scholarly journals A reflection of the love and spinning on notice poet Abdullah Taho (Women and the homeland)

2018 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-252
Author(s):  
M. Swrood weli Asmael
Keyword(s):  
Fluent Language

- It is shown to us through the poems of our poet (Pashyo) that he lived floating between two great seas of love with no dam between them… his love for his beloved lady (Yar) and his inordinate love for his (homeland), all of which was reflected in his poems, so the love of (Yar) was the source of his small inspiration with the love of homeland and the treatment of the pains and tortures of his nation. - (Pashyo) differs from the poets preceding him, he is one of scarce poets who declares with high and clear voice what his Kurdish people suffer of political and human problems through the words of his poems, he rises the mettles and addresses all the classes of his nation to uncover the occupiers and usurpers and expose them. His weapon is words that have more intensive effect that the bullets on them. - With respect to language, (Pashyo) wrote his poems in a simple and fluent language and at the same time they rise to high technical levels of superiority and beauty and what is named as abstained easy. - (Pashyo) was sincere and honest in his expressions, and did not write his poems for private purposes, except for the beloved love, while the rest of his poems were in the explanation and treatment of his nation's political problems. - Within the folds of his poems, it is shown that there is a directed message controlling in an obvious way over the shape and content.

The Growth of Linguistic Knowledge and Language Processing in Undergraduate Learners of French

1996 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Richard J. Towell
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Learner ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Second Language Learner ◽  
Temporal Variables ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Fluent Language

In this article it is argued first that linguistic knowledge consists of two components, linguistic competence and learned linguistic knowledge, and that these components are created in the mind of the second language learner by different processes. It is further argued that these two kinds of knowledge must be stored in the mind as proceduralised knowledge, through a process of automatization or proceduralisation, in order to permit fluent language processing. Using evidence gathered from undergraduate learners of French, these two hypotheses are investigated. The acquisition of competence is investigated through grammaticality judgement tests, the acquisition of proceduralised knowledge is investigated through the measurement of temporal variables. In relation to the acquisition of linguistic competence, the results suggest that learners do not re-set parameters even after a lengthy period of exposure to the L2, but that they may mimic the L2 on the basis of the LI. In relation to the proceduralisation of linguistic knowledge, the results suggest that learners do not possess the L2 knowledge in the same way as the LI knowledge but that specific aspects of the knowledge are proceduralised over time. It is expected that further investigation of the data set will enable more detailed statements about exactly what kind of knowledge has been acquired and proceduralised and what has not.

scholarly journals How many idioms are there in English?

2006 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn E. Grant ◽  
Paul Nation
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Multiword Units ◽  
Fluent Language

The word idiom and its derivatives idiomatic, idiomatically and idiomaticity are used with a wide range of meanings. Idiomatic English is used to refer to fluent language use that sounds like that of a native speaker. Items loosely classed as idioms include colloquial expressions, collocations, acceptable but unusual expressions, and opaque multi-word units. If linguists are pressed to define what an idiom is, they usually say that an idiom is a multi-word unit where the meaning of the whole unit is not clear from the meaning of its parts. The purpose of this paper is to report on a study where one particular use of the term idiom was very carefully defined and to show what the effects of the application of this careful definition were on coming up with a definitive list of idioms. It is argued that carefully distinguishing idioms from other multiword units makes sense for the teaching and leaming of multi-word units because different approaches are needed for the different types of multi-word units. Phrasal verbs were not included in the study.

scholarly journals Hva er viktig for forståelse? Om maskinoversetting fra nordsamisk

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-501
Author(s):  
Trond Trosterud ◽  
Lene Antonsen
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Text Comprehension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Translation System ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Grammatical Analysis ◽  
Machine Translation System ◽  
Language Quality ◽  
Lexical Errors ◽  
Fluent Language

The article presents a rule-based machine translation system from Northern Sami to Norwegian. The grammatical analysis is done with Giellatekno and Divvun's North Sami program for analysis and translation. We have written the transfer component (transfer lexicon and grammatical rules) within the framework of the open machine translation system Apertium. The article contains an evaluation of translated text for two different domains. The translated texts score better on the presentation of the content than on fluent language. By classifying the errors into lexical, grammatical and pragmatic errors, we show that lexical errors are the most harmful for text comprehension. The other two types of errors give a poor language quality, but they have little effect on comprehension. The type of error that is the easiest to correct is the lexical, which is a promising conclusion for the development of a machine translation system for text comprehension.

scholarly journals The Timing of Lexical Memory Retrievals in Language Production

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Cole ◽  
David Reitter
Keyword(s):  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Lexical Memory ◽  
Lexical Information ◽  
Time Point ◽  
Fluent Language

