Recent learnings towards achieving high quality probabilistic predictions in practical applications of hydrological models

Two-dimensional (2D) materials driven by their unique electronic and optoelectronic properties have opened up possibilities for their various applications. The large and high-quality single crystals are essential to fabricate high-performance 2D devices for practical applications. Herein, IV-V 2D GeP single crystals with high-quality and large size of 20 × 15 × 5 mm3 were successfully grown by the Bi flux growth method. The crystalline quality of GeP was confirmed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), Laue diffraction, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, intrinsic anisotropic optical properties were investigated by angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy (ARPRS) and transmission spectra in detail. Furthermore, we fabricated high-performance photodetectors based on GeP, presenting a relatively large photocurrent over 3 mA. More generally, our results will significantly contribute the GeP crystal to the wide optoelectronic applications.

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Generating High-Quality Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Images for Wooden Material Characterization by Single Image Super-Resolution

International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence ◽

10.1142/s0218001420540087 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (03) ◽

pp. 2054008

Author(s):

Lujun Lin ◽

Yiming Fang ◽

Xiaochen Du ◽

Zhu Zhou

Keyword(s):

Image Quality ◽

Super Resolution ◽

Visual Assessment ◽

Wood Products ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Single Image ◽

High Quality ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Image Super Resolution ◽

Single Image Super Resolution

As the practical applications in other fields, high-resolution images are usually expected to provide a more accurate assessment for the air-coupled ultrasonic (ACU) characterization of wooden materials. This paper investigated the feasibility of applying single image super-resolution (SISR) methods to recover high-quality ACU images from the raw observations that were constructed directly by the on-the-shelf ACU scanners. Four state-of-the-art SISR methods were applied to the low-resolution ACU images of wood products. The reconstructed images were evaluated by visual assessment and objective image quality metrics, including peak signal-to-noise-ratio and structural similarity. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations indicated that the substantial improvement of image quality can be yielded. The results of the experiments demonstrated the superior performance and high reproducibility of the method for generating high-quality ACU images. Sparse coding based super-resolution and super-resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN) significantly outperformed other algorithms. SRCNN has the potential to act as an effective tool to generate higher resolution ACU images due to its flexibility.

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Controlled Growth of High-Temperature Superconducting Thin Films on Polycrystalline Substrates

MRS Bulletin ◽

10.1557/s0883769400041841 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 39-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

David T. Shaw

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

High Temperature ◽

Single Crystal ◽

Technology Development ◽

Magnetic Energy ◽

High Quality ◽

Practical Applications ◽

High Temperature Superconducting ◽

Controlled Processing ◽

Crystal Films

Since their discovery in 1987, significant progress has been made in the fabrication of high-quality, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) thin films. Films with reproducible properties can be routinely deposited on single crystal substrates by several well-established processing techniques. Single crystal substrates, however, are not suitable for many applications because of their cost, limitations in size and shape, and lack of flexibility. Hence, a great deal of effort has been directed at the fabrication of thin films on polycrystalline rather than single crystal substrates. For example, metallic substrates are expected to be useful for the fabrication of HTS conductors for such applications as generators, motors, and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) devices. For polycrystalline thin-film applications, lattice matching for epitaxial growth of thin films is no longer possible. Microstructures of these films are generally more complex than those of single crystal films, primarily because of grain boundaries. As a result, the microstructure of polycrystalline films must be carefully controlled to ensure that the critical current density is high enough for practical applications.Happily, progress in this respect has been substantial. There have been laboratory demonstrations of techniques for controlled processing of high-quality HTS thin films on polycrystalline substrates. Even though the technology development in this area is still in its infancy, many successful processing approaches have been developed to set the stage for the eventual use of HTS thin films in power device applications.

