Geospatial Assessment of the Consumption and Absorption of Residential and Educational Land Uses of Zaria and Sabon Gari Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

Human variables such as population increase and distribution, as well as economic expansion, have a strong impact on land usage. Zaria and Sabon Gari local government areas are endowed with various types of institutions that attract people from far and near to its space for studies and employments. This in turn leads to increase in population growth and the expansion of residential land use (LU). Thus, this study assessed the Land Consumption Rate (LCR) and Land Absorption Coefficient (LAC) of the residential and educational LUs using geospatial technique. The study analyzed Landsat imagery of 1987, 1999, 2006, and 2018. The study utilized a combination of quantitative (pixel-based) and qualitative (digitizing) methods of image classification for classifying the residential and educational LUs and biophysical covers. Quantitative assessment of the LU dynamics was achieved by the post-classification computation of LU dynamics, LCR, and LAC. The results revealed that residential LU occupied an area of 2594.25ha in 1987, 2815.15ha in 1999, 4042.54ha in 2006, and 8033.19ha in 2018. In the same vein, the educational LU occupied area of 2623.41ha in 1987, 2991.87ha in 1999, 3021.10ha in 2006, and 3093.75ha in 2018. The LCR values for residential LU were 0.555%, 0.468%, 0.579%, and 0.803% for the years 1987, 1999, 2006, and 2018 respectively. The LCR reduced from 1987 to 1999 and then increased from 1999 to 2018. The LAC values for the residential LU increased across the period of the study. The study concluded that the exploitation of the new lands for residential and educational LUs could be as a result of the demographic and institutional drivers of LU. The study suggested that the urban planning authority should develop planning measures that will regulate the already crowded residential LU in the study area.was transformation of rocky surface and waterbody into urban area, which was caused by population growth, human and agricultural activities in Zuru metropolis.

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Spatio-Temporal Evaluation of Urban Growth of Zuru Metropolis, Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology - March 2018 ◽

10.36263/nijest.2021.02.0293 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 456-467

Author(s):

Y.A. Maleeks ◽

A.O. Aliyu ◽

A. Bala ◽

A.U. Isiaka ◽

K.Z. Atta

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Urban Area ◽

Urban Growth ◽

Water Body ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Landsat Imagery ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Population Increase ◽

Urban Dynamics ◽

Spatio Temporal

The pattern of development in a city is mostly governed by urban dynamics, with population increase being the primary driving force. Built-up cover is the most important predictor of urban expansion. Zuru metropolis in Kebbi State has witnessed remarkable developmental activities caused by human influences such as buildings, road constructions, and population growth for over decades. Urban growth was ascertained for a period of 30 years through the analysis of Landsat imagery of 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018. The datasets were classified into five (5) land covers, namely, built-up, water body, rocky surface, vegetation, and others. Quantitative assessment of the urban growth was ascertained by computing post-classification LC dynamics and Land Consumption Rate/Land Absorption Coefficient (LCR/LAC). The results showed that the built-up cover (urban area) conspicuously increased with area of 693.35 ha, 728.74 ha, 5210.5 ha and 6845.75 ha respectively for the period of study (1988 – 2018). The increment in built-up area was indicative of population growth from 1988 to 2018. The study revealed that between 1988 to 2018 showed that built-up increased by 11.78%, while rocky surface and water body have shrunk by 16.44% and 0.02% respectively, which can be attributed to anthropogenic activities in which rocky surface and waterbody have been transformed into built-up cover. It further revealed that the urban area experienced crowdedness in the years 2008 and 2018 respectively due to high LCR values of 2.71% compared to LCR values of 0.0714% and 0.0558% in 1988 and 1998. Land transformation into urban area and spread of the population to the outskirts of the study area was prominent between 1998 and 2008 due to high LAC value of 0.0998. The study concluded that there was transformation of rocky surface and waterbody into urban area, which was caused by population growth, human and agricultural activities in Zuru metropolis.

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Population growth and urban expansion in the city of Salt in the period 1994 - 2015: النمو السكاني والتوسع العمراني في مدينة السلط في الفترة 1994-2015

Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences - مجلة العلوم الإنسانية و الإجتماعية ◽

10.26389/ajsrp.w110120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Wishah Abedel Kareem Wishah

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Population Increase ◽

Land Uses ◽

Industrial Land ◽

Population Growth Rates ◽

Random Construction ◽

Agricultural Areas ◽

The City ◽

Main Streets

The research aimed to identify the population growth rates, urban expansion and the factors that affected that expansion in the city of Salt, in addition to identifying the causes of population growth and rapid urban expansion in the city of Salt, the research followed the historical approach and the inductive approach. The research reached a number of results, the most important of which is that the city of Salt has witnessed an abnormal boom in the increase in its population as a result of the wars in Palestine and the Syrian refugee, which has affected the growth of its population and the increase in its area and its urban expansion, and this has led to the multiplicity of the city's jobs and interference in residential, artisan and industrial land uses Commercial and agricultural areas, as the population of the city of Salt developed from (61159) in 1994, while in 2015 the population reached (99890), which in turn contributed to increasing the growth of the city's size and area, and this population increase has resulted in an unorganized urban expansion towards the main streets and mountain slopes and led to the emergence of random construction and overlapping land uses, in addition to that the research confirmed that the urban expansion in the study period (1994-2015) expanded horizontally more than perpendicular to the expense of agricultural lands.

