scholarly journals Terminalia ferdinandiana inhibited the increased of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and prevent collagen decreased in mice skin exposed to UV-B

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Shalihaty Emy ◽  
Ida Sri Iswari ◽  
Ni Wayan Winarti
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Kakadu Plum ◽  
Terminalia Ferdinandiana

Kakadu cream contained 0,1% Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana) extract with a high content of phenolic compound, flavonol, tocopherol, luthein, chlorophyll, and ellagic acid has potential to prevent the Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) effect on skin aging acceleration. To date, there’s no in vivo experiment on the effect of kakadu plum extract on collagen nor matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1). This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Kakadu cream administration in inhibiting the increase of MMP-1 expressions and prevent the decrease of collagen amount in mice (Mus musculus) skin exposed to UV-B.   An experimental study with a post-test only control group design was employed in 36 male mice, 6-8 weeks old, weighing 20-25 grams. The samples were divided randomly into two groups, a control group given base cream and the study group, given Kakadu cream 0,1% on their shaved backs, 1 cm2 in size as the UV-B exposure's location. The UV-B irradiation was done three times a week for 4 weeks. The base and Kakadu cream were given twice a day. Comparative analysis was carried out to compare MMP-1 expression and collagen amount in both groups.   The results show that the mean of MMP-1 expression on the study group was significantly lower compared to control group (p<0.001). The mean collagen amount was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p< 0,001).   From the results, can be concluded that Kakadu cream inhibited the increase MMP-1 expression and prevent the decrease of collagen amount in mice skin exposed to UV-B.

scholarly journals Pemberian tempoyak per oral dapat menghambat peningkatan ekspresi matriks metaloproteinase-1 pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus) betina dewasa galur Wistar yang dipajan sinar UVB

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni Fiter ◽  
AAG Putra Wiraguna ◽  
Wimpie Pangkahila
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽  
Per Oral

Abstract: Ultraviolet B (UVB) is a source of free radicals that accelerate aging process, especially in the skin by increasing the expression of MMP-1. Tempoyak is rich in nutraceuticals and probiotics that may provide a protective effect against skin exposure to ultraviolet rays. This study was aimed to prove that oral tempoyak could inhibit the increase of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in UVB-induced rats (Rattus norvegicus). This was a true experimental study with the posttest only control group design. Subjects were 36 female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 2.5-3 months, weighing180-200 g, divided into 2 groups. The control group (P0) exposed to UVB was given oral aquadest as placebo, while the treatment group (P1) exposed to UVB was given 1 g/200 g body weight of oral tempoyak. After 15 days of treatment, all rats were anesthetized and their skin tissues were taken for examination of MMP-1 expression. The analysis showed that the average of MMP-1 expression in the control group (P0) was 25.26±11.19% meanwhile the average of MMP-1 expression in the treatment group (P1) was 8.67±2.51%. There was a significant difference between the MMP-1 expression of the two groups (P = 0.000). Conclusion: Oral tempoyak could inhibit the increase of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in UVB-induced rats (Rattus norvegicus).Keywords: tempoyak, MMP-1, UVBAbstrak: Ultraviolet B (UVB) merupakan salah satu sumber radikal bebas yang dapat mempercepat proses penuaan, khususnya penuaan kulit melalui peningkatan ekspresi MMP-1. Tempoyak yang kaya akan kandungan nutraseutikal dan probiotik dapat memberikan efek perlindungan kulit terhadap pajanan sinar ultraviolet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pemberian tempoyak per oral dapat menghambat peningkatan ekspresi MMP-1 tikus yang dipajan sinar ultraviolet-B (UVB). Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan menggunakan post test only control group design. Subjek penelitian ialah 36 ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus), betina, galur Wistar, berumur 2,5-3 bulan, dengan berat badan 180-200 gr yang dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) kelompok masing-masing berjumlah 18 ekor tikus. Kelompok kontrol (P0) diberikan pajanan UVB dan akuades per oral sebagai plasebo sedangkan kelompok perlakuan (P1) diberikan pajanan UVB dan tempoyak dengan dosis 1 gr/ 200 gr BB. Setelah 15 hari perlakuan, seluruh tikus dianestesi kemudian diambil jaringan kulitnya untuk pemeriksaan ekspresi MMP-1 dermis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa rerata ekspresi MMP-1 pada kelompok kontrol (P0) ialah 25,26±11,19% sedangkan rerata ekspresi MMP-1 pada kelompok perlakuan (P1) ialah 8,67±2,51%. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rerata ekspresi MMP-1 antara kedua kelompok (P = 0,000). Simpulan: Pemberian tempoyak per oral dapat menghambat peningkatan ekspresi MMP-1 tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang dipajan sinar ultraviolet-B (UVB).Kata kunci: tempoyak, MMP-1, UVB