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Productivity and biochemical composition of feeds of grasses and herbage legumes, depending on fertilizers and growth stimulators

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies ◽

10.32718/nvlvet-a9108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (91) ◽

pp. 49-53

Author(s):

L. K. Savchuk ◽

I. V. Vyhovsky

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Biochemical Composition ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Perennial Grass ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Main Task ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

High Quality ◽

Practical Applications

The main task of increasing the productivity of perennial grass-legumes grown on the slopes withdrawn from cultivation is to form optimal conditions for the growth and development of meadow grasses, which would ensure the highest yield of forage during the entire period of use of grass and the production of high-quality and cheap feed for public livestock. To successfully solve the problem of productivity of agrophytocenoses in scientific and practical applications, it is important to know exactly how the relationship of plants in the process of their joint growth and development, what changes occur in the chemical composition of feed when applying mineral fertilizers and growth promoters on eroded lands with steepness 6–7° under soil sedimentation of the research sites of the Rivne Institute of Agricultural Industry of NAAS of Ukraine. The results of research are presented, which showed that it is economically more effective on the slopes to grow cereals and legumes with a longer period of productive longevity, while using low rates of nitrogen fertilizers, which promotes the formation of phytocenosis, which is dominated by valuable species of cereals and perennial legumes. sowing). The introduction of mineral fertilizers and growth promoters had a positive effect on the biochemical composition of cereals. The results of studies have shown that for the creation of cereals and leguminous herbs hay use in a non-coating way, you must sow a grass mix, which includes the following herbs: alfalfa sowed (4.4 million pieces per hectare) + long beetroot horned (4.4 million pieces per hectare) + bromus inermis (3.4 million pieces per hectare) + lolium perenne (3.4 million pieces per hectare) of conditioned seeds that affect the productivity and chemical composition of the herb during the growing season. On the basis of the conducted researches it is established that the influence of different doses of mineral fertilizers and growth promoters (emistim C and fumar) significantly increases the yield of dry weight and biochemical composition of feed. The results of the research are presented, which showed that during the years of the formation of cereals and leguminous grass hay use, the highest yield of dry fodder (7.5 t/ha) was collected in the variant, where mineral fertilizers were calculated at the rate of N60P60K90 with the use of fumarant plant growth stimulator and high quality, the yield of feed units was 5.25 t/ha, and digestible protein 0.82 t/ha. Years of research have shown that it is advisable to use low rates of mineral fertilizers (N60P60K90) and growth stimulants emistim C and fumar to improve feed quality.

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The reduction of hydrological models for less tedious practical applications

Comptes Rendus Geoscience ◽

10.1016/j.crte.2015.08.002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 348 (2) ◽

pp. 89-98

Author(s):

Frederick Delay ◽

Philippe Ackerer

Keyword(s):

Hydrological Models ◽

Practical Applications

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Constructing molecular structures on periodic superstructure of graphene/Ru(0001)

Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.2013.0015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 372 (2013) ◽

pp. 20130015 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Geng Li ◽

Li Huang ◽

Wenyan Xu ◽

Yande Que ◽

Yi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dot ◽

Surface Charge ◽

Large Scale ◽

Lattice Mismatch ◽

Molecular Structures ◽

Iron Phthalocyanine ◽

Charge Redistribution ◽

High Quality ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Substrate Interaction

We review the way to fabricate large-scale, high-quality and single crystalline graphene epitaxially grown on Ru(0001) substrate. A moiré pattern of the graphene/Ru(0001) is formed due to the lattice mismatch between graphene and Ru(0001). This superstructure gives rise to surface charge redistribution and could behave as an ordered quantum dot array, which results in a perfect template to guide the assembly of organic molecular structures. Molecules, for example iron phthalocyanine and C 60 , on this template show how the molecule–substrate interaction makes different superstructures. These results show the possibility of constructing ordered molecular structures on graphene/Ru(0001), which is helpful for practical applications in the future.

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Epitaxy of LiNbO3: Historical Challenges and Recent Success

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11040397 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 397

Author(s):

Bill Zivasatienraj ◽

M. Brooks Tellekamp ◽

W. Alan Doolittle

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Lithium Niobate ◽

Historical Review ◽

Crystalline Quality ◽

High Quality ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Recent Success ◽

Growth Method ◽

Device Applications ◽

The Many

High-quality epitaxial growth of thin film lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is highly desirable for optical and acoustic device applications. Despite decades of research, current state-of-the-art epitaxial techniques are limited by either the material quality or growth rates needed for practical devices. In this paper, we provide a short summary of the primary challenges of lithium niobate epitaxy followed by a brief historical review of lithium niobate epitaxy for prevalent epitaxial techniques. Available figures of merit for crystalline quality and optical transmission losses are given for each growth method. The highest crystalline quality lithium niobate thin film was recently grown by halide-based molecular beam epitaxy and is comparable to bulk lithium niobate crystals. However, these high-quality crystals are grown at slow rates that limit many practical applications. Given the many challenges that lithium niobate epitaxy imposes and the wide variety of methods that have unsuccessfully attempted to surmount these barriers, new approaches to lithium niobate epitaxy are required to meet the need for simultaneously high crystalline quality and sufficient thickness for devices not currently practical by existing techniques.

