ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS SUFFERING A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

"Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction is an experience that may cause severe emotional impact to the individual who presented it. The anxiety and depression felt is caused not only by the infarction episode itself, but also by the current uncertain state of the world during and because of the COVID-19 pandemic, something which can heighten these negative feelings throughout the entire population, especially in those considered to be in high risk groups. Objective: The objective of the present study is to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression among patients infarcted during the current coronavirus pandemic in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This study will compare clinical characteristics and risk factors between groups with and without anxiety and depression. Methods: Acute myocardial infarction patients who were submitted to percutaneous coronary intervention from February to June 2020 at a reference hospital in cardiology were considered eligible. The patients were interviewed via phone calls. The clinical characteristics and intra-hospital events were obtained from the hospital’s REDCap Database. The level of anxiety and depression suffered was evaluated utilizing the HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Patients considered as suffering from anxiety and depression were those who obtained scores for the possible and probable presence of those mood disorders. Patients were divided into groups with and without anxiety and depression. The categorical variables were expressed through frequency and percentage and analyzed by the Chi-square test and the continuous variables were described by average and standard deviation, and analyzed by Student's t-test. Results: A total of 55 patients were interviewed. The majority of these patients were male (74,5%) and white (80%). The average age of those participating in the study was 58 ±12 years, and the female participants were older than the males. The average number of years of education was 8 ± 4 years. The prevalence of anxiety was 38,2% and of depression 30,9%. Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety and depression was higher than those described in the literature for this population, which supports the hypothesis that the pandemic may be aggravating the patient’s emotional state. Another group will be interviewed for the control group."

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Psychosomatic correlates of coronary heart disease during the socio-economic crisis of post-communist Bulgaria

Open Medicine ◽

10.2478/s11536-008-0078-y ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 91-97

Author(s):

Emilia Karaslavova ◽

Mariana Dyakova ◽

Desislava Todorova ◽

Stoilka Tufkova

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Transition Period ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Control Group ◽

Self Rating

AbstractPost-communist Bulgaria has experienced the full impact of a socioeconomic disaster. Under prolonged and powerful stress the human body may exhaust its adaptive potential and a variety of pathophysiological symptoms may occur. The cardiovascular system is most vulnerable to stress. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of psychological factors correlating with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) during the transition period in post-communist Bulgaria. A case-control epidemiological study was performed. 306 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 210 controls were studied. Analysis of patients’ records was made and a direct face-to-face interview was carried out. The study covers a 15-year transition period lasting from 1989 until 2005. The interview questions are based on W. Zung’s standardized self-evaluation tests of anxiety and depression (Self Rating Depression Scale — SDS, 1965, SAS-Self Rating Anxiety Scale, 1976) and on a test of aggression, as a part of the Minnesota Multiphase personality inventory, adapted from A.A. Krilov and F. Korozi’s FPI test. Average levels of anxiety and depression appear to be higher among patients suffering from coronary heart diseases than in control group members. Levels of aggression do not show a direct correlation with coronary heart disease. Both groups demonstrate symptoms of psychological disturbances caused, most probably, by the socio-economic instability of the transition period. In conclusion, certain socioeconomic factors significantly increase the level of anxiety and depression in the respondents. The AMI patients are considerably more anxious and depressed than the controls. The results provide evidence that high levels of anxiety and depression may correlate to and be interpreted as a potential risk factor for coronary heart disease.

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Vision-Related Quality of Life and Emotional Impact in Children with Strabismus: A Prospective Study

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/147323000903700415 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 1108-1114 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Y Chai ◽

Y Shao ◽

S Lin ◽

K-Y Xiong ◽

W-S Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Short Form ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Summary Score ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Control Group ◽

Emotional Impact ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Related Quality

The potential impact of the surgical correction of strabismus on vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) and the symptoms of anxiety and depression in children with strabismus remain unclear. The present study included 60 children with strabismus: 30 with heterophoria and 30 with heterotropia. A healthy age-and gender-matched control group ( n = 60) was also recruited. The psychological instruments that were used were the short-form 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The results demonstrated that eight of the 12 NEI-VFQ-25 subscales were significantly impaired in children with strabismus compared with matched controls. Compared with pre-operative values, significant improvements were noted after surgery in the NEI-VFQ-25 summary score, and the anxiety and depression scores. This study demonstrated that the NEI-VFQ-25 instrument can be used in strabismus children and that surgical interventions can improve VRQOL, anxiety and depression in strabismus patients.