scholarly journals The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton's Jelly on Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and Interleukin-4 Levels in Osteoarthritis Rat Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endrinaldi Endrinaldi ◽  
Eryati Darwin ◽  
Nasrul Zubir ◽  
Gusti Revilla
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Target Component ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is generally considered a degenerative joint disease caused by biomechanical changes and the ageing process. In OA pathogenesis, the development of OA is thought to be regulated largely by excess matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), which contributes to the degradation of extracellular matrices such as MMP-1 and Interleukin-4. AIM: This study aims to prove the influence of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton Jelly on decreasing MMP-1 levels and increasing IL-4 which is a specific target as a target component in cases of osteoarthritis in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This research is an experimental study with the design of Post-Test-Only Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 16 OA rats as a control group and 16 OA rats treated with MSC-WJ as a treatment group. OA induction is done by injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the intra-articular right knee. Giving MSC-WJ is done in the third week after MIA induction. The serum MMP-1 and IL-4 levels were measured after 3 weeks treated with MSC-WJ using the ELISA method. The statistical test used is an independent t-test. The value of p < 0.05 was said to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The result showed that serum MMP-1 levels were higher in the group treated with MSC-WJ than in the control group (p < 0.05). Serum IL-4 levels were higher in the group treated with MSC-WJ than in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that MSC-WJ increased MMP-1 levels and IL-4 levels in serum OA rats. MSC-WJ showed a negative effect on MMP-1 in the serum of OA rats.

Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) leaves extract cream 8% inhibited the increase of melanin amount as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% and inhibited the increase of tyrosinase enzymes not as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% in the ultraviolet B-exposed Guin

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Chynthia Friama ◽  
Anak Agung Gde Putra Wiraguna ◽  
Wimpie Pangkahila
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cavia Porcellus ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Angelica Keiskei ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tyrosinase Enzyme

Background: Excessive sun exposure results in increased activity of the tyrosinase enzyme and the amount of melanin in the skin which causes hyperpigmentation, a sign of premature aging. The purpose of this study was to prove that Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) leaves extract cream 8% inhibited the increase of melanin and tyrosinase enzymes as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% in the ultraviolet B-exposed guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) skin. Methods: This study used a randomized post-test only control group design. The subjects were 36 male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Subjects were divided into two groups, the hydroquinone cream 4% group and the Ashitaba leaves extract cream 8% group exposed to UVB light. Skin samples were collected 48 hours after the last exposure to measure the tyrosinase enzyme levels using the ELISA method and the amount of melanin was examined by Masson-Fontana staining. Results: The mean levels of tyrosinase in the hydroquinone cream 4% group was 19.51 ± 5.16 ng/L and the Ashitaba leaves extract cream 8% group was 23.76 ± 3.09 ng/L (p = 0.005). The mean amount of melanin in the  hydroquinone cream 4% group was 2.98 ± 2.27% and the Ashitaba leaves extract cream 8% group was 4.77 ± 3.33% (p = 0.069). Conclusion: The administration of Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) leaves extract cream 8% inhibited the increase of melanin amount as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% and inhibited the increase of tyrosinase enzymes not as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% in the ultraviolet B-exposed guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) skin.

The Effect of Anonymous Peer Assessment on Writing Ability of the Eleventh Grade Students at SMK PGRI 1 Singaraja

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
A.P. Adhiyanti ◽  
A.A.I.N Marhaeni ◽  
I.P.I Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Writing Ability ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Writing Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Academic Year

  This study aimed to investigate the effect of anonymous peer assessment on students’ writing ability. Quantitative approach was used in this study. Post-test only control group design was the design used in this experimental study. The post-test only control group design was designed to discover the purpose of this study which was to investigate the significant effect on writing ability between students who obtain feedback from anonymous peer assessment and students who obtain feedback from conventional assessment. The study was conducted at SMK PGRI 1 Singaraja. The eleventh grade students in Academic Year 2017/2018 were chosen as the population. The samples were 44 students from XI AP and XI UPW. The instruments used in this study were lesson plan, anonymous peer checklist, writing scoring rubric, and writing test. Writing scoring rubric and writing test were used to obtain the data through post-test while lesson plan and anonymous peer assessment were used during the treatment. The data then was analyzed by using SPSS 16. The results of the analysis show that (1) the mean score of the experimental group was 77.55 while the mean score of the control group was 68.77. (2) The t-observe was 3.892 and it exceeded the t-critical value which was 2.018. Therefore, based on the aforementioned results, it can be concluded that there was a significant difference on writing ability between the eleventh grade students who obtained feedback from anonymous peer assessment and those who obtained feedback from conventional assessment at SMK PGRI 1 Singaraja in academic year 2017/2018. 

