scholarly journals Oblique Gate Direction During Centrifugal Casting in Artificial Lumbar Disc Model of CP-Ti

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Lilik Dwi Setyana ◽  
Muslim Mahardika ◽  
Suyitno Suyitno
Keyword(s):  
Molten Metal ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
Disc Model ◽  
Sharp Turn ◽  
Tangential Forces ◽  
The One ◽  
Cp Ti ◽  
Better Than

Oblique gate direction in different angles was hardly applied in centrifugal casting. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of oblique gate direction in centrifugal casting on density, porosity, roughness, and microstructures in the artificial lumbar disc model. The angles of the oblique gate were ranged from 30º to 150º toward to the runner. The sharp turn of the gate would cause retardations and losses friction that decreased the pressure in molten metal. This process caused the porosity and the surface roughness decreased while the density increased. The product in which the oblique gate direction was the same with the mold rotation was better than the one in the opposite direction. The tangential forces would increase the forces acting on molten metal when entered the mold with the oblique gate direction that same with the mold rotation. Gate with the θ of 90º was the most widely used, but the product was better to use the gate with the θ of 60º than the product with the θ of 90º. Hence, to obtain an artificial lumbar disc model with less porosity, high density, and smooth surface, the oblique gate of 60º should be applied.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF GATE SHAPE AND DIRECTION DURING CENTRIFUGAL CASTING ON ARTIFICIAL LUMBAR DISC MODEL OF CP-TI

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Lilik Dwi Setyana ◽  
Muslim Mahardika ◽  
Sutiyoko Sutiyoko ◽  
Suyitno Suyitno
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oblique Direction ◽  
Disc Model ◽  
Cp Ti

<p class="AMSmaintext">Shape and direction of gate in centrifugal casting affected the microstructures and defects in castings. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of gate shape and direction in centrifugal casting toward on porosity, density, roughness, and microstructures on the artificial lumbar disc model. The main shapes of the gate were circular and rectangular cross-section.  The circular cross-section gate shape was used for two different directions of artificial lumbar discs; vertical, and horizontal. Furthermore, the rectangular cross-section gate shape consisted of three different directions; oblique clockwise, oblique counter-clockwise and perpendicular towards the mold. The rotational mold was conducted at a speed of 60 rpm. The results showed that the rectangular cross-section gate shape with the oblique direction same with the rotation of the mold produced artificial lumbar disc model that had the smallest porosity area among the other directions. It was the best shape and direction of the gate among the others which had the smallest porosity area (0,68%), highest density (4,517 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), and smoothest roughness (8,76 µm). In the sub-surface, the microstructure of α-case was formed. The thickness and hardness of the α-case in this design were 50-100 µm and 760 VHN, respectively. Hence, the rectangular cross-section gate shape with the oblique direction same with the rotation of the mold was appropriate to be applied in the manufacture of an artificial lumbar disc model.</p>

Subjective Time Preference and Willingness to Pay for an Energy-Saving Durable Good

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Antonides ◽  
Sophia R. Wunderink
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Durable Good ◽  
Discount Function ◽  
Hyperbolic Discount ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Parameter ◽  
Difference Effect ◽  
Better Than

Summary: Different shapes of individual subjective discount functions were compared using real measures of willingness to accept future monetary outcomes in an experiment. The two-parameter hyperbolic discount function described the data better than three alternative one-parameter discount functions. However, the hyperbolic discount functions did not explain the common difference effect better than the classical discount function. Discount functions were also estimated from survey data of Dutch households who reported their willingness to postpone positive and negative amounts. Future positive amounts were discounted more than future negative amounts and smaller amounts were discounted more than larger amounts. Furthermore, younger people discounted more than older people. Finally, discount functions were used in explaining consumers' willingness to pay for an energy-saving durable good. In this case, the two-parameter discount model could not be estimated and the one-parameter models did not differ significantly in explaining the data.

Exploring the Multidimensional Facets of Authoritarianism: Authoritarian Aggression and Social Dominance Orientation

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Passini
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

The relation between authoritarianism and social dominance orientation was analyzed, with authoritarianism measured using a three-dimensional scale. The implicit multidimensional structure (authoritarian submission, conventionalism, authoritarian aggression) of Altemeyer’s (1981, 1988) conceptualization of authoritarianism is inconsistent with its one-dimensional methodological operationalization. The dimensionality of authoritarianism was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 713 university students. As hypothesized, the three-factor model fit the data significantly better than the one-factor model. Regression analyses revealed that only authoritarian aggression was related to social dominance orientation. That is, only intolerance of deviance was related to high social dominance, whereas submissiveness was not.

Designing Women

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Working Women ◽  
Costume Design ◽  
Creative Force ◽  
Women's Fashion ◽  
The One ◽  
Studio Era ◽  
Average Woman ◽  
Better Than

During the early 1940s, journalists observed that after years of men controlling women’s fashion, Hollywood had become “a fashion center in which women designers are getting to be a big power.” In a town where “the working girl is queen,” it was women who really knew how to dress working women. Edith Head’s name dominates Hollywood costume design. Though a relatively poor sketch artist who refused to sew in public, Head understood what the average woman wanted to wear and knew better than anyone how to craft her image as the-one-and-only Edith Head. However, she was one of many women who designed Hollywood glamour in the studio era. This chapter juxtaposes Head’s career with that of a younger, fiercely independent designer who would quickly upstage Head as a creative force. In many senses, Dorothy Jeakins’s postwar career ascent indicated the waning of the Hollywood system and the powerful relationship between female designers, stars, and fans.

