scholarly journals The microarchitecture of the tissues of the shoulder joint in dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Екатерина Андреевна Павловская ◽  
Елена Александровна Лаптева
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Synovial Folds ◽  
Caudal Area

Up to the present time practically not studied the peculiarities of formation of cartilage inthe various compartments of the shoulder joint in dogs, as well as zones of least resistancejoints in General. Available studies mainly use visual diagnostic methods, without applyingmorphological and morphometric. There is no information about age-related cytomorphologicaltransformations occurring in the joint in normal and pathological conditions. In this regard,the aim of our study was to determine the zone of risk of damage to the shoulder joint in dogs.Studies were conducted on dogs and cadaver material, selected from giant, large and mediumsized breeds. Arthroscopic studies of dogs were performed, as well as light microscopy ofhistological sections of freshly treated samples of joint tissues. As a result of trauma to the jointis transformed physiological synovial folds in sklerozirovanie a pathological form that occurs inGerman shepherd dogs over 5 years of age in 60% of cases. The process of mineralization of thematrix and the appearance of multiple foci of ossification occurs asynchronously in the cartilageof the head of the humerus and the articular cavity of the scapula. Osteoplastic processes in thearea of articulation occur unevenly. Cartilage coating of the articular surface of the shoulderblade is characterized by a more uniform distribution than the articular rotation of the humerushead. The zones of risk of damage to the structures of the shoulder joint in dogs were determined.These include: cranial and medial compartments of the joint, the caudal area of the cartilaginouscoating of the humerus, the caudal area of the articular surface of the scapula cavity. The dataobtained make up for the information about the diagnosis and risk factors in the developmentof shoulder joint pathologies in dogs of large and giant breeds. They should be used in clinicaldiagnosis and surgery of the musculoskeletal system in animals.

scholarly journals Association Of Vitamin D Deficiency With Risk Factors In Postmenopausal Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
N.M. Inoyatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Basic Level

In conditions of age-related decrease in sex hormones and a number of pathological conditions and diseases in postmenopausal women, there is a deficiency of D hormone. In our country, the geographic location of which is below northern latitude and sufficient ultraviolet radiation, an insufficient content of vitamin D is seen in postmenopausal women. There are a lot of risk factors leading to vitamin D deficiency - the presence of smog and dust in cities, insufficient consumption of vitamin-fortified foods, the presence of problems with the gastrointestinal tract and excretory system and a number of others. One of the important factors that reduce vitamin storage is overweight and obesity, especially in combination with old age, when all absorption processes are reduced. The aim of our research was to study risk factors in women with vitamin D deficiency with subsequent correction of the deficiency state. We examined the level of total 25 (OH) D in the blood serum in 46 postmenopausal women, and identified risk factors. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 86.96% of women, and its deficiency was registered in 10.87%. At the same time, a pronounced vitamin deficiency was not registered in any patient. Overweight was registered in 32.6%, obesity of varying degrees in 26.1%. Given the indicators, recommendations were given for correcting vitamin D deficiency. All postmenopausal women, especially those with risk factors for deficiency, are recommended to determine the basic level of vitamin D. In case of deficiency, drug correction is recommended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and oncological diseases.

Association of plaque echostructure and cardiovascular risk factors with symptomatic carotid artery disease

VASA ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giannoukas ◽  
Sfyroeras ◽  
Griffin ◽  
Saleptsis ◽  
Antoniou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ica Stenosis

Background: Severity of stenosis remains the main factor for assessing risk of stroke in patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) disease. This study was conducted to investigate the association of plaque echostructure and other established and emerging cardiovascular risk factors with symptomatic ICA disease. Design: Cross-sectional study of consecutive patients with significant (> 50 %) ICA stenosis. Patients and methods: Carotid plaque echostructure, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate, cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and the Framingham risk score were assessed in 124 consecutive patients (70 asymptomatic; 54 symptomatic) with significant (> 50 %) ICA stenosis. Results: The asymptomatic and symptomatic groups did not differ in terms of gender distribution (p = 0.76) and severity of stenosis (p = 0.62). Echolucent plaques (type 1 and 2) were more predominant in patients with symptomatic disease (p = 0.004, OR = 2.13, 95 % CI = 1.26-3.6). Patients with plaques type 1 were relatively younger than those with type 4 (p = 0.02). None of the other factors assessed had any significant association with symptomatic disease and any type of carotid plaque. Conclusions: Besides the severity of carotid stenosis, the presence of an echolucent plaque appears as an important factor associated with symptomatic ICA disease. Also, young patients are more likely to have an echolucent plaque suggesting an age-related association with plaque maturation.

The Physician’s Task and the Problem of Documentation

1964 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Proppe
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Lupus Vulgaris ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Clinical Methods ◽  
Corpus Hippocraticum ◽  
High Degree

SummaryCase histories suitable for statistical evaluation can be found even as far back as in the Corpus Hippocraticum. Such simple data as the patient’s age, body weight, size, the date of menarche, etc. are practically always included in the case records, and it is demonstrated that, when such data are recorded in a system of documentation suitable for mechanical sorting, it may enable us to draw conclusions of very great importance. Mechanical registration methods have revealed that, in the determination and recording of data as hitherto carried out. there has been a surprisingly large number of errors and a high degree of unreliability. This view has a considerable influence on modern clinical methods; it renders a more democratic relation between physician and patient necessary and makes clear the need for measures to enhance the reliability of diagnosis and treatment of pathological conditions. The author illustrates this view with reference to the mechanical falsification of the thesis of the proneness of early age groups to lupus vulgaris, furthermore with reference to the mechanical rationalization of modern routine diagnostic methods, to the constant surveillance of adverse effects on public health and to the protection against allergic reactions with the aid of recording systems of personal allergy and intolerance data with mechanical sorting and computer techniques.

