Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 Immunoglobulin G Positivity among Adultsand Associated Factors in Lagos and Osun, Nigeria

Background: Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) are important, not only because they can cause blindness, encephalitis, genital herpes and neonatal herpes with high morbidity, but because active or reactivated herpes breaks vaginal mucosa exposing CD4+ CCR5+ T cells in sub-mucosa to HIV-1 during unprotected sexual intercourse. This cross-sectional study was therefore designed to assess the level of past exposure of apparently healthy adults to HSVs in selected hospitals in Lagos and Osun States, Nigeria Methodology: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was designed to estimate proportions of consecutively selected adults in Lagos and Osun States, Nigeria, having HSV-1 and -2 IgG antibodies. A total of 270 sera were tested for HSV-1 and 2 IgG using ELISA kits. The results were analyzed with SPSS 16.0. Results: Participants were aged 18-80 years (average: 33.9 years). Age 31-50 years, male gender, and ≤ secondary education were associated (p values: 0.001 – 0.05) with self-reports of STD, lip, and genital blisters. Overall, HSV-1 and -2 IgG positivity rates were respectively 98.9% and 56.3%. Groupspecific prevalence rates for HSV-1 IgG were about 100.0%; predictors of HSV-2 IgG were age 31-50 yrs (p = 0.05, odds ratio [OR]: 2.3); histories of having genital blister (p = 0.001 [OR: 16.4]) and STD (p = 0.001 [OR: 20.4]). With only one dual negativity, the dual positivity rate was slightly higher among males (56.3%) than females (55.1%); highest and lowest respectively among 31-50 yr old (62.8%) and 51-80 yr old (38.7%). Conclusion: The near 100.0% and > 50.0% seroprevalence rates of HSV-1 and -2 IgG, respectively, indicated a high infection burden in Lagos and Osun. Age, histories of genital blister and STD significantly predicted HSV-2 IgG positivity.

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Serological prevalence of rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, treponema pallidum and human immunodeficiency virus in antenatal women with bad obstetric history – A cross sectional study

MedPulse International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.26611/10081125 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 28-34

Author(s):

Shama Taj K R ◽

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Treponema Pallidum ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obstetric History ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Simplex Virus

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SAT0330 NEW IMMUNOMODULATORY COMBINATION THERAPIES IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: A RETROSPECTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1855 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1110.1-1111

Author(s):

J. Qiao ◽

S. X. Zhang ◽

T. T. Zhang ◽

J. Zhang ◽

M. T. Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Sclerosis ◽

Side Effects ◽

Lymphocyte Subsets ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Peripheral Lymphocyte ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Combination Therapies ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Long Term Treatment

