scholarly journals Combined Natural Foci of Bacterial, Rickettsial and Viral Infectious Diseases in the North-West Precaspian Region

Author(s):  
N. V. Popov ◽  
E. V. Kouklev ◽  
V. P. Toporkov ◽  
A. K. Adamov ◽  
S. A. Scherbakova ◽  
...  

Presence of combined natural foci of plague, tularemia, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, West-Nile encephalitis, Astrakhan spotted fever in the North-West Precaspian region was substantiated. Influence of anthropogenic and climatic conditions in formation of combined natural foci of infectious diseases of bacterial, rickettsial and viral etiology was pointed out. Up-to-date potential epidemic danger of the territories under consideration was evaluated.

Author(s):  
Svetlana Malkhazova ◽  
Polina Pestina ◽  
Anna Prasolova ◽  
Dmitry Orlov

In Russia, as in other countries, the problem of emerging natural focal infectious diseases (EIDs) became more acute toward the end of the 20th century. However, the situation in Russia is unknown to foreign readers, while the prevention and control of these diseases require international collaboration. The aim of the study is to provide a medical–geographical assessment of the distribution of the main natural focal EIDs in Russia, as well as to present the approaches used in the country to create aggregate maps of risk assessment. To consider its current status, we determined the most important natural focal EIDs for Russia (tick-borne encephalitis, ixodid tick-borne borrelioses, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever, Astrakhan spotted fever, leptospiroses, and tularemia) and analyzed the patterns of their epidemic manifestation. As a result, a working classification of such infections and a series of maps showing the current situation of EID morbidity in Russia were created. To design an aggregated risk map, we developed an original mapping methodology and recalculated the model disease incidence by taking data from administrative units and adjusting them for natural geographical boundaries (biomes) for European Russia, and then evaluated the risk of infection for separate model diseases and for a set of them. The highest risk rates are confined to the northwest regions of European Russia, the Cis-Urals and the Volga region, which are naturally related to forest biomes, as well as to the southern steppe regions of the interfluves between the Volga and the Don, and the foothills of the North Caucasus.


Author(s):  
A. K. Grazhdanov ◽  
T. Z. Ayazbaev ◽  
A. V. Toporkov ◽  
F. G. Bidashko ◽  
A. V. Zakharov ◽  
...  

Within the period of 2000-2011, in the West of Kazakhstan, identified have been five, previously unknown in the territory, natural foci of dangerous infectious diseases such as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Astrakhan spotty fever, Crimean hemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever, and tick-borne viral encephalitis. The reason is that key ecological factors for the persistence of the infections in the local biocoenoses occurred. It is characteristic that circulation of the agents of new infectious diseases is registered in the territory of the long-established natural plague and tularemia foci. Since 2000 and on, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome morbidity is registered in the Western-Kazakhstan Region on a regular basis. There is some evidence to identification of West Nile fever patients in the territory of Russia in 2012, which came from Kazakhstan. Based on the spatial distribution of the natural foci of various infections, Western-Kazakhstan Region has been subdivided into four areas. In order to provide for the effective prophylaxis of emerging diseases, it is essential that healthcare facilities and services dealing with infectious diseases are consolidated and reinforced, and epidemiological surveillance is improved with the current conditions in mind.