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SPATIAL-TEMPORAL VARIATION AS AN EFFECTIVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH IN MARARABAN GURUKU, NASARAWA STATE NIGERIA

Acta Scientifica Malaysia ◽

10.26480/asm.01.2020.04.08 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 04-08

Author(s):

Ibrahim Sufiyan ◽

Jummai H.H. ◽

Magaji J I ◽

K.D Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Population Change ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Population Increase ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Population Census ◽

Strong Impact ◽

High Population Growth ◽

High Crime ◽

Almost All

One of the determinants of people’s numbers is the socioeconomic prosperities of a particular place in the context of population census. The population is defined as the total number of people, animals and other variables per unit area in the environment. This study focuses on the negative and positive aspects of population growth and distribution. The study also covers possible factors influencing population growth and distribution in Mararaban Guruku, Karu Local Government Area of Nasarawa State. The data presented were obtained from the National Population Commission with a focus on socio-economic data and made use of appropriate statistical analysis of coefficient of determination (R2). Almost all the models have a strong and significant correlation. The multiple regression analysis defined the fitness the model at 0.9 and 0.8. The result indicates positive correlation of dependency ratio and strong impact on population increase. Mararaban Guruku is considered to have high population growth and subjected to negative influence population change ranging from high crime rate, growth of urban slums and ghetto, unemployment and overcrowding. However, it is suggested by the respondents that people are becoming aware of the use of family planning as an effective avenue of Birth control.

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Toward a Dualistic Growth? Population Increase and Land-Use Change in Rome, Italy

Land ◽

10.3390/land10070749 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 749

Author(s):

Leonardo Bianchini ◽

Gianluca Egidi ◽

Ahmed Alhuseen ◽

Adele Sateriano ◽

Sirio Cividino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Population Growth ◽

Mediterranean Basin ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Arable Land ◽

Central Italy ◽

Agricultural Landscapes ◽

Population Increase ◽

Per Capita

The spatial mismatch between population growth and settlement expansion is at the base of current models of urban growth. Empirical evidence is increasingly required to inform planning measures promoting urban containment in the context of a stable (or declining) population. In these regards, per-capita indicators of land-use change can be adopted with the aim at evaluating long-term sustainability of urbanization processes. The present study assesses spatial variations in per-capita indicators of land-use change in Rome, Central Italy, at five years (1949, 1974, 1999, 2008, and 2016) with the final objective of quantifying the mismatch between urban expansion and population growth. Originally specialized in agricultural productions, Rome’s metropolitan area is a paradigmatic example of dispersed urban expansion in the Mediterranean basin. By considering multiple land-use dynamics, per-capita indicators of landscape change delineated three distinctive waves of growth corresponding with urbanization, suburbanization, and a more mixed stage with counter-urbanization and re-urbanization impulses. By reflecting different socioeconomic contexts on a local scale, urban fabric and forests were identified as the ‘winner’ classes, expanding homogeneously over time at the expense of cropland. Agricultural landscapes experienced a more heterogeneous trend with arable land and pastures declining systematically and more fragmented land classes (e.g., vineyards and olive groves) displaying stable (or slightly increasing) trends. The continuous reduction of per-capita surface area of cropland that’s supports a reduced production base, which is now insufficient to satisfy the rising demand for fresh food at the metropolitan scale, indicates the unsustainability of the current development in Rome and more generally in the whole Mediterranean basin, a region specialized traditionally in (proximity) agricultural productions.

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Plant Resistance in Some Modern Soybean Varieties May Favor Population Growth and Modify the Stylet Penetration of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toab008 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mauricélia F Almeida ◽

Clébson S Tavares ◽

Euires O Araújo ◽

Marcelo C Picanço ◽

Eugênio E Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

Population Increase ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Bt Toxin ◽

