scholarly journals OPTIMASI SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SABUN CAIR DARI KEMIRI (Aleurites moluccana) DENGAN BANTUAN GELOMBANG ULTRASONIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Aman Santoso ◽  
◽  
Syafiuddin Syafiuddin ◽  
Dedek Sukarianingsih ◽  
Sumari Sumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hazelnut Oil ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Liquid soap has become a basic necessity, especially during the Covid pandemic. The quality of soap is influenced by the type of raw material used. Candlenut oil saponification with potassium hydroxide produces liquid soap which has the potential to be anti-bacterial. Ultrasonic waves (US) produce cavitation which speeds up the reaction. This study aims: (1) Synthesis and characterization of liquid hazelnut oil soap, (2) to determine the antibacterial activity of liquid soap. The stages in this study were: (1) isolation and characterization of hazelnut oil, (2) making liquid soap at various alkaline concentrations with US (3) characterizing liquid soap (4) testing for antibacterial activity. The results showed that liquid soap can be made by saponification with KOH hazelnut oil, obtained physical properties of viscous liquid form, yellowish white color, distinctive aroma. The chemical properties of liquid soap have a pH of 8.46, a density of 1.10 g/mL, a free fatty acid content of 0.34%, a free alkaline content of 0.05%, a viscosity of 1,460 cSt and a surface tension of 4.33 x 10-4 N/m. Candlenut liquid soap has antibacterial activity in the weak category against E. coli bacteria and in the moderate category against S. aureus bacteria

scholarly journals Industrial Gelatin from Leather Chrome Shavings Wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035-1043
Author(s):  
Nabil H Elsayed ◽  
Ghada M. Taha ◽  
Ola A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Alkali Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A step towards minimizing the environmental pollution of leather tanning , leather chrome shavings wastes were treated with Li2CO3 to extract technical or industrial gelatin as an added value material. Isolation and characterization of gelatin obtained from chrome-tanned shavings were done. The alkali hydrolysis products obtained, showed good physical and chemical properties in terms of gel strength, swelling and thermal stability. The optimum hydrolysis conditions using Li2CO3 were found to be 5 hr. extraction at 80°C, swelling time of one day and pH 9.5. The yield was over one third of the original starting waste material.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Konsentrasi Minyak Kelapa Murni (Virgin Coconut Oil) dan Minyak Jarak (Castor Oil) terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia dan Organoleptik Sabun Mandi Cair

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asri Widyasanti ◽  
Shayana Junita ◽  
Sarifah Nurjanah
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Technology Process ◽  
Soap Production

VCO contains of lauric acid that perform to smooth and to moisturize the skin. Castor oil has ricinoleic acid that serves to protect the skin. Therefore, both of the oil are suitable to be the raw material for liquid soap making. This study aimed were to produce a liquid soap, to determine the exact concentration of VCO and castor oil for liquid soap and to find out the effect of VCO and Castor Oil concentrations to the characteristics of liquid soap. The method used was laboratory experimental method with descriptive analysis. The treatments in this study were A =concentrations of VCO 100 %, B = concentrations of VCO 80 % and castor oil 20 %, C = concentrations of VCO 50 % and castor oil 50 %, D = concentrations of VCO 20 % and castor oil 80 %, and E = concentrations of castor oil 100 %,  from 200 gram soap base. The parameter observed for liquid soap included chemical properties, physical properties of soap, and organoleptic test. The result shows that all treatments complies the requirement SNI 06-4085-1996. The formula of liquid soap with treatment B was revealed as the best product with 0.01 % of total alkali content, pH value of 9.16 , specific gravity 1.06, and total plate count 5colonies/g. This technology process of natural liquid soap production with the VCO and castor oil could be develop and apply in industrial scale.

scholarly journals Isolation, characterization and biological properties of betulin from Entada africana Guill. and Perr. (Mimosaceae).

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kwaji ◽  
H. M. Adamu ◽  
I. Y. Chindo ◽  
R. Atiko
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pure Compound ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Isolated Compound

The present study is aimed at the isolation and characterization of betulin from Entada africana.  A dichloromethane soluble portion of the stem bark methanol/acetone (1:1 v/v) extract was subjected to gradient elution using ethyl acetate in hexane (5 – 30 %) on an open column. A pure compound was obtained with Rf = 0.61 in hexane/ethyl acetate (8:2 v/v) after repeated washing and recrystallization from methanol and coded Enac1. The pure compound was analyzed using IR, 1H & 13C NMR and GC-MS. Clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus were used to assess the antibacterial activity of the pure compound while its preliminary Cytotoxicity was evaluated using brine shrimp nauplii. Based on the spectroscopic data obtained and in comparison with literature, the isolated compound was identified as betulin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of betulin ranged between 62.50 - 250.00 µg/mL for all the four bacterial isolates in the study while its fifty percent lethal concentration (LC50) was 10.00 µg/mL. Significant Cytotoxicity with moderate antibacterial activity was observed. The study therefore justifies the existence of bioactive compounds in the stem bark of Entada africana and its use in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Porous CaCO3 Vaterite Particles by Simple Solution Method

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4425
Author(s):  
Renny Febrida ◽  
Arief Cahyanto ◽  
Ellyza Herda ◽  
Vanitha Muthukanan ◽  
Nina Djustiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Porous Microsphere ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Appropriately engineered CaCO3 vaterite has interesting properties such as biodegradability, large surface area, and unique physical and chemical properties that allow a variety of uses in medical applications, mainly in dental material as the scaffold. In this paper, we report the synthesis of vaterite from Ca(NO3)2·4H2O without porogen to obtain a highly pure and porous microsphere for raw material of calcium phosphate as the scaffold in our future development. CaCO3 properties were investigated at two different temperatures (20 and 27 °C) and stirring speeds (800 and 1000 rpm) and at various reaction times (5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min). The as-prepared porous CaCO3 powders were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and BET methods. The results showed that vaterite with purity 95.3%, crystallite size 23.91 nm, and porous microsphere with lowest pore diameter 3.5578 nm was obtained at reaction time 30 min, temperature reaction 20 °C, and stirring speed 800 rpm. It was emphasized that a more spherical microsphere with a smaller size and nanostructure contained multiple primary nanoparticles received at a lower stirring speed (800 rpm) at the reaction time of 30 min. One of the outstanding results of this study is the formation of the porous vaterite microsphere with a pore size of ~3.55 nm without any additional porogen or template by using a simple mixing method.

scholarly journals Estimation of properties of mixed waste cooking oil for production of biodiesel

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
B. S. V. S. R. Krishna ◽  
Shivaraj B.K
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Mixed Waste

The major drawback of production of biodiesel in large scale is the cost of raw materials. Raw material source of biodiesel is mostly plant oil (Jatropha, Pongamia, Mahua, Neem, Cotton seed oil etc.) which requires large land area to grow. One of the best methods to reduce the production cost of biodiesel is to employ low quality feedstock, for instance waste cooking oil (WCO). This also solves the disposal problem of WCO. This is socioeconomic and environment friendly, it does not compete with edible oil resources. This study represents the biodiesel production from mixed waste cooking oil. Waste cooking oil collected from different hotels around Manipal, Udupi district of Karnataka State, and India. Collected WCO from various sources (from palm oil and sunflower oil users) have different physical and chemical properties. These WCO has mixed in different ratios ie. 50:50, 75:25 and 25:75 to reduce free fatty acid content of WCO without any chemical pre-treatment. Physio-chemical properties of mixed WCO has been carried out. 

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