This paper explores the time course of lexical memory retrieval by modeling fluent language production. The duration of retrievals is predicted using the ACT-R cognitive architecture. In a large-scale observational study of a spoken corpus, we find that language production at a time point preceding a word is sped up or slowed down depending on activation of that word. This computational analysis has consequences for the theoretical model of language production. The data point to interference between lexical and phonological stages as well as a quantifiable buffer for lexical information.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on ischemic stroke: A case report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Zhai ◽  
Yanbing Ding ◽  
Yiming Li
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Excessive Secretion ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fluent Language

Abstract BackgroundThe outbreak of a novel coronavirus since December 2019 in Wuhan, became an emergency of major international concern. As of March 5, 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has caused 80,565 confirmed infections with 3,015 fatal cases in China. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is a major challenge for clinicians. In our clinic, we found a rare case that a COVID-19 patient combined with ischemic stroke.Case PresentationA 79-year-old man was admitted to the Hubei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine due to right limb weakness for 1 day and slight cough for 1 week. At presentation, his body temperature was 37.3°C (99.0°F) with some moist rales. Neurological examination showed right limb weakness, and the limb muscle strength was grade 4. The left leg and arms were unaffected. In addition, runs of speech were not fluent enough with tongue deviation. Laboratory studies showed lymphopenia and eosinophilic granulocytopenia. Chest CT revealed bilateral pulmonary parenchymal ground-glass and consolidative pulmonary opacities, with a peripheral lung distribution. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from throat swab sample was positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. This patient was treated with antiviral drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs with supportive care until his discharge. Clopidogrel (75 mg) and atorvastatin (20 mg) were administered orally to treat acute ischemic stroke. After twelve days of treatment, he can walk normally and communicate with near fluent language.ConclusionWe report an even more unusual case, a patient who was hospitalized for right limb weakness and was later diagnosed with COVID-19. Here, SARS-CoV-2 infection caused hypoxemia and excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. Once COVID-19 patients show acute ischemic stroke, neurologists should cooperate with infectious disease doctors to help patients.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Talent Training Strategy of International Baijiu Sommelier

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
ZHU Wenjun
Keyword(s):  
Hard Core ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Training Strategy ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
Communication Ability ◽  
Cultivation Strategy ◽  
Fluent Language

Chinese spirits (Baijiu) is one of the eight major spirits in the world, with annual output accounting for one third of the world's distilled liquor, but Baijiu sales in the international market account for only 0.76%. Baijiu, with its long history, is well known in China, but its international recognition is very limited. To share Baijiu with Chinese characteristics with the world's friends, we need a group of people who not only are familiar with the history, culture and drinking style of Chinese Baijiu, but also have the fluent language ability and certain international cross-cultural communication ability. Talent is the hard core of development; to achieve the internationalization of Chinese Baijiu depends on the training of professionals. The "International Baijiu Sommelier" program co-sponsored by Sichuan University of Science and Engineering (SUSE) and Wuliangye Group is to fill this talent vacancy. This paper focuses on the cultivation strategy of “international Baijiu sommelier”.

A fluent language disorder following antepartum left-hemisphere brain injury

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi M. Feldman ◽  
Audrey L. Holland ◽  
Rosalyn E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Fluent Language

scholarly journals Ο «Εις κοιμηθέντας» λόγος του Θεοφίλου Κορυδαλλέως και η αριστοτελική περί ψυχής θεματική του

The Gleaner ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Βασίλειος Ι. Τσιότρας
Keyword(s):  
Critical Edition ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Manuscript Tradition ◽  
Stylistic Elements ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Immortality Of The Soul ◽  
Fluent Language

Among the various writings of Theophilos Corydalleus, focusing on the Aristotelian interpretation and teaching practice at the major Academies of the Hellenic world under Ottoman rule, we find a unique work, a Funeral Oration. It was performed by Corydalleus himself in Constantinople in the decade of 1630-40 in honor of Poulcheria, a young woman who passed away in her youth. The departed came from an aristocratic family of the Phanariotic society, since her father, Michael Vlastos was a high-ranking officer of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. This discourse is preserved by five manuscripts and it is written in an elaborate demotic Greek language, enriched with a lot of ancient Greek wording and stylistic elements. The main goal of this paper is to study the manuscript tradition, the content and the sources (mainly Aristotelian and secondly patristic or biblical) and to produce a critical edition of the text. In this Oration, Corydalleus managed to simplify in a vivid and fluent language major Aristotelian doctrines concerning death, such as the separation of the soul from the body, the immortality of the soul, the meaning of fear, and the perception of time etc.VASILEIOS I. TSIOTRAS

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