Demographic Performance

Abstract Complaints of severe damage by whiteflies in soybean fields containing genetically engineered (GE) varieties led us to investigate the role of transgenic soybean varieties expressing resistance to some insects (Cry1Ac Bt toxin) and to herbicide (glyphosate) on the population growth and feeding behavior of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). In the laboratory, the whiteflies reared on the GE Bt soybeans had a net reproductive rate (R0) 100% higher and intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) 15% higher than those reared on non-GE soybeans. The increased demographic performance was associated with a higher lifetime fecundity. In electrical penetration graphs, the whiteflies reared on the GE soybeans had fewer probes and spent 50% less time before reaching the phloem phase from the beginning of the first successful probe, indicating a higher risk of transmission of whitefly-borne viruses. Data from Neotropical fields showed a higher population density of B. tabaci on two soybean varieties expressing glyphosate resistance and Cry1Ac Bt toxin. These results indicate that some GE soybean varieties expressing insect and herbicide resistances can be more susceptible to whiteflies than non-GE ones or those only expressing herbicide resistance. Most likely, these differences are related to varietal features that increase host-plant susceptibility to whiteflies. Appropriate pest management may be needed to deal with whiteflies in soybean fields, especially in warm regions, and breeders may want to consider the issue when developing new soybean varieties.

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MALTHUS, NINETEENTH-CENTURY SOCIALISM, AND MARX

The Historical Journal ◽

10.1017/s0018246x19000165 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 91-106

Author(s):

GARETH STEDMAN JONES

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Political Economy ◽

Population Increase ◽

William Godwin ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Economic Crises ◽

Main Criticism ◽

Uncultivated Land ◽

Malthusian Theory

ABSTRACTThis article examines radical and socialist responses to Malthus's Essay on population, beginning with the response of William Godwin, Malthus's main object of attack, but focusing particularly upon the position adopted by his most important admirer, Robert Owen. The anti-Malthus position was promoted and sustained both by Owen and the subsequent Owenite movement. Owenites stressed both the extent of uncultivated land and the capacity of science to raise the productivity of the soil. The Owenite case, preached weekly in Owenite Halls of Science, and argued by its leading lecturer, John Watts, made a strong impact upon the young Frederick Engels working in Manchester in 1843–4. His denunciation of political economy in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher, heavily dependent upon the Owenite position, was what first encouraged Marx to engage with political economy. Marx initially reiterated the position of Engels and the Owenites in maintaining that population increase pressured means of employment rather than means of subsistence, and that competition rather than overpopulation caused economic crises. But in his later work, his main criticism of the Malthusian theory was its false conflation of history and nature.

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The Nigerian population: A treasure for national development or an unsurmountable national challenge

International Journal of Science and Research Archive ◽

10.30574/ijsra.2021.2.1.0026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 136-142

Author(s):

Vitalis Jafla Pontianus ◽

Oruonye E.D.

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Human Capital ◽

Population Growth ◽

National Development ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Resource Scarcity ◽

Population Increase ◽

High Population ◽

Major Player ◽

The World

Nigeria is the most populous black nation in the world. It is equally one of the Less Developed Countries (LDCs) with very high population. Population growth is a very important element and a challenge in the development process in LDCs. The population of Nigeria is expected to continue to grow up to 239 million by 2025 and 440 million by 2050, thereby ranking it to 4th position among countries of the World with high population. This without doubt will place Nigeria in a position of major player in the global system, and more importantly in the African region. It is against this background that this study examines Nigeria’s population composition by poising the following questions; will Nigeria’s present and future population structure be a benefit or a burden? How can Nigeria’s relative share of working-age composition (15- 64) and dependents (under 15 and 65 and over) contribute to long term economic growth and development of the country? The findings of the study reveals that population growth is a critical factor in the development of any economy, providing workforce for production of goods and services to boost economic development and a critical determinant of the potentials of a country’s investment. The study findings also show that continuous population growth militates against economic growth through inducement of poverty, falling medical care/services and environmental degradation, worsen resource scarcity in areas where a large proportion of the population already relies on natural resource-based livelihoods. The study argued that population increase is not a problem in itself to any nation, and that there are some impeding factors associated with population growth such as corruption, inadequate planning, inappropriate implementation of development plans, poor budget/implementation and complacency in developing human capital. These are issues that the Nigerian state since independence have continued to battle with which has invariably made it a seemingly failed state. The study concludes that how much any country can benefit from its population size is dependent on the quality of human capital. Based on the findings, the study recommends economic diversification, government empowerment of Small and Medium scale Enterprises, paying attention to human capital development and target-oriented education.

