scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SEPSIS

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Noskova ◽  
E. V. Anganova ◽  
G. V. Gvak ◽  
E. D. Savilov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Major Direction ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Human Death

Last decades a sepsis problem attracts the increased interest in the world community. In spite of definite achievements of modern fundamental and clinical medicine, sepsis as before is characterized by significant dissemination and high lethality. The problems of sepsis spread in various countries are discussed. It is shown that annually million cases of generalized purulent-septic infections are diagnosed. Steady sepsis increase is registered in industrially developed countries. Share of severe sepsis in pathology structure varies from 2 to 43% in different territories. Sepsis still remains among leading causes of human death being characterized by essential hospital lethality (from 30,6 to 80,4%). The patient categories belonging to high risk groups of sepsis development are shown. Special attention is directed to epidemiological manifestations of this pathological syndrome in pediatrics. Features of etiologic spectrum of the sepsis causative agents, increasing etiological importance of multi-resistant bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp., MRSA, VRE, etc.) are demonstrated. In consideration of clinical-epidemiological, social and economic significance of sepsis, studying of its epidemiological aspects is the major direction of activities for Public Health services.

scholarly journals Causative agents of neonatal nosocomial infections and their resistance to antibiotics

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Markovic-Denic ◽  
Jasna Djurisic ◽  
Tatjana Nikolic ◽  
Ruzdi Ramadani ◽  
Slobodanka Ilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Introduction. The aim of the present study was to determine the most frequent microorganisms in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Material and methods. A 6-month prospective study was conducted in a NICU. All neonatal hospital infections were registered, and microorganisms were isolated by standard methods. Their susceptibility to antibiotics was tested using the disk diffusion method. Results. One hundred and fifty-four neonatal nosocomial infections were detected. 87% of all infections were supported by a microbiological diagnosis, and 144 pathogens were isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were dominant (80%). The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Acinetobacter spp. (47.9%), Pseudomonas spp, (23.6%), Klebsiella/Enterobacter spp. (8.3%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (8.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (6.3%) were the most frequent reported gram-positive bacteria. All microorganisms showed resistance to most of commonly used antibiotics. Conclusion. Environmental control around neonatal patients and strict antibiotic policy are important in prevention of nosocomial transmission of resistant bacteria in the NICUs. .

scholarly journals Multidrug-resistant Bacterial Profile and Patterns for Wound Infections in Nongovernmental Hospitals of Jordan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem A. Abu-Harirah ◽  
Audai Jamal Al Qudah ◽  
Emad Daabes ◽  
Kawther Faisal Amawi ◽  
Haitham Qaralleh
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Globally, multidrug-resistant bacteria affects wound infections, both hospital-acquired infections and community-acquired infections. The main isolates cultured from 607 subjects with wound infections were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. [multidrug resistant (MDR)]. Gram-negative bacteria caused most of the infections (67%) compared with gram-positive bacteria. Diabetic patients tend to have wound infections with mixed causative agents compared with non-diabetic patients.

scholarly journals First Report of Hepatitis E Virus in Shellfish in Southeast Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Gianfranco La Bella ◽  
Maria Grazia Basanisi ◽  
Gaia Nobili ◽  
Valentina Terio ◽  
Elisabetta Suffredini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Apulia Region ◽  
Causative Agents

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) represents one of the principal causative agents of hepatitis globally. Among the five HEV genotypes affecting humans, genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic and are the main source of hepatitis E in developed countries. HEV has been detected in several foods. The present work investigated the presence of this virus in shellfish sold at retail in the Apulia region of Italy. The presence of HEV RNA was assessed by real-time RT-PCR in 225 shellfish samples collected during 2018. Overall, two (0.89%) of these samples tested positive for HEV RNA. To our knowledge, this is the first notification of the detection of HEV in mussels sold at retail in the Apulia region. These data highlight the potential role of shellfish as a vehicle for the transmission of viral pathogens.