Ekstrak Ethanol Kulit Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix) Berpotensi sebagai Agen Penurun Kolesterol : Studi In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Henas Deliara ◽  
Arum Kartikadewi ◽  
Dyah Mustika Nugraheni
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test

Latar Belakang: Hiperkolesterolemia dapat menyebabkan penyakit cerebrovaskuler bahkan kematian. Salah satu pencegahan hiperkolesterolemia adalah dengan pemberian suplemen contohnya menggunakan kulit jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix) yang mengandung saponin, tanin dan flavonoid. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan adanya pengaruh pemberian ekstrak ethanol kulit jeruk purut terhadap kadar kolesterol total pada tikus wistar jantan yang diberi diet tinggi lemak. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental  ini menggunakan metode post test only control group design. Jumlah sampel 30 ekor tikus wistar jantan dikelompokkan secara simple random sampling menjadi kelompok kontrol negative (K-), kontrol positif (K+), perlakuan 1 (P1), perlakuan 2 (P2) dan perlakuan 3 (P3). Pada kelompok K+, P1,P2 dan P3 tikus diberi minyak babi sebanyak 3 mg/200grBB/hari selama 3 minggu. Kelompok P1, P2 dan P3 diberikan ekstrak ethanol kulit jeruk purut sebesar 35 mg/200grBB/hari, 70 mg/200grBB/hari, dan 140 mg/200grBB/hari selama 3 minggu. Kadar kolesterol total dihitung dengan metode CHOD-PAP lalu dianalisis secara statistic dengan uji One Way Annova dan uji beda dengan Pos Hoc. Hasil: Dari 25 sampel, rerata kadar kolesterol total (K-):73,90 mg/dl±19,11 mg/dl; (K+):80,00 mg/dl±4,72 mg/dl; (P1):69,94 mg/dl±6,52 mg/dl; (P2):59,10 mg/dl±11,70 mg/dl; (P3):59,74 mg/dl±7,52 mg/dl. (p=0,032). Hasil uji Pos Hoc kelompok yang berbeda signifikan adalah K- dengan P2 (p=0,049), K+ dengan P2 (p=0,008) dan K+ dengan P3 (p=0,010). Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak ethanol kulit jeruk purut terhadap kadar kolesterol total pada tikus wistar jantan yang diberi diet tinggi lemak. Dosis terendah ekstrak kulit jeruk purut yang dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total adalah 70 mg/200 grBB/hari.

Effectiveness of neurobic exercise program on memory and depression among elderly residing at old age home

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Raj ◽  
Subramaniam Santhi ◽  
G. J. Sara Sapharina
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Interventional Group ◽  
Old Age Homes

AbstractObjectivesThis study finds out the effectiveness of neurobic exercise program on memory and depression among elderly residing in old age homes.MethodsThe non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for sample selection. Wechsler's memory scale (WMS-IV) and Geriatric depression scale (GDS) were the instruments used to assess the memory and depression among elderly during the pretest and posttest, respectively and the researcher had developed data sheet to collect information about the background variables using interview technique.ResultsThe neurobic exercise program was found to be effective in reducing depression among elderly residing in old age homes. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) in the level of depression had been found during the pretest and posttest in the interventional group. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) found between the study group and in the control group. There was significant correlation (r=0.417, p<0.05) found between the memory and depression during the pretest in the study group among the elderly. A statistically significant association (p<0.05) found in the mean scores of depression and marital status of the elderly during the pretest in the study group and there was a significant association (p<0.01) found in the mean scores of depression and the gender of the elderly during the pretest and posttest in the non interventional group were found.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that neurobic exercise program is an effective intervention in improving memory and reducing depression.

THE EFFECT OF DHIKR ON ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION LEVEL IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AT PURWOKERTO ISLAMIC HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anggun ◽  
Titik Kusumawinakhyu ◽  
Irma Finurina Mustikawati ◽  
Wiharto Wiharto
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Hemodialysis Unit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Hemodialysis is a routinely performed therapy on chronic kidney patients, leading to psychological problems among subjects who undergo hemodialysis, such as anxiety and depression. One of the efforts to overcome anxiety and depression is with the dhikr intervention. Dhikr presents hearts to remember and be obedient to Allah followed by the words and actions in various conditions.  Discover dhikr's influence on the level of anxiety and depression in patients on hemodialysis in  Purwokerto Islamic Hospital. It was a quantitative study using quasi experiment with a non-quivalent control group design. The number of samples was 12 subjects consisting of 6 subjects in the control group and six subjects in the intervention group with the purposive sampling technique. Instruments were used to measure anxiety and depression are the HADS ( Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ) before and after dhikr intervention as much as 12 times. Research is carried out in Hemodialysis Unit of  Purwokerto Islamic Hospital. Test statistics on research are used paired t-test and independent t-tests. This study showed a decrease in the mean level of anxiety from 5, 83 to 1.67 in the experimental group ( p = 0.003). The mean level of depression experienced a decline of 9, 67 becomes 4.67 on a group experiment ( p = 0.003). Dhikr reduces the level of anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patients at the Purwokerto Islamic Hospital.