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Validation of the Arabic Version of the Brief Symptom Inventory to Measure Anxiety in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Journal of Nursing Measurement ◽

10.1891/jnm-d-18-00089 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 115-125

Author(s):

Ghadeer Al-Dweik ◽

Mohannad Eid AbuRuz

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Brief Symptom Inventory ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Arabic Version ◽

Symptom Inventory ◽

Reliable Instrument ◽

Adequate Internal Consistency

Background and PurposeAnxiety after acute myocardial infarction is well-known phenomenon. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Brief Symptom Inventory to measure anxiety in this population.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study among 460 patients. Patients answered the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to measure anxiety. Complications and other clinical variables abstracted from medical records.ResultsCronbach's α was .86, indicating adequate internal consistency. The item-total correlations and all interitem correlations were all acceptable. Anxiety was independent predictor for complication after acute myocardial infarction and higher in females supporting the construct validity.ConclusionArabic version of the Brief Symptom Inventory is a valid and reliable instrument to measure anxiety after acute myocardial infarction.

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Abstract 17208: Trends in Hospitalizations Due to Cocaine-Induced Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results From National Inpatient Sample, 2005-2014

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.138.suppl_1.17208 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Anshul Saxena ◽

Muni Rubens ◽

Sankalp Das ◽

Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy ◽

Peter McGranaghan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Significant Risk ◽

The United States ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Age Group ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

National Inpatient Sample ◽

Medicaid Coverage ◽

Cocaine Use

Introduction: According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, lifetime cocaine use has remained stable since 2009. An estimated 1.5 million individuals aged ≥12 years reported cocaine use in 2014. Cocaine use is a significant risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), especially in the age group 18-45 years. Hence, we examined trends in hospitalizations due to cocaine-induced AMI in the United States. Methods: The current study was a retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample, collected during the period 2005-2014. Participants between 18 and 45 years were included in the analysis. Cocaine-induced AMI hospitalizations were identified using ICD-9-CM codes 304.2X and 305.6X for cocaine dependence or abuse, and 410.XX for AMI diagnosis. We used Cochran Armitage test for categorical variables and Cuzick nonparametric test for trends for continuous variables. Results: A total of 49,715 weighted cocaine-induced AMI hospitalizations were reported during the study period. Cocaine-induced AMI hospitalizations increased from 4,619 in 2005 to 5,065 in 2014 (relative increase, 9.7%, P trend =0.124). Majority of the patients were non-White (55.3%), men (79.3%), in the age group 41-45 years (83.1%), and with Medicare/Medicaid coverage (51.2%). Highest change in trend was observed for non-White population and Medicare/Medicaid payers. Conclusion: Our study showed that cocaine-induced AMI hospitalizations remained stable during the years 2005-2014. Initial results point towards structural and racial disparities in such hospitalizations, especially among non-White men and population with Medicare/Medicaid coverage. Effective interventions to reduce cocaine use are needed, and treatment must be based on 2008 AHA guidelines for cocaine-associated chest pain and myocardial infarction.

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A psychometric evaluation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in coronary care patients following acute myocardial infarction

Psychology Health & Medicine ◽

10.1080/713690189 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 193-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

C. R. Martin ◽

D. R. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Coronary Care

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A confirmatory factor analysis of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in coronary care patients following acute myocardial infarction

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/s0165-1781(03)00162-8 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 120 (1) ◽

pp. 85-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Colin R. Martin ◽

Robert J.P. Lewin ◽

David R. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Coronary Care

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Incidence of Depression and Anxiety among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction during COVID-19 Pandemic

Pakistan Journal Of Neurological Surgery ◽

10.36552/pjns.v24i4.473 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 428-433

Author(s):

Saima Dastgeer ◽

Abubakr Ali Saad ◽

Shabbih Fatima ◽

Imran Javaid ◽

Khalil-ur- Rehman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anxiety Depression

Objective: This study aimed to assess the incidence of anxiety and depression among AMI patients during COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. Material & Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 27 to June 2, 2020, at the Cardiology ward of Dera Ghazi Khan Teaching Hospital. Total 611 patients selected through convenience sampling. The patients were requested to respond to Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and demographic information. An independent samples t test was applied for comparisons. Results: Patients’ age was ranging from 41 to 79 years, with a mean age of 52.35 ± 5.12. There was a high frequency of anxiety (51.72%) and depression (34.86%) among AMI patients. A significant difference was observed in the level of anxiety (p = 0.001) and depression (p = 0.000) among male and female patients. Conclusion: The present study findings affirmed that increased level of anxiety and depression are prevalent in AMI patients. Additionally, both anxiety and depressive symptoms were more common in female patients. Keywords: COVID-19, Anxiety, Depression, Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI).

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Relationship of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Levels following Thrombolytic Therapy with rt-PA as Compared to Streptokinase and Patency of Infarct Related Coronary Artery

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1614637 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 82 (07) ◽

pp. 104-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Franck Paganelli ◽

Marie Christine Alessi ◽

Pierre Morange ◽

Jean Michel Maixent ◽

Samuel Lévy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Thrombolytic Therapy ◽

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽

Control Group ◽

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽

Vessel Patency ◽

Activator Inhibitor ◽

Pai 1

Summary Background: Type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) is considered to be risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A rebound of circulating PAI-1 has been reported after rt-PA administration. We investigated the relationships between PAI-1 levels before and after thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase (SK) as compared to rt-PA and the patency of infarct-related arteries. Methods and Results: Fifty five consecutive patients with acute MI were randomized to strep-tokinase or rt-PA. The plasma PAI-1 levels were studied before and serially within 24 h after thrombolytic administration. Vessel patency was assessed by an angiogram at 5 ± 1days. The PAI-1 levels increased significantly with both rt-PA and SK as shown by the levels obtained from a control group of 10 patients treated with coronary angioplasty alone. However, the area under the PAI-1 curve was significantly higher with SK than with rt-PA (p <0.01) and the plasma PAI-1 levels peaked later with SK than with rt-PA (18 h versus 3 h respectively). Conversely to PAI-1 levels on admission, the PAI-1 levels after thrombolysis were related to vessel patency. Plasma PAI-1 levels 6 and 18 h after SK therapy and the area under the PAI-1 curve were significantly higher in patients with occluded arteries (p <0.002, p <0.04 and p <0.05 respectively).The same tendency was observed in the t-PA group without reaching significance. Conclusions: This study showed that the PAI-1 level increase is more pronounced after SK treatment than after t-PA treatment. There is a relationship between increased PAI-1 levels after thrombolytic therapy and poor patency. Therapeutic approaches aimed at quenching PAI-1 activity after thrombolysis might be of interest to improve the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.

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Systemic Thrombin Generation and Activity Resistant to Low Molecular Weight Heparin Administered Prior to Streptokinase in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1655907 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (01) ◽

pp. 057-061 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dennis W T Nilsen ◽

Lasse Gøransson ◽

Alf-Inge Larsen ◽

Øyvind Hetland ◽

Peter Kierulf

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Body Weight ◽

Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽

Troponin T ◽

Bleeding Complications ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Creatine Kinase Mb

SummaryOne hundred patients were included in a randomized open trial to assess the systemic factor Xa (FXa) and thrombin inhibitory effect as well as the safety profile of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) given subcutaneously in conjunction with streptokinase (SK) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). The treatment was initiated prior to SK, followed by repeated injections every 12 h for 7 days, using a dose of 150 anti-Xa units per kg body weight. The control group received unfractionated heparin (UFH) 12,500 IU subcutaneously every 12 h for 7 days, initiated 4 h after start of SK infusion. All patients received acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) initiated prior to SK.Serial blood samples were collected prior to and during the first 24 h after initiation of SK infusion for determination of prothrombin fragment 1+2 (Fl+2), thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complexes, fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and cardiac enzymes. Bleeding complications and adverse events were carefully accounted for.Infarct characteristics, as judged by creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT), were similar in both groups of patients.A comparable transient increase in Fl+2, TAT and FPA was noted irrespective of heparin regimen. Increased anti-Xa activity in patients given LMWH prior to thrombolytic treatment had no impact on indices of systemic thrombin activation.The incidence of major bleedings was significantly higher in patients receiving LMWH as compared to patients receiving UFH. However, the occurrence of bleedings was modified after reduction of the initial LMWH dose to 100 anti-Xa units per kg body weight.In conclusion, systemic FXa- and thrombin activity following SK-infusion in patients with acute MI was uninfluenced by conjunctive LMWH treatment.

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