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Abstract P266: The Association Of Recent Age-specific Growth Of The > 65 Years Population With Heart Disease Mortality In The United States, 2005-2017

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p266 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Stephen Sidney ◽

Sadiya S Khan ◽

Yariv Gerber ◽

Donald M Lloyd-jones ◽

Alan S Go ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Population Growth ◽

Total Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Population Increase ◽

Age Group ◽

Specific Population ◽

Time Periods

Introduction: In 2011, the number of deaths with an underlying cause of heart disease (HD) reached its lowest level in 56 years. However, there has subsequently been a steady increase in the annual number of total HD deaths, owing to a rapid increase (23%) in the size of the population ≥65 years of age in the U.S. To understand these trends, we sought to characterize differences between 2005-2011 and 2011-2017 in population and mortality by age subgroups among those ≥65 years. Methods: We determined age-specific population size, HD mortality rate, and absolute number of HD deaths in the ≥65 age group for the time periods 2005-2011 and 2011-2017, as well as for the <65 years age group, using the CDC WONDER online data set. Results: Age-specific population growth was greatest among those 65-74 years between 2005-2011 and 2011-2017, representing 76% of the total population growth among those ≥65 years old in both time periods (Table) and 51% of the growth for the entire population from 2011-2017. From 2005-2011, decreases in the mortality rate of 20% or greater in each of the age subgroups (65-74, 75-84, 85+) resulted in a decline in the number of total HD deaths in each of the age groups in spite of substantial population increases in the 65-74 and 85+ age groups. However, subsequent changes in the age-specific mortality rate among those ≥65 years were lower than population increases from 2011-2017, resulting in an increased number of total HD deaths in all > 65 years age subgroups. This was most notable among those age 65-74 years in whom the 32% population increase with a 1.5% decline in the mortality rate resulted in a 30% increase in the number of HD deaths, representing 61.3% of the increase in number of HD deaths in the 65+ years age group and 53% of the increase of HD deaths in all age groups from 2011-2017. Conclusions: The rapid growth of the 65-74 years age group (baby boomers) accounts for most of the population growth in the ≥65 years age group and more than half the increase in both total population growth and the total number of HD deaths from 2011-2017.

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Seasonal trends in the rate of population increase of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on cucumber

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300041353 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 87 (5) ◽

pp. 487-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

V. Jarošík ◽

M. Koliáš ◽

L. Lapchin ◽

J. Rochat ◽

A.F.G. Dixon

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽

First Generation ◽

Developmental Rate ◽

Exponential Phase ◽

Population Increase ◽

Developmental Threshold ◽

Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽

Lower Developmental Threshold ◽

Effective Temperatures

AbstractThe developmental rate of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) was determined on cucumber Cucumis sativus cv. Sandra over a range of constant temperatures. The lower developmental threshold (LDT) and the sum of effective temperatures (SET) for the pre-imaginal development were 10.7°C and 231.1°C, respectively. The rate of population increase was assessed as the sum of effective temperatures above the lower developmental threshold by monitoring the numbers of thrips on individual leaves of cucumber under commercial greenhouse conditions. Population growth was characterized by an early stochastic phase, corresponding to pre-imaginal development of the first generation, and followed by an exponential phase starting with the second generation, the rate of which did not vary between plants. Throughout the exponential phase, the rate of population growth increased with time/age of plant. As significant damage to cucumber may occur during the exponential phase of population increase, the sum of effective temperatures of 231°C can be used to predict when damage is likely to start to occur.

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If They Come, Where will We Build It? Land-Use Implications of Two Forest Conservation Policies in the Deep Creek Watershed

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10070581 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 581

Author(s):

Markandu Anputhas ◽

Johannus Janmaat ◽

Craig Nichol ◽

Adam Wei

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Population Growth ◽

Forest Conservation ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Urban Land Use ◽

Land Use Type ◽

Land Uses ◽

Conservation Policies ◽

Creek Watershed

Research Highlights: Forest conservation policies can drive land-use change to other land-use types. In multifunctional landscapes, forest conservation policies will therefore impact on other functions delivered by the landscape. Finding the best pattern of land use requires considering these interactions. Background and Objectives: Population growth continues to drive the development of land for urban purposes. Consequently, there is a loss of other land uses, such as agriculture and forested lands. Efforts to conserve one type of land use will drive more change onto other land uses. Absent effective collaboration among affected communities and relevant institutional agents, unexpected and undesirable land-use change may occur. Materials and Methods: A CLUE-S (Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small Scales) model was developed for the Deep Creek watershed, a small sub-basin in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada. The valley is experiencing among the most rapid population growth of any region in Canada. Land uses were aggregated into one forested land-use type, one urban land-use type, and three agricultural types. Land-use change was simulated for combinations of two forest conservation policies. Changes are categorized by location, land type, and an existing agricultural land policy. Results: Forest conservation policies drive land conversion onto agricultural land and may increase the loss of low elevation forested land. Model results show where the greatest pressure for removing land from agriculture is likely to occur for each scenario. As an important corridor for species movement, the loss of low elevation forest land may have serious impacts on habitat connectivity. Conclusions: Forest conservation policies that do not account for feedbacks can have unintended consequences, such as increasing conversion pressures on other valued land uses. To avoid surprises, land-use planners and policy makers need to consider these interactions. Models such as CLUE-S can help identify these spatial impacts.

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