Author(s):  
Б.Л. Пхарое ◽  
А.Н. Евдокимов

Северо-западный регион ЮАР до недавнего времени не являлся промышленно марганценосным. Однако результаты изучения последних лет дают основание думать, что здесь могут быть залежи марганцевых руд. Марганцевое оруденение в этом регионе встречается в виде марганцевых конкреций, порошкообразного марганцевого вада и марганцевых корок в коре выветривания. Марганцевые конкреции приурочены к аллювиальной части «Westwits alluvium» рудного разреза и марганцевый вад накоплялся в карстовых структурах, образовавшихся в результате приповерхностного выветривания, выщелачивания и растворения подстилающих марганценосных неоархейских доломитов. Предполагается два потенциальных источника марганца: первый расположен непосредственно под рудным телом, а второй – на существенном удалении от него. Если первый источник рудного вещества поставлял марганец из подстилающих доломитов в процессе их выветривания, то второй вариант подразумевает существенный перенос металла из неизвестных коренных источников, расположенных на значительном удалении от области рудонакопления. Таким образом, для решения этого вопроса, необходимо провести экспериментальные исследования, изучающие природу, минералогию и источник сноса терригенных отложений «вмещающих материалов» верхнего рудного разреза. Цель работы – уточнить природу марганценосных терригенных залежей «Westwits alluvium» и, что самое важное, определить их коренной источник поступления и собственно минеральный состав. Методики исследования включали: петрографическое описание пород, геохимические анализы методами XRF и SEM, подсчеты объемного состава детритовых минералов и анализ дискриминационных диаграмм. Результаты. В результате проведенных исследований было установлено, что терригенные зёрна в основном представлены кварцем. Содержание полевых шпатов, минералов цемента и глинистых минералов не более 20 %. Использована классификация составов терригенного материала, основанная на подсчете в объемных процентах зерен кварца, полевого шпата, обломочных зерен других пород (вулканических, магматических и метаморфических пород), слюды и др. По этим данным были определены вероятные источники сноса, которыми являются породы Рэнд-Антиклинального хребта, расположенного к югу от изучаемого региона, а также архейские граниты, гнейсы и мафические-ультрамафические породы Каапваальского кратона. Осадконакопление происходило в низменной равнине с тропическим умеренно влажным и субгумидным климатом. Здесь, при повышенном рН воды происходило интенсивное выщелачивание пород и замещение детритовых зерен разного минерального состава диоксидом марганца. Ключевые слова: марганцовистый аллювий, третичный, терригенные отложения, Каапваальский кратон, Южная Африка The North-West region of the Republic of South Africa was previously not considered to constitute of manganese mineralization of industrial value. However, recently published articles indicated the presence of secondary manganese mineralization in the weathering crust, underlain by the manganiferous Neoarchean dolomites. Manganese mineralization in this region occurs in the form of manganese nodules, powdered manganese wad, and manganese crusts. Manganese nodules are confined to the alluvial part of the ore section known as the «Westwits alluvium» and manganese wad is accumulated in karstic structures formed as a result of near-surface weathering, leaching, and dissolution of underlying manganese-bearing Neoarchean dolomites. Two potential sources of manganese are assumed: the first relates to the dolomites which are located directly under the ore body, and the second relates to the source areas of terrigenous deposits. If the first hypothesis suggests that manganese ore substances were supplied from the underlying dolomites during their weathering, the second option then implies a significant transfer of metal from unknown root sources located at a considerable distance from the area of ore accumulation. Thus, it is necessary to conduct petrographic study to reconstruct their source regions and understand the close relations with Mn mineralization. Aim is to clarify the nature of the manganese-bearing terrigenous deposits «Westwits alluvium» and, most importantly, to determine their root source of supply and the actual mineral composition. Methodology of study includes mainly: petrographic study of rocks, geochemical analyses with the use of XRF and SEM methods, modal compositional analysis of the detrital minerals, and analysis of discrimination diagrams. Results. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that terrigenous grains consist mainly of detrital quartz grains. The content of feldspars, cement minerals and clay minerals seldom exceeds 20 %. The classification of terrigenous material based on the calculation of the volumetric percentage of the detrital framework grains: quartz, feldspar, clastic grains of other rocks types (volcanic, igneous and metamorphic rocks), mica, indicated probable source areas of the terrigenous sediments. These include metasedimentary rocks of the Rand Anticline Ridge which is located south of the studied region, and Archean granites, gneisses, and mafic-ultramafic rocks of the Kaapvaal Craton. In the basin of deposition, sedimentation occurred in a lowland plain within tropical region, characterized by moderately humid and sub-humid climatic conditions. These conditions, combined with oxidation and increased pH of the basin waters, contributed to the replacement of detrital grains with manganese dioxide


Author(s):  
Галина Компанец ◽  
Galina Kompanets

This paper includes review of innovative methods of monitoring of activity of natural foci of epidemically important for Russian Federation such viral infections as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), and the analysis of probability to control such «exotic» infections, as Denge fever and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS).


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e0006737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çiğdem Ak ◽  
Önder Ergönül ◽  
İrfan Şencan ◽  
Mehmet Ali Torunoğlu ◽  
Mehmet Gönen

Author(s):  
P. А. Ageeva ◽  
М. V. Matyukhina ◽  
N. А. Pochutina ◽  
O. M. Gromova

The narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a valuable legumes crop used as forage and green manure which is adapted to wide spectrum of soil-and climatic conditions; the crop has short domestication history. The protein content in its seeds and in dry matter of green mass varies from 30.0 to 37.0% and from 16.0 to 22.0 % respectively and depends on ecotype and soil-and-climatic conditions. This lupin specie can accumulate to 300 kg/ha symbiotic nitrogen in biomass and assimilates phosphorus and potassium of heavy available soil layers. It is very technological suitable for common used machinery systems. The State List of breeding achievements of Russia recommends the following regions for lupin cultivation: the North, the North-West, the Central, the Volga-Vyatka, the Middle-Volga, the Central Chernozem, the Ural, the West Siberia and the East Siberia. The tests were carried out in 2017-2020 in the All-Russian Lupin Scientific Research Institute which is located in the South-West of the Central region. Ten varieties and breeding lines bred in the Institute are tested. The samples differ by early ripeness and anthracnose tolerance. The average experimental variety grain yield was 2.38 t/ha. The vars. Uzkolistny 53-02, USN 53-236, Bryanskiy kormovoy and SBS 56-15 have the highest yield and adaptivity (103-113 %). The index of year conditions was revealed; 2017 with the index 0.56 was the most favorable for implementation of grain productivity of the tested narrow-leafed lupin varieties. In the ecological varieties testing the soil-and-climatic conditions of Shatilovskaya experimental station (Orel region) were the most favorable for implementation of variety grain productivity (4.0-4.5 t/ha). Grain yield was 3.0-4.0 t/ha in ecological locations which differ in soil-and-climatic conditions: there are Kaliningrad region, Mordovia Republic, Krasnoyarsk region etc.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndeye Sakha Bob ◽  
Hampâté Bâ ◽  
Gamou Fall ◽  
Elkhalil Ishagh ◽  
Mamadou Y. Diallo ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute viral anthropozoonosis that causes epizootics and epidemics among livestock population and humans. Multiple emergences and reemergences of the virus have occurred in Mauritania over the last decade. This article describes the outbreak that occurred in 2015 in Mauritania and reports the results of serological and molecular investigations of blood samples collected from suspected RVF patients. Methods An RVF outbreak was reported from 14 September to 26 November 2015 in Mauritania. Overall, 184 suspected cases from different localities were identified by 26 health facilities. Blood samples were collected and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the Institut Pasteur de Dakar (IPD). Sequencing of partial genomes and phylogenetic analyses were performed on RT-PCR–positive samples. As part of routine surveillance at IPD, samples were also screened for dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses by ELISA and RT-PCR. Results Of the 184 suspected cases, there were 57 confirmed cases and 12 deaths. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences indicated an emergence of a virus that originated from Northeastern Africa. Our results show co-circulation of other arboviruses in Mauritania—dengue, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, and West Nile viruses. Conclusion The Northeastern Africa lineage of RVF was responsible for the outbreak in Mauritania in 2015. Co-circulation of multiples arboviruses was detected. This calls for systematic differential diagnosis and highlights the need to strengthen arbovirus surveillance in Africa.


Author(s):  
A. Yu. Popova ◽  
A. N. Kulichenko ◽  
O. V. Maletskaya ◽  
N. F. Vasilenko ◽  
L. I. Shaposhnikova ◽  
...  

Aim. Analysis of epidemic manifestations of natural-foci infections (NFI), clarification of spectrum of their causative agents, determination of epizootic activity of natural foci in the Crimea Federal District (KFD). Materials and methods. Epizootologic examination of 10 administrative districts of KDF was carried out. 291 pools (2705 specimens) of ixodes ticks and 283 samples of organs of small mammals were studied by PCR method for the presence of DNA/RNA of causative agents of a number of NFI. Results. Morbidity by NFI in KFD was registered by 6 nosologies: Lyme borreliosis, Marseilles fever, leptospirosis, tularemia, intestine yersiniosis and tick-borne viral encephalitis, wherein, transmissive infections made up 91.6%. Circulation of causative agents of Crimea hemorrhagic fever, Q fever, group of tick-borne spotted fever, Lyme borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, West Nile fever, tularemia and leptospirosis was established. Conclusion. Due to activity of natural foci of NFI further monitoring of epidemiologic and epizootologic manifestations of these infections in the Crimea, including using genetic methods of analysis, is necessary for ensuring sanitary-epidemiologic welfare of KFD population.


Encephalitis ◽  
10.5772/54912 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Lozynski ◽  
H. Biletska ◽  
O. Semenyshyn ◽  
V. Fedoruk ◽  
O. Drul ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Zh.U. Katuova ◽  
Z.Z. Sayakova ◽  
A.Zh. Zhaymakhova ◽  
T.T. Koylybayev ◽  
R.A. Utemisova

The territory of the Aktobe region is unfavorable for some zoonotic infectious diseases, which are carried by blood-sucking arthropods. Feeding on the blood of obviously sick wild animals in natural foci, bloodsuckers can attack livestock and people and thereby contribute to the transfer of infectious agents to human settlements. Ixodid ticks are one of the many bloodsuckers capable of preserving and transmitting pathogens of especially dangerous infections to susceptible animals and humans. In the conditions of intensive development of transport communications on the territory of the Aktobe region, ixodids, as carriers of infectious agents, may present serious dangers. Despite many years of research, the tick fauna of the Aktobe region has not been completely studied. In 2018-2020, we conducted studies of ixodids in the north of the Aktobe region to clarify the current state of their fauna. Studies of ticks were carried out in inhibited areas of fi ve districts of the region in natural biotopes, with wild and agricultural animals according to the generally accepted method. As a result of studies in the north of the Aktobe region, the habitat of 5 species of ticks belonging to three genera were revealed: Dermacentor, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus. Key words: fauna, ixodid ticks, vectors, range, Dermacentor, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document