Background:Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) is a rare complex connective tissue disease associated with high mortality and high morbidity1. Active SSc are typically treated with immunosuppressants, which may create a variety of severe side-effects, especially for long-term treatment2. As the pathogenesis of SSc is still a matter of debate, growing evidences have focused on the immune disorders3. However, the quantitative status of lymphocyte subsets in SSc patients are unclear and effects of immunomodulatory combination therapies (avoiding side-effects of conventional therapy) on the lymphocyte subsets are unknown.Objectives:To investigate the quantitative status of peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and CD4+T subsets in SSc patients for the exploration of SSc pathogenesis and evaluate the effects of new immunomodulatory combination therapies on those cells.Methods:From July 2014 to December 2019, total 166 patients with SSc and 206 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study, in which, 79 follow-up patients received immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) such as low-dose interleukin-2, rapamycin, metformin, retinoic acid and coenzyme Q10. The absolute numbers of T, B, NK, CD4+T, CD8+T, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tregs in peripheral blood of these subjects were detected by flow cytometry combined with standard absolute counting beads.Results:Patients with SSc had lower absolute counts of total T, NK, Th2, Th17 and Tregs as compared with those of HCs (P<0.05) (Figure 1). After immunomodulatory combination treatments, there were increases in a various of peripheral lymphocyte subsets such as T, B and CD8+T (P< 0.05). Moreover, the increased level of Tregs was much more dramatical than those of other lymphocyte subsets, resulting in the decrease ratios of Teffs/Tregs such as Th1/Tregs and Th2/Tregs and rebuilding immunologic equilibrium (Figure 2).Conclusion:This cross-sectional study clarified the abnormal status of lymphocyte subsets in SSc patients, suggesting lymphocyte subsets, especially Tregs, might be relevant and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of SSc, thus providing a potential therapeutic target for SSc patients. Immunomodulatory combination therapies effectively increase the level of Tregs as well as other lymphocytes to some degree and maintain the immunologic equilibrium, which may help for SSc patients’ symptom remission.References:[1]Denton CP, Khanna D. Systemic sclerosis. Lancet 2017;390(10103):1685-99. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30933-9 [published Online First: 2017/04/18][2]Winthrop KL, Weinblatt ME, Bathon J, et al. Unmet need in rheumatology: reports from the Targeted Therapies meeting 2019. Ann Rheum Dis 2020;79(1):88-93. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216151 [published Online First: 2019/10/31][3]Skaug B, Khanna D, Swindell WR, et al. Global skin gene expression analysis of early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis shows a prominent innate and adaptive inflammatory profile. Ann Rheum Dis 2019 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215894 [published Online First: 2019/11/27]Acknowledgments :None.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Knowledge and attitude towards emergency contraception in females of urban area of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20164660 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 210 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Malvika Mishra ◽

Shiv Shanker Tripathi ◽

Manish Kumar Verma

Keyword(s):

Health Education ◽

Emergency Contraception ◽

Unplanned Pregnancy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Health Awareness ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Emergency contraception are birth control measures that, if taken after unprotected sexual intercourse, contraceptive failure, incorrect use of contraceptives or in cases of sexual assault may prevent pregnancy. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of female living in urban part of Lucknow district from September 2015 to August 2016.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at RML Hospital, Lucknow from September 2015 to August 2016. A cross sectional study design was conducted and Participants were selected using simple random sampling method. Data was collected by using self-administered questionnaires. Data processing and analysis: The collected data was entered into a computer and analyzed using statistical package of social science version 20.0.Results: In this study it was found that, Out of 385 subjects 54% (209) new the correct time interval for EC to be effective and 91% (350) new that this is for prevention of unplanned pregnancy. Out of 385 subjects 77% (345) reported that they had heard the word EC from different sources, however 23% (90) reported that they never heard about that it means that still there is a scope of health awareness activities and health education to improve the knowledge of EC. Different attitudes of females towards emergency contraception some different pair of questions was asked. Out of 385 subjects 85% (329) were reported that they have positive attitudes in terms of benefits of EC to reduce the risk of unplanned pregnancy. A few number of subjects i.e. 12% (48) reported negative attitudes towards EC where as 3 % (8) did not respond. The more than half subjects i.e. 68% (260) reported that they use EC even if their partners disagreed with them where as 11% (41). Cultural belief was found as an barrier in having negative attitudes towards EC. The Religion, Occupation and educational status affect knowledge and attitudes towards EC.Conclusions: The results show that there is a scope of health awareness activities and health education to improve the knowledge and attitude towards EC.

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Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors among HIV/AIDS Patients taking Ante-Retroviral Therapy at Selected Hospitals in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.17125/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Demelash Wachamo ◽