Development of a Single-Code/Default Coding Strategy in Pigeons

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia S. Clement ◽  
Thomas R. Zentall
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Discrimination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matching Accuracy ◽  
Efficient Coding ◽  
Coding Strategy ◽  
One To One ◽  
Retention Intervals ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

We tested the hypothesis that pigeons could use a cognitively efficient coding strategy by training them on a conditional discrimination (delayed symbolic matching) in which one alternative was correct following the presentation of one sample (one-to-one), whereas the other alternative was correct following the presentation of any one of four other samples (many-to-one). When retention intervals of different durations were inserted between the offset of the sample and the onset of the choice stimuli, divergent retention functions were found. With increasing retention interval, matching accuracy on trials involving any of the many-to-one samples was increasingly better than matching accuracy on trials involving the one-to-one sample. Furthermore, following this test, pigeons treated a novel sample as if it had been one of the many-to-one samples. The data suggest that rather than learning each of the five sample-comparison associations independently, the pigeons developed a cognitively efficient single-code/default coding strategy.

scholarly journals Numerical Study of Pressure Attenuation Effect on Tunnel Structures Subjected to Blast Loads

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5646
Author(s):  
Cheng-Wei Hung ◽  
Ying-Kuan Tsai ◽  
Tai-An Chen ◽  
Hsin-Hung Lai ◽  
Pin-Wen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Orifice Plate ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Pressure Reduction ◽  
Expansion Chamber ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Attenuation Effect ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

This study used experimental and numerical simulation methods to discuss the attenuation mechanism of a blast inside a tunnel for different forms of a tunnel pressure reduction module under the condition of a tunnel near-field explosion. In terms of the experiment, a small-scale model was used for the explosion experiments of a tunnel pressure reduction module (expansion chamber, one-pressure relief orifice plate, double-pressure relief orifice plate). In the numerical simulation, the pressure transfer effect was evaluated using the ALE fluid–solid coupling and mapping technique. The findings showed that the pressure attenuation model changed the tunnel section to diffuse, reduce, or detour the pressure transfer, indicating the blast attenuation effect. In terms of the effect of blast attenuation, the double-pressure relief orifice plate was better than the one-pressure relief orifice plate, and the single-pressure relief orifice plate was better than the expansion chamber. The expansion chamber attenuated the blast by 30%, the one-pressure relief orifice plate attenuated the blast by 51%, and the double-pressure relief orifice plate attenuated the blast by 82%. The blast attenuation trend of the numerical simulation result generally matched that of the experimental result. The results of this study can provide a reference for future protective designs and reinforce the U.S. Force regulations.

scholarly journals Robust Tracking Controller for a DC/DC Buck-Boost Converter–Inverter–DC Motor System

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Hernández-Márquez ◽  
Carlos Avila-Rea ◽  
José García-Sánchez ◽  
Ramón Silva-Ortigoza ◽  
Gilberto Silva-Ortigoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Boost Converter ◽  
Differential Flatness ◽  
Robust Tracking ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Tracking Controller ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Better Than

This paper has two aims. The first is to develop a robust hierarchical tracking controller for the DC/DC Buck-Boost–inverter–DC motor system. This controller considers a high level control for the inverter–DC motor subsystems and a low level control for the DC/DC Buck-Boost converter subsystem. Such controls solve the tracking task associated with the angular velocity of the motor shaft and the output voltage of the converter, respectively, via the differential flatness approach. The second aim is to present a comparison of the robust hierarchical controller to a passive controller. This, with the purpose of showing that performance achieved with the hierarchical controller proposed in this paper, is better than the one achieved with the passive controller. Both controllers are experimentally implemented on a prototype of the DC/DC Buck-Boost–inverter–DC motor system by using Matlab-Simulink along with the DS1104 board from dSPACE. According to experimental results, the proposal in the present paper achieves a better performance than the passive controller.

To the problem of uncertainty in interpolation of annual runoff

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqi Yan ◽  
Lars Gottschalk ◽  
Irina Krasovskaia ◽  
Jun Xia
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Regular Grid ◽  
Main River ◽  
Average Annual Runoff ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

The long-term mean value of runoff is the basic descriptor of available water resources. This paper focuses on the accuracy that can be achieved when mapping this variable across space and along main rivers for a given stream gauging network. Three stochastic interpolation schemes for estimating average annual runoff across space are evaluated and compared. Two of the schemes firstly interpolate runoff to a regular grid net and then integrate the grid values along rivers. One of these schemes includes a constraint to account for the lateral water balance along the rivers. The third scheme interpolates runoff directly to points along rivers. A drainage basin in China with 20 gauging sites is used as a test area. In general, all three approaches reproduce the sample discharges along rivers with postdiction errors along main river branches around 10%. Using more objective cross-validation results, it was found that the two schemes based on basin integration, and especially the one with a constraint, performed significantly better than the one with direct interpolation to points along rivers. The analysis did not allow identification of possible influence of surface water use.

Simulation Analysis of Penetration Performance of Tungsten Alloy and Tungsten Carbide Rod Penetrator

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Qun Biao Wu ◽  
Pei Hui Shen ◽  
Rong Zhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Tungsten Alloy ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Penetration Mechanics ◽  
Armor Steel ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than ◽  
And Tungsten

In penetration mechanics, the material parameters of the rod penetrator are very important factors which influence the effect of penetration. The effect of each parameter changes with the impact velocity. Simulation analysis of two models filled with tungsten alloy and tungsten carbide separately penetrating semi-infinite armor steel target at medium to high velocities has been made to quantitatively analyze the key roles that the density and hardness play. Simulation results indicate that a dividing line of velocity exists between the penetrations of two materials. Above the line, tungsten alloy rod with greater