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Effect of MgO and NH4OH on Formation of 5Mg(OH)2·MgSO4·3H2O Whiskers

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.91 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 512-515 ◽

pp. 91-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ri Yu ◽

Jae Hwan Pee ◽

Hyung Tae Kim ◽

Kyung Ja Kim ◽

Young Woong Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molar Ratio ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

High Quality ◽

Thermo Gravimetric ◽

X Ray ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Sulfate Hydrate ◽

Scanning Electron

The Magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate whiskers (5Mg(OH)2.MgSO4.3H2O, abbreviated 513MHSH) have attracted much attention due to its practical applications as filler and reinforcement. However, it is difficult to produce high quality MHSH because plate-like Mg(OH)2 impurities were formed in high concentrations of OH- and interaction between Mg2+ and OH-. In this work, to reduce formation Mg(OH)2, molar ratio ofSuperscript text magnesium oxide (MgO) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4.7H2O) were controlled. As a result, when low concentration of SO42-, MHSH whiskers co-existed with hexagonal plate Mg(OH)2. The molar ratio of MgSO4.7H2O/MgO was high, uniform MHSH whiskers were formed without Mg(OH)2. In addition, appropriate amount of NH4OH has affected formation of high quality MHSH. Their morphologies and structures were determined by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA)

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Temperature Stable, High-Quality Factor Li2TiO3-Li4NbO4F Microwave Dielectric Ceramics

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11070741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 741

Author(s):

Shangrui Xu ◽

Juan Jiang ◽

Zelai Cheng ◽

Xiangyi Chen ◽

Shikuan Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Factor ◽

Microwave Dielectric Properties ◽

Microwave Dielectric Ceramics ◽

High Quality ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Microwave Dielectric ◽

State Ceramic ◽

Solid State Ceramic Route ◽

Ceramic Route ◽

Dielectric Ceramics

In this work, (1-x)Li2TiO3-xLi4NbO4F ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state ceramic route. With the increase of Li4NbO4F content, the phase structure transformed from ordered monoclinic to disordered cubic. By increasing Li3NbO4F content, the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) was successfully adjusted closer to zero, while the dielectric constant (εr) and microwave quality factor (Qf) decreased to some degree. Outstanding microwave dielectric properties with a εr = 18.7, Qf = 61,388 GHz (6.264 GHz), and τf = 0.9 ppm/°C were obtained for 0.9Li2TiO3-0.1Li4NbO4F ceramics sintered at 1050 °C for 2 h, which indicated that these ceramics are suitable for practical applications in the field of microwave substrates and components.

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Novel Exfoliation of High-Quality 2H-MoS2 Nanoflakes for Solution-Processed Photodetector

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10061045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1045

Author(s):

Seulgi Kim ◽

Woojin Park ◽

Dohoon Kim ◽

Jiyeon Kang ◽

Jaesoung Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Group ◽

Synergetic Effect ◽

Lateral Size ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Oxygen Functional Group ◽

High Quality ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Switching Characteristics ◽

Full Utilization ◽

Semiconductor Properties

Highly dispersive molybdenum disulfide nanoflakes (MoS2 NFs), without any phase transition during the exfoliation process, are desirable for full utilization of their semiconductor properties in practical applications. Here, we demonstrate an innovate approach for fabricating MoS2 NFs by using hydrazine-assisted ball milling via the synergetic effect of chemical intercalation and mechanical exfoliation. The NFs obtained have a lateral size of 600–800 nm, a thickness less than 3 nm, and high crystallinity in the 2H semiconducting phase. They form a stable dispersion in various solvents, which will be helpful for many applications, due to the oxygen functional group. To investigate production of a two-dimensional (2D) photodetector, 2D semiconducting MoS2, MoS2–p-Si vertical devices were fabricated, and their optical properties were characterized. The photodiode exhibited consistent responses with excellent photo-switching characteristics with wavelengths of 850, 530, and 400 nm.

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