Risk Factors of Age-related Hearing Loss, Adults over 65 Years in Korea: Including the Effect of the War Participation

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Dong-Wook Kim ◽  
Tae-Young Lee ◽  
Da-Hye Choi ◽  
Taek-Yeong Kim ◽  
Hyun-Chul Moon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

Risk factors for the development of age-related cataracts in the Republic of Bashkortostan

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
G.Z. Israfilova ◽  
◽  
T.R. Gilmanshin ◽  
R.M. Zainullin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic

Ergonomic approaches to the organization of workplaces of teenagers at school

2020 ◽  
pp. 533-533
Author(s):  
V. A. Ablyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Work Ability ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Visual Analyzer

The ergonomics of workplaces in the educational environment makes a significant effect on adolescents’ health, may create risk factors for disorders of the musculoskeletal system and the visual analyzer, which affect the work ability and quality of future life.

Identifying Age-Related Risk Factors in COVID-19 Independent of Disease Severity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Xie ◽  
De Chang ◽  
Linhai Li ◽  
Xiaohua Peng ◽  
Zhijian Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Risk

The Role of Glyoxalase in Glycation and Carbonyl Stress Induced Metabolic Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 846-859
Author(s):  
Mohd Saeed ◽  
Mohd Adnan Kausar ◽  
Rajeev Singh ◽  
Arif J. Siddiqui ◽  
Asma Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Carbonyl Stress ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Age Related

Glycation refers to the covalent binding of sugar molecules to macromolecules, such as DNA, proteins, and lipids in a non-enzymatic reaction, resulting in the formation of irreversibly bound products known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are synthesized in high amounts both in pathological conditions, such as diabetes and under physiological conditions resulting in aging. The body’s anti-glycation defense mechanisms play a critical role in removing glycated products. However, if this defense system fails, AGEs start accumulating, which results in pathological conditions. Studies have been shown that increased accumulation of AGEs acts as key mediators in multiple diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, arthritis, cancer, atherosclerosis, decreased skin elasticity, male erectile dysfunction, pulmonary fibrosis, aging, and Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, glycation of nucleotides, proteins, and phospholipids by α-oxoaldehyde metabolites, such as glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO), causes potential damage to the genome, proteome, and lipidome. Glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1) acts as a part of the anti-glycation defense system by carrying out detoxification of GO and MGO. It has been demonstrated that GLO-1 protects dicarbonyl modifications of the proteome and lipidome, thereby impeding the cell signaling and affecting age-related diseases. Its relationship with detoxification and anti-glycation defense is well established. Glycation of proteins by MGO and GO results in protein misfolding, thereby affecting their structure and function. These findings provide evidence for the rationale that the functional modulation of the GLO pathway could be used as a potential therapeutic target. In the present review, we summarized the newly emerged literature on the GLO pathway, including enzymes regulating the process. In addition, we described small bioactive molecules with the potential to modulate the GLO pathway, thereby providing a basis for the development of new treatment strategies against age-related complications.

Review of the Literature Examining the Association of Serum Uric Acid with Osteoporosis and Mechanistic Insights into Its Effect on Bone Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelam Kaushal ◽  
Divya Vohora ◽  
Rajinder K Jalali ◽  
Sujeet Jha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related

Background And Objective:Osteoporosis is a common bone disorder that increases susceptibility to fragility bone fractures. The clinical and public health repercussions of osteoporosis are huge due to the morbidity, mortality, and cost of medical care linked with fragility fractures. Clinical assessment of osteoporotic risk factors can help to identify candidates at an early stage that will benefit from medical intervention and potentially lowering the morbidity and mortality seen with fractures and complications. Given this, research is ongoing to evaluate the association of osteoporosis with some novel or less well-studied risk factors/bio-markers such as uric acid (UA).Discussion:Uric acid’s antioxidant activity has been proposed to be one of the factors responsible for increasing longevity and lowering rates of age-related cancers during primate evolution, the level of which increased markedly due to loss of uricase enzyme activity (mutational silencing). Accumulated evidence shows that oxidative stress is the fundamental mechanism of age-related bone loss and acts via enhancing osteoclastic activity and increasing bone resorption. Antioxidant substances such as ascorbic acid scavenge free radicals are positively related to bone health. Thus, it is hypothesized that uric acid holds bone-protective potential owing to its potent antioxidative property. Several correlation studies have been conducted globally to investigate the relationship between serum uric acid with bone mineral density and osteoporosis. Few pre-clinical studies have tried to investigate the interaction between uric acid and bone mineral density and reported important role played via Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2)/core-binding factor subunit alpha-1 (CBF-alpha-1), Wingless-related integration site (Wnt)-3a/β-catenin signaling pathway and 11β Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase type 1.Conclusion:In this review, the authors provided a comprehensive summary of the literature related to association studies reported in humans as well work done until date to understand the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms that interplay between uric acid and bone metabolism.

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