scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF UNDIAGNOSED HYPERTENSION AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG ADULTS IN GAJIDA TOWN, NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Mukhtar Yakubu Gajida ◽  
Dr. Shumaila Hanif ◽  
Aishat Shittu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
World Health ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Hypertension is a world health problem which is strongly related with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature deaths. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and associated risk factors among adults in Gajida town. The blood pressure (BP) of 364 participants was measured. Risk factors of high BP (age, gender, obesity, occupational stress, family history, educational level, dietary habits and smoking) were assessed. The data obtained was analyzed using both descriptive and interferential statistics. The descriptive (mean, standard deviation & percentage) and inferential (Pearson, Spearman & Mann-Whitney-U) statistics were used to summarize/analyze the data at P<0.05 using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) (version 16.0). Out of 364 participants, 185 (50.8%) were males and 179 (49.2%) were females. On average, participant’s age was 33 years, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 110 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 80 mm Hg and BMI was 19.96 kg/m2. About 153 (41.9%) of the participants were housewives and 138 (37.9%) were not educated. Prevalence of undiagnosed HTN was 23.6%. Gender, age, BMI, and educational level were found to be associated significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with HTN. Occupational stress, history of HTN, family history of HTN, dietary habits and smoking showed no significant relationship (p ≥ 0.05). A moderate prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was found among adults in Gajida town. Hypertension is associated with gender, age, BMI, and educational level. There is a need to detect and manage cases of undiagnosed hypertension through regular measurements.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Obesity in Medical students and its correlation with cardiovascular risk factors: Emergency Alarm for Today?

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
G. Purohit ◽  
T. Shah ◽  
J.M. Harsoda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
History Of

Background It is predicted that the prevalence of overweight and obesity will rise significantly by 2015 in young population. Problem of overweight and obesity has been recognized as public health problem worldwide due to the fact that it increases the risk of chronic diseases such as Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD), stroke, diabetes, sleep apnoea, osteoarthritis etc.Objective To assess the body mass index in medical students and its association with various cardiovascular risk factors like blood pressure, dietary habits, and family history of cardiovascular diseases.Method A university based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Department of Physiology, Smt. B.K. Shah Medical Institute & Research Center, Vadodara, Gujarat. Data was collected through convenient sampling technique by using self-administered questionnaire followed by anthropometric measurement. Body Mass Index (BMI) of 138 first year medical students was assessed. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean blood pressure, pulse rate and arterial oxygen saturation were measured.Result Data was compiled in excel sheet, analyzed for percentage and proportion. Chi square and Pearson correlation test were also applied and alpha error was set at 5% level. In comparison to the students with normal BMI, students with BMI >25 kg/m2 (N=49) showed significantly high blood pressure indices. Dietary habits and family history of cardiovascular diseases were also noted. Highly significant association of high BMI was found with elevated blood pressure (X2=7.4042***, p<0.001) and presence of family history of cardiovascular diseases X2=9.8625***, p<0.001). BMI is negatively correlated with SpO2 (r= -0.0504, p<0.05) and pulse rate, while positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r=0.2736) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.0275).Conclusion In conclusion, majority (more than 35%) of medical students were overweight, high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors like family history, elevated blood pressure and less SpO2.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic Characteristics, Risk Factors and Awareness of Adults Hypertensive Population in Khartoum Locality, 2014

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Asma Abdelaal Abdalla ◽  
Mohammed Eltahir Abdalrahman Alagib ◽  
Siham Ahmed Balla
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hypertensive Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

Aims: To identify the prevalence of hypertensions, socio demographic characteristics, risk factor and awareness of the study population about hypertension in Khartoum Locality. Study Design: A descriptive community-based cross-sectional study. Place of Study: Khartoum locality, Sudan. Methodology: A total of 587 adult participants were interviewed using structured close ended questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured considering hypertension as ≥ 140 mmHg and ≥ 90 mmHg for systole and diastole blood pressure respectively. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and the cutoff points were derived from World Health Organization (WHO) reference criteria to classify BMI as normal, overweight and obese. Chi square test was used to assess the association of socio demographic characteristics and risk factors with hypertensive population. Results: The prevalence of hypertensive accounted to 216 (36.8%).  Thirty seven hypertensive participants (17%) were not aware about having hypertension, 86 (40%) were not aware about at least one complication of HTN and 117(54%) were not aware about the normal measures of blood pressure. The hypertensive participants were significantly high in the age group 25- 64 years of age and above. Females were significantly having hypertension more than males, 155 (72%) versus 61 (28%). Married participants were significantly having hypertension more than non-married, 169(78%) and 47(22%) respectively. Unemployed participants were significantly having hypertension more than employed ones, 168 (77.8%) and 48 (22.2%) respectively. Risk factors among hypertensive participants were significantly found among overweight 67 (31%) and obese 115 (53%), positive family history of hypertension 139 (65%), increase salt in food149 (69.3%) and physical inactivity 166 (77%). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension among Khartoum locality was high.  Hypertensive population awareness was low. Age, sex, marital status, education and employment were significantly associated with hypertensive population. Obesity and overweight, family history of hypertension, increase salt in food and physical inactivity were risk factors among hypertensive study population.

