Maximum number of patient clinically belonged to tuberculoid leprosy which constituted 25 (33%) cases followed by borderline tuberculoid 19 (25.33%). On the contrary, histologically borderline tuberculoid was the most common type (40%, n=30) cases and tuberculoid leprosy constituted (13.33%, n=10) cases. Three cases of clinically diagnosed tuberculoid leprosy showed no features of leprosy histologically. Clinical and histopathological correlation was seen in 34 cases (45.33%). The correlation was highest in borderline tuberculoid (63.15%) followed by borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy. Slit skin smear was positive in 31 cases (43.05%). Fite Farraco stain was positive in 18 cases (25%). Conclusion: The classification of leprosy requires attention to the histopathological criteria and correlation with clinicalinformationand bacteriological examination so as to facilitate accurate therapy to prevent undesirable complication. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i6.8992   Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, 452-458

scholarly journals Histopathological Evaluation of Lymph Node Biopsies: A Hospital Based Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Md Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Md Mamun Ali Biswas ◽  
Syeda Tasfia Siddika ◽  
Abdul Mannan Sikder
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation

Background: Lymphadenopathy is a common manifestation of a large variety of disorders,both benign and malignant. It is essential to define the pattern of disorders presenting primarily as lymph node enlargement in a particular environment. Histopathological examination of the lymph node biopsies is a gold standard test in the distinction between reactive and malignant lymphoid proliferations as well as for detailed subtyping oflymphomas. We designed this study in our population for histopathological evaluation of lymph nodes that might be helpful for clinical management of these lesions. Objective: Histopathological evaluation of lymphadenopathy from excised specimen, in relation to ageand sex of the patients, and distribution of the lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective cross sectional study conducted in the department of Pathology, Enam MedicalCollege & Hospital, Savar, Dhaka during the period from January 2006 to December 2010. Lymph node biopsies of all patients of both sexes and all age groups were included.Metastatic lymph nodes associated with evidence of primaries elsewhere in the body were excluded from the study. Total 191 lymph node biopsies were selected for histopathological evaluation. Among these 90 (47.12%) were from males and 101 (52.88%) were from females with male to female ratio being 1:2.1. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 85 years with a mean age of 35.73 ± 18 years. Results: Cervical lymph nodes were the most common (56%) biopsied group. Of the 191 cases 59 cases (30.89%) were reactive lymphadenitis, 64 cases (33.5%) were tuberculosis, 2 cases (1.05%) were non-caseous granuloma, 11 cases (5.76%) were Hodgkin lymphoma, 22 cases (11.52%) were non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 24 cases (12.57%) were metastatic neoplasm and 9 cases (4.7%) were other lesions.Conclusion: Tuberculosis was the most common cause of lymphadenopathy, followed by reactive lymphadenitis and the cervical group of lymph nodes was most frequently affected. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11915 J Enam Med Col 2012; 2(1):8 -14

scholarly journals Study of glottic lesions in patients undergoing microlaryngeal surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Vikrant Mittal ◽  
Manish Munjal ◽  
Rohit Verma ◽  
Parth Chopra ◽  
Hemant Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Histopathological Correlation ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Vocal Nodules ◽  
Microlaryngeal Surgery

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vocal cords are the most common site of laryngeal pathologies. Hoarseness is the sentinel symptom for lesions affecting the glottis. The aim of this study was to categorize various types of lesions affecting the glottis in patients undergoing microlaryngeal surgery. Patients’ demographic profile, gender, occupational factors were studied. Clinical, microlaryngeal and histopathological correlation of the lesions was done.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 50 patients with glottic pathologies undergoing microlaryngeal surgery were included. Patients underwent detailed examination including indirect laryngoscopy, flexible fibreoptic laryngoscopy, followed by microscopic laryngeal examination under general anaesthesia. The lesions were excised using standard microlaryngeal instruments and the specimens were subjected to histopathological examination. The data was analysed.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There was male preponderance (male: female ratio of 1.27:1). Housewives formed the largest group (28%). Commonest pathologies were vocal nodules (34%), vocal polyps (22%) and carcinoma (22%). Microlaryngoscopy was found to be the best means of visualizing the lesions and reaching a clinical diagnosis. In 10 (20%) patients, the final histopathological diagnosis was different from clinical diagnosis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In this study, vocal nodules were the commonest lesions to affect the glottis. Microlaryngoscopy proved to be the best method for examination. Also, there was discrepancy in the clinical and histopathological diagnosis in 20% cases.</p>

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