Fisseha Bonja

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Opportunistic infections are late complications of HIV infection is the depletion of the immune system. It is a major public health problem and high morbidity AIDS patients die of AIDS-related infections in developing countries like Ethiopia. Identification of opportunistic infections (OIs) is important to develop a specific intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors of opportunistic infections.Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 randomly selected HIV/AIDS patients taking anti-retroviral therapy. Data was collected from selected hospitals in Sidama Zone based on population proportion to size. Data was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire and a pre-tested checklist from the medical records of patients. Data entry and analyzed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS v.23. The result declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05.Result The magnitude of opportunistic infections was 39.6%. Major identified OIs was oral candidacies 23.2%, recurrent bacterial pneumonia 21.5%, Herpes zoster 6.3%, and Pulmonary Tuberculosis 6.0%.The magnitude of opportunistic associated with; older age [AOR=2.69, 95% CI: 1.33-5.43], No formal education [AOR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.06-9.25], Low monthly income [AOR=2.27, 95%CI:1.35-3.83], initial CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3 [AOR=1.91, 95% CI:1.05-3.46), WHO clinical stage II [AOR=2.43, 95% CI:1.34-4.42] and stage III and IV [AOR=4.27, 95% CI: 2.12-8.59], had no extra medicine additional to ART (prophylaxis) had [AOR= 5.91, 95% CI: 3.31-10.56], who interrupt ART medicines [AOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.09- 3.80] and Khat chewing [AOR=5.48, 95% CI: 2.32-12.96] when compared to their counterparts.Conclusions The overall magnitude of opportunistic infections was high when compared with other studies. Health officials and clinicians need to give attention on the strengthening of the provision if ART with prophylaxis on early-stage and adhrerence, implementation of the TB/HIV collaboration activity, and early initiation of ART to reduce opportunistic infections.

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Anxiety and depression symptoms in older adults during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A community-based cross-sectional study

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/20503121211040050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 205031212110400

Author(s):

Kemal Jemal ◽

Tinsae Abeya Geleta ◽

Berhanu Senbeta Deriba ◽

Mukemil Awol

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Symptoms Of Depression

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has caused high morbidity and mortality in older adults over the world. Because the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic greatly affects older adults who have a preexisting health condition, they are generally susceptible to a high incidence of severe symptoms of anxiety and depression. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was completed in August 2020. Standardized and pretested General Anxiety Disorder–7 and Geriatric Depression Scale were used to screen the symptoms of anxiety and depression, respectively. Data were entered into EpiData (version 4.3.2) and transferred to SPSS (version 24) for further analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine the significantly associated variables with a 95% confidence interval at p < 0.05. Results: Of the total older adults interviewed, 68.7% had developed symptoms of anxiety and 59.9% had symptoms of depression during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Female participants, having a chronic disease and poor knowledge of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms. Age category of 81 to 90 and above 90, lack of social support, and having a chronic disease were significantly associated with symptoms of depression. Conclusion: The symptoms of anxiety and depression among older adults in the North Shoa Zone during coronavirus disease 2019 were higher than before the coronavirus disease 2019 happened. The results were evidence points for developing a psychological intervention to tackle the older adults’ mental health needs in the community during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

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GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CHILDHOOD POISONING

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1703657 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 03 (02) ◽

pp. 069-072

Author(s):

Pratik Vijay Tarvadi ◽

Shankar M. Bakkannavar ◽

Vikram Palimar ◽

G. Pradeep Kumar ◽

Mahabalesh Shetty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Medical Emergency ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Childhood Poisoning ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Difference

Abstract Background: Accidental paediatric poisoning is a common medical emergency and also associated with a high morbidity and mortality in children. In developing countries like India, the poisoning emergencies are becoming a major cause of mortality in infants and toddlers. Among the various studies done on poisoning cases in our country, the study on poisoning is more or less only on adults and hence this study is taken up to understand the number of childhood poisoning cases (based on gender). Method: A ten year record based cross sectional study from January 1999 to December 2008 was conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, to understand the magnitude of childhood poisoning cases among males and females at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. Results: Male children were predominantly affected (male: female::1.32: 1). Most of the poisoning cases occurred at home in both the genders with boy to girl ratio based on percentage in indoor poisoning being 0.92:1 and boy to girl ratio based on percentage in outcome being 1.06:1. Conclusion: Our study examines the difference in place and outcome of poisoning among boys and girls to identify population at risk and give suggestions so as to reduce the morbidity and mortality.

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