scholarly journals Study on Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension at Sipaghat of Sindhupalchowk District, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Naresh Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypertension is a progressive cardiovascular syndrome arising from complex and interrelated etiologies. Males have slightly higher prevalence than female in most of countries of Southeast-Asian region.Objective: The objective of study is to find out prevalence and the risk factors of hypertension at Sipaghat, Sindhulchowk, Nepal.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sipaghat of Sindhupalchowk district in May 2016 and 260 persons were selected randomly. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was higher in male (25.4%) than female (17.4%). Mean age of study population was 42.08 years with standard deviation, 15.95 years. Variables namely age group, smoking, alcohol consumption and family history of hypertension were found to be significant at 5 percent level of significance. Alcohol consumption and smokers have more than two times higher chance of getting hypertension compared to alcohol non-consumer and nonsmoker with 95% confidence intervals were 1.08-4.80 and 1.21-6.10, respectively. Persons with family history of hypertension have 3.8 times more chance of getting hypertension compared to no family history of hypertension with 1.89-7.61 of 95% confidence interval.Conclusion: Lifestyle modification reduces blood pressure which prevents or delays the incidence of hypertension. Hypertension can be controlled and prevented by modifying the lifestyle. People should be advised to avoid modifiable risk factors of hypertension like smoking, consumption of alcohol and physical inactivity through health education programs.Nepalese Journal of Statistics, 2017, Vol. 1, 73-82

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors among 34,111 HAART Naïve HIV-Infected Adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Njelekela ◽  
Alfa Muhihi ◽  
Akum Aveika ◽  
Donna Spiegelman ◽  
Claudia Hawkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background. Elevated blood pressure has been reported among treatment naïve HIV-infected patients. We investigated prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in a HAART naïve HIV-infected population in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among HAART naïve HIV-infected patients. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg. Overweight and obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) between 25.0–29.9 kg/m2and ≥30 kg/m2, respectively. We used relative risks to examine factors associated with hypertension.Results. Prevalence of hypertension was found to be 12.5%. After adjusting for possible confounders, risk of hypertension was 10% more in male than female patients. Patients aged ≥50 years had more than 2-fold increased risk for hypertension compared to 30–39-years-old patients. Overweight and obesity were associated with 51% and 94% increased risk for hypertension compared to normal weight patients. Low CD4+ T-cell count, advanced WHO clinical disease stage, and history of TB were associated with 10%, 42%, and 14% decreased risk for hypertension.Conclusions. Older age, male gender, and overweight/obesity were associated with hypertension. Immune suppression and history of TB were associated with lower risk for hypertension. HIV treatment programs should screen and manage hypertension even in HAART naïve individuals.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus infections among pregnant women attending maternity wards at two hospitals in Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255189
Author(s):  
Muhammad Israr ◽  
Fawad Ali ◽  
Arif Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Idrees ◽  
Aishma Khattak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Background & aim Hepatitis B and C infections are global issues that are associated with a massive financial burden in developing countries where vertical transmission is the major mode and remains high. This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among 375 pregnant women attending antenatal care health facilities at Bacha Khan Medical Complex (BKMC) Shahmansoor and District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospital Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methodology From a total of 375 pregnant women selected using systematic random sampling from both hospitals, 10 ml of blood samples were collected and alienated serum was examined for indicators identification through the Immuno-Chromatographic Test (ICT) and 3rd Generation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic data and possible risk factors. The data was analyzed via SPSS 23.0 statistical software. A chi-square analysis was performed to determine the association between variables. P-value < 0.05 was set statistically significant. Results The overall frequency of HBV and HCV among 375 pregnant women involved in the study was 3.7% and 2.1% respectively. None of the pregnant women were co-infected with HBV and HCV. Dental extraction (P = 0.001) and blood transfusion (P = 0.0005) were significantly allied with HBV infection while surgical procedure (P = 0.0001) was significantly associated with HCV infection. Moreover the sociodemographic characteristics: residential status (P = 0.017) and educational level (P = 0.048) were found significant risk factors of HBsAg and maternal age (P = 0.033) of anti-HCV, respectively. Conclusion & recommendation HBV and HCV infections are intermediary endemic in the study area. A higher prevalence of HBV was detected among pregnant mothers with a history of dental extraction, history of blood transfusion, resident to the urban area and low educational level. The age and surgical procedures were the potential risk factors found significantly associated with HCV positivity among pregnant mothers in our setup. Future negotiations to control vertical transmission should include routine antenatal screening for these infections early in pregnancy and the requirement of efficient preventive tools including the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine in combination with hepatitis B immune globulins to the neonate.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Psoriasis Vulgaris and Its Associated Risk Factors in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 390-395
Author(s):  
Syeda Ujala Sohail ◽  
Nasima Iqbal ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Sarwath Fatimee ◽  
Ayesha Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Family History ◽  
Psoriasis Vulgaris ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
P Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Aim: To find out the prevalence of psoriasis vulgaris and its associated risk factors. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at Rawalpindi Leprosy Hospital during January 2019 to December 2019. Methodology: The diagnosed cases of Psoriasis Vulgaris (PsV) were included in the study. All the patients were investigated on the basis of an in depth Performa. The Performa include all the relevant clinical and family history of the patient along with the personal details. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. All the numerical variables were presented as mean with standard deviation while categorical data as frequency and percentages. The association of risk factors with the Psoriasis was calculated by using the Chi-square test. p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Mean age with standard deviation of patients was 34.7±14. Most of the diagnosed patients were male and below 40 years of age, only 4.2% cases were having positive family history of Psoriasis and found significant correlation. The frequency of onset of symptoms in adolescent was more as compared to childhood i.e. 95.3% and 4.7% respectively. Majority of psoriasis cases (65.3%) were from non-smoker group and having strong association with smoking. The frequency of arthritis among psoriasis patients was 23.7% and majority of the patients, who developed arthritis were those having age <40 year and were suffering from psoriasis since 5-10 years. Conclusion: Current study concluded that Psoriasis vulgar is having higher prevalence rate among male and below 40 years of age group. The results also suggested a strong association of severity of psoriasis with certain risk factors including family history, age of onset of symptoms, smoking and arthritis.

P1857SALT CONSUMPTION, LIFESTYLE AND PROTEINURIA IN A HETEROGENEOUS YOUNG POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Zullo ◽  
Lorenzo Dallari ◽  
Alfredo Bagalà ◽  
Chiara Somma ◽  
Giuseppe Ferro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake ◽  
Italian Regions

Abstract Background and Aims Obesity, hypertension, smoke, high dietary salt intake and physical inactivity are the main modifiable risk factors for chronic kidney disease, that affects about 9-10% of Italian people. About daily salt intake, the World Health Organization recommends a maximum consumption of 5 grams of salt per day. In Italy, most people consume too much salt – on average 8-10 grams per day or around twice the recommended maximum level of intake. Aim of this study was to investigate dietary habits and lifestyle of the heterogeneous students population of “Scuola Carabinieri di Firenze” (attended by people coming from all Italian regions) and their relations with urinary abnormalities. Method from November 2018 to March 2019 we collected anamnestic and anthropometric data, blood pressure measurements and body cellular mass (BCM) of 257 young subjects (152 males, 105 females; mean age 32 + 11 yy). We determinated sodium, chlorine and protein excretion on a spot urine sample in addition to plasma creatinine levels. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Results We analyzed preliminary data of urinary sodium excretion (UNa), proteinuria (Up) and hematuria (Urbc) of all the subjects. Fifty-five percent of them had a UNa higher than 100 mmol/L (approximately equivalent to a dietary salt intake of 6 grams/day). In these subjects with higher salt consumption, Up and Urbc, measured by urine dipstick, were detectable in 32% and 21% respectively. In subjects with lower salt intake (less than 6 grams/day), Up and Urbc were 0% and 5% respectively. To determine if there was an association between our variables, we used Pearson correlation coefficient. We found that UNa was directly related to Up (r 0.26, p 0.002), age (r 0.22 p 0.011) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, r 0.22, p 0.012). We also found that poor exercise (r -0.15, p 0.7) and low lean body mass percentage (r -0.15, p 0.7) were inversely related to UNa. Conclusion high dietary salt intake is associated with elevated blood pressure and proteinuria in a young and “healthy” population. Hypertension and proteinuria are both known risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease. Wrong dietary habits and lifestyles must be detected and corrected in order to prevent nephropathy onset.

MO653RISK FACTORS FOR DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY AMONG NEWLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
Shahana Zaman ◽  
Samira Humaira Habib
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Family History ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background and Aims Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease; principally resulting from the increasing prevalence of type 2 DM (T2DM). Patients with T2DM pass through pre-diabetic stages and at the time of diagnosis, up to half of the T2DM patients may have different macro- and micro-vascular complications, including diabetic nephropathy. Hypertension has adverse impacts on diabetic nephropathy. This study was designed to evaluate the risk factors for diabetic nephropathy among newly detected T2DM patients with normal blood pressure. Method This case-control study was done at out-patient department of a referral hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2018 to June 2019. Newly detected (&lt;3 months), adult (≥18 years), T2DM patients of either sex, who underwent test for urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), at least twice (6 weeks apart), within a 6-month period, were included in this study. Patients with hypertension (newly diagnosed or known cases/on antihypertensive medications), known kidney disease, features of glomerulonephritis, systemic diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis, history of recent fever and exercise, urinary tract infection and pregnancy were excluded. Patients with UACR ≥30 mg/g in at least two (of three, if done) samples were cases and those with UACR &lt;30 mg/g were controls. Results Total patients were 135, including 27 cases [moderately increased proteinuria (previously, microalbuminuria) (UACR 30 – 299 mg/g) = 25 and severely increased proteinuria (previously, overt proteinuria) (UACR ≥300 mg/g) = 2] and 108 controls. Mean age was 42.9 years and there was female (64.8%) predominance. Thirteen percent patients were smokers, 12% had dyslipidaemia, 51% had family history of DM and 44.9% had family history of diabetic nephropathy. Besides diabetic nephropathy, other chronic complications of DM were diabetic retinopathy (6.7%), diabetic peripheral neuropathy (0.7%) and coronary artery disease (1.5%). Regarding risk factors for diabetic nephropathy, family history of DM [odds ratio (OR) = 2.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.923 – 5.415, p = 0.003) and diabetic nephropathy (OR = 3.28, 95% CI = 1.523 – 9.297, p = 0.001), smoking (OR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.066 – 0.934, p = 0.003), dyslipidaemia (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 0.241 – 3.464, p = 0.004) and coexisting diabetic retinopathy (OR = 6.51, 95% CI = 1.46 – 11.79, p = 0.003) were significant. On multivariate logistic regression, family history of DM (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.412 – 4.216, p = 0.003) and diabetic nephropathy (OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 2.145 – 5.249, p = 0.001), smoking (OR = 3.11, 95% CI = 2.234 – 4.123, p = 0.003), dyslipidaemia (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.363 – 3.324, p = 0.005) and diabetic retinopathy (OR = 6.23, 95% CI = 4.197 – 9.464, p = 0.004) were significant. Conclusion Family history of DM and diabetic nephropathy, smoking, dyslipidaemia and concomitant diabetic retinopathy were significant risk factors for diabetic nephropathy among newly diagnosed T2DM patients with normal blood pressure.

Prevalence of High Blood Pressure among Adolescents in a Private University in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
NC Ogu ◽  
AE Ladele ◽  
DO Afolabi ◽  
JO Sotunsa ◽  
FI Ani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Private University ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Classi Cation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objectives: High blood pressure among adolescents is not as researched as it is among adults, notwithstanding that hypertension in adults is being tracked back to childhood. This study identied the prevalence of hypertension among adolescents, the age related pattern of prevalence and associated risk factors. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among university students who presented for preadmission medical examination. Blood pressuremeasurement was conducted and cut off reading was based on JNC VII classication for hypertension.  Results: A total of 952 students had complete data. Participants were aged 14 – 19 years with a mean age of 16.6 ± 1.03 years. Prevalence of hypertensionamong the adolescents was 6.4%. High blood pressure (HBP) distribution was as follows; systolic HBP (54%), diastolic HBP (31.15%) and combinedsystolic and diastolic HBP (14.75%). The risk factors significantly associated with HBP were male gender, obesity, overweight, alcohol, smoking and high blood sugar (p values 0.001, 0.039, 0.001, 0.016, and 0.001 respectively). However family history of hypertension was not significantly associated with hypertension (p=0.053). The majority of the adolescents with hypertension were unaware of the morbidity. Conclusion: Hypertension is identifiable in adolescents  and it appears to increase with age. Notable risk factors for hypertension in adults are also associatedwith hypertension among adolescents. Regular screening will improve awareness and help mitigate the complications of this condition.

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