scholarly journals COVID-19: A Syndemic Requiring an Integrated Approach for Marginalized Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary M. Caron ◽  
Amanda Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Marginalized Populations ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has challenged healthcare systems globally. The health inequities experienced by immigrants, refugees, and racial/ethnic minorities have been aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The socioeconomic, political, and demographic profile of these vulnerable populations places them at increased risk of contracting COVID-19 and experiencing significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic is disproportionally higher among these at-risk groups. The purpose of this perspective is to: (1) highlight the interactions among the social determinants of health (SDoH) and their bi-directional relationship with the COVID-19 pandemic which results in the current syndemic and; (2) offer recommendations that consider an integrated approach to mitigate COVID-19 risk for marginalized populations in general. For these at-risk populations, we discuss how individual, structural, sociocultural, and socioeconomic factors interact with each other to result in a disparate risk to contracting and transmitting COVID-19. Marginalized populations are the world's collective responsibility. We recommend implementing the Essential Public Health Services (EPHS) framework to promote those systems and policies that enable optimal health for all while removing systemic and structural barriers that have created health inequities. The pledge of “Health for All” is often well-accepted in theory, but the intricacy of its practical execution is not sufficiently recognized during this COVID-19 syndemic and beyond.

scholarly journals Survival and Prognostic Factors in Adults Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Retrospective Analysis of 119 Cases

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Alina M Gridjac ◽  
Cristian Daniel Pirlog ◽  
Anca Simona Bojan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Secondary Aml ◽  
Cytogenetic Testing ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease with significant identified prognostic factors. Therefore our aim was to develop an Assessment Scheme of Prognosis in AML based on prognostic factors. In some counties, such as Romania or other less-highly developed countries, this scheme would be beneficial particularly when cytogenetic testing is unavailable or time-intensive. Methods: We analyzed 119 adult patients with AML during a five year-period from a single-center in Romania. We retrospectively collected and analyzed data with Epi Info and Excel using patient medical records. Results: According to age, the group A1 (<60 years) had a 40 months survival, in contrast with the group B1 (≥60 years) with a survival of 19 months (p=0,0063). The group A2 (secondary AML) survived 15 months, whereas the group B2 (AML de novo) survived 40 months (p=0.0021). Additionally, the group A3 (mild comorbidities) achieved a 40 months survival, the group B3 (moderate comorbidities) survived 19 months, whereas the group C3 (severe comorbidities) survived 7 months (p=0,0059). According to WBC and blast number, the group A4 (high levels) had a 25 months survival, whereas the group B4 (low levels) survived 40 months (p=0,0057). Conclusion: The prognostic factors studied are useful to identify the risk level of AML disease for each patient at diagnosis. We developed an assessment scheme of prognosis with three risk groups according to age, secondary AML, comorbidity, WBC and blasts and cytogenetic examination.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic and the future of public health

2021 ◽  
pp. 209660832110224
Author(s):  
Jinling Tang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Rare Opportunity ◽  
Human Death

The COVID-19 pandemic provides us with a rare opportunity to deeply examine the validity of the construction of modern medicine, which is armed by science, and focus more on technologies than on people’s values and more on new ideas than on conventional wisdom. The world’s responses to the COVID-19 emergency have revealed a badly weakened public health system – one of the three pillars of medicine, the other two being basic medicine and clinical medicine. A 100 years ago, public health was the only effective measure for combating infectious diseases, which were then the main cause of human death. It is still a decisive weapon against COVID-19 and other communicable diseases alike, but was barely recognized and trusted at the beginning of the pandemic by the general public and even some international strategists. However, the epidemic has been effectively contained in China by non-pharmacological public health measures, which saved valuable time for the development of vaccines in the country and probably hundreds of thousands of lives as well. Public health aims to improve the health of the entire population by using societal methods. It is not simply a medical issue, and building a strong public health system requires broad participation from various sections of society.

scholarly journals The implementation of tuberculosis examination of potential employment migrants in the country of departure: evaluation of possibilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Boris I. Sergeev ◽  
I. E. Kazanets
Keyword(s):  
Risk Groups ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Reliability Of Results ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Preventive Examination

The migration situation in Russia is characterized by presence of significant number of foreign citizens, including those who are working without official registration and evidence of examination for tuberculosis and other infections. In connection with that, attention is to be paid to propositions concerning organization of preventive examination for tuberculosis in the departure country i.e. medical examination of potential migrants according Russian standards on the basis of local medical institutions. The article presents review of data of official statistics concerning migration and prevalence of tuberculosis including scientific publications about analysis of international experience of organization and implementation of preventive examinations in the departure countries. The experience of implementation of medical examinations of migrants in number of departure countries demonstrates that these programs permit focusing efforts on diagnostic of tuberculosis in one of risk groups hence achieving comparatively high degree of reliability of results and providing economic significance. In the context of conditions in Russia and accounting international experience two scenarios are proposed of implementing preventive examinations for tuberculosis in departure countries: with and without introduction of requirement of preliminary medical inspection of working migrants.