Comparison of Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Students in Auditory Intellectually Repetition (AIR) and Reciprocal Teaching (RT) Learning Models

2020 ◽  
pp. 324-331
Author(s):  
Sufri Mashuri ◽  
Jahring Jahring ◽  
Nasruddin Nasruddin ◽  
Hasan Djidu
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Reciprocal Teaching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pretest Score ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this study is to see the differences in the mean increase in student mathematics learning outcomes in the Auditory, Intellectually, Repetition (AIR) model and reciprocal teaching (RT) model. The sample in this study were 25 students as the experimental class 1 and 23 students as the experimental class 2. This research was an experimental study with a nonequivalent control group design. The data analysis used was descriptive and inferential analysis. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the mean pretest score of the experimental class 1 was 51.64 and the posttest result was 70.88 with the increase in student mathematics learning outcomes reaching 0.39. While the mean pretest score of experimental class 2 was 36.52 and the posttest result was 70.48 with the increase in student mathematics learning outcomes reaching 0.51. The variance of the increase in mathematics learning outcomes in the experimental class 1 was 0.02, and the experimental class 2 was 0.01. The results obtained indicate that the increase in mathematics learning outcomes through the reciprocal teaching learning model is higher than the increase in student mathematics learning outcomes using the AIR learning model.

scholarly journals Patients with Achilles Tendon Rupture Have a Degenerated Contralateral Achilles Tendon: An Elastography Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianru Li ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yehua Cai ◽  
Yinghui Hua
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To evaluate differences of Achilles tendon (AT) hardness and morphology between asymptomatic tendons in patients with acute AT ruptures on the contralateral side and asymptomatic tendons in healthy people by using computer-assisted quantification on axial-strain sonoelastography (ASE). Methods. The study consisted of 33 asymptomatic tendons in 33 patients (study group) and 34 tendons in 19 healthy volunteers (control group). All the tendons were examined by both ASE and conventional ultrasound. Computer-assisted quantification on ASE was applied to extract hardness variables, including the mean (Hmean), 20th percentile (H20), median (H50) and skewness (Hsk) of the hardness within tendon, and the ratio of the mean hardness within tendon to that outside tendon (Hratio) and three morphological variables: the thickness (THK), cross-sectional area, and eccentricity (ECC) of tendons. Results. The Hmean, Hsk, H20, H50, and Hratio in the proximal third of the tendon body in study group were significantly smaller than those in control group (Hmean: 0.43±0.09 vs 0.50±0.07, p=0.001; Hsk: -0.53±0.51 vs -1.09±0.51, p<0.001; H20: 0.31±0.10 vs 0.40±0.10, p=0.001; H50: 0.45±0.10 vs 0.53±0.08, p<0.001; Hratio: 1.01±0.25 vs 1.20±0.23, p=0.003). The THK and cross-sectional area of tendons in the study group were larger than those in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions. As a quantitative objective method, the computer-assisted ASE reveals that the asymptomatic ATs contralateral to acute rupture are softer than those of healthy control group at the proximal third and the asymptomatic tendons in people with rupture history are thicker, larger, and rounder than those of normal volunteers especially at the middle and distal thirds of AT body.

scholarly journals Sequestration of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA in BALB/c mice treated with goat bile

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Kartika Arum Wardani ◽  
Kholida Nur Aini ◽  
Heny Arwati ◽  
Willy Sandhika
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Bile Concentration

Abstract Sequestration of Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes occurs in BALB/c mice as characteristic of  Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans. Animals’ bile has been widely used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Goat bile has been used in healing infectious and non-infectious diseases; however, no report on the use of goat bile against malaria infection and sequestration. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between parasitemia and sequestration in the liver of P.berghei ANKA-infected BALB/c mice treated with goat bile. This research was an in vivo experimental study using the post-test control group design. The male BALB/c mice aged ± 6 weeks, body weight 20-25 g were used. The mice were divided into five groups where Group 1-3 were mice treated with goat bile 25%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. Group 4-5 were negative (sterile water) and positive controls (DHP). Parasitemia was observed daily from each mouse and the number of sequestered infected erythrocytes on the endothelium of sinusoids. The data were analyzed using t independent test. Antimalarial activity of goat bile was shown by the lower parasitemia in goat bile-treated mice compared with the negative control. The average number of sequestration was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. The higher the concentration, the lower the number of sequestration. Sequestration was correlated with parasitemia (p=0,0001). Sequestration of P.berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes correlated with parasitemia, and was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. Keywords: Malaria, parasitemia, sequestration, goat bileCorrespondence: [email protected]

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