scholarly journals Too Long to Wait: South Asian Migrants’ Experiences of Accessing Health Services in Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Adhikari ◽  
Sabitra Kaphle ◽  
Yamuna Dhakal ◽  
Sabina Duwadi ◽  
Rajan Subedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Waiting Periods

Abstract Background: Migrants settling in a new country experience multiple complexity to navigate health systems and ways of living. In South Asia, migrating to developed countries for better life opportunities has been the ongoing trend and migration to Australia has significantly increased in recent years. The lower utilisation services and higher risks of chronic diseases among South Asian migrants has been an ongoing challenge for the health system to tackle and little is known why these groups of population do not access services. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing experiences of accessing health services by South Asian migrants in Australia. Methods: Using mixed method design, 62 online surveys and 14 in-depth interviews were conducted with participants from four countries of South Asia - Nepal, India, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka. Participants were recruited using a purposive snowball sampling approach following the standard ethical process. Survey data were analysed descriptively in SPSS to derive relationships between variables. Interview data were recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically. Results: South Asian migrants experienced various complexities while accessing health services in Australia. Experiences of accessing health services highlighted a number of factors; long waiting periods to access public health services, expensive nature of private health services and communication problems due to socio-cultural differences. While these migrants have comparatively better experiences about the services in Australia than in their home country, they have expectations for affordable, timely, respectful, and culturally friendly services. South Asian migrants shared the possibility of making services accessible to them by investing more resources in the health sectors, so they can receive the expected quality of care in public settings. Conclusions: Limited evidence is available to understand the factors leading to lower utilisation of services and higher risks of chronic diseases among South Asian migrants. So, this study highlighted numbers of social, cultural, financial, and institutional factors that are critical to design appropriate health service strategies. This study recommended incorporating a collaborative and culturally competent model of care to increase access to services which can further help to reduce existing disparities in health outcomes among migrant populations.

Emerging carbapenem resistance in ESKAPE organisms in sub-Saharan Africa and the way forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
John Njeru
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Enterobacter Species ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Sub Saharan

The epidemiology of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE) and their role in the development and spread of multidrug resistance (MDR) is not well characterized in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Carbapenems possess a broad spectrum of activity and are often reserved for the treatment of MDR infections in developed countries. However, the emergence of carbapenem resistance is increasingly being reported and therefore presents a significant public health threat. Although carbapenems are generally unavailable in African hospitals due to high cost, a small number of studies have reported the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria (CRB) in SSA. This, therefore, shows that carbapenem resistance (CR) is emerging in Africa. Thus, there is a critical need for deploying robust national and regional multidisciplinary, collaborative, and regulatory approaches aiming at elucidating the epidemiology of CR, its burden on the health care system, and strategies for compacting the development and spread of CR. This report hopes to highlight the epidemiology of carbapenem resistance and the main drivers of antibiotic resistance in SSA and proposes future strategies that can be used to combat the emergence of carbapenem resistance in the region

scholarly journals CON: COVID-19 will not result in increased antimicrobial resistance prevalence

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Collignon ◽  
John J Beggs
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
And Control

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is affected by many factors, but too much of our focus has been on antimicrobial usage. The major factor that drives resistance rates globally is spread. The COVID-19 pandemic should lead to improved infection prevention and control practices, both in healthcare facilities and the community. COVID-19 will also have ongoing and profound effects on local, national and international travel. All these factors should lead to a decrease in the spread of resistant bacteria. So overall, COVID-19 should lead to a fall in resistance rates seen in many countries. For this debate we show why, overall, COVID-19 will not result in increased AMR prevalence. But globally, changes in AMR rates will not be uniform. In wealthier and developed countries, resistance rates will likely decrease, but in many other countries there are already too many factors associated with poor controls on the spread of bacteria and viruses (e.g. poor water and sanitation, poor public health, corrupt government, inadequate housing, etc.). In these countries, if economies and governance deteriorate further, we might see even more transmission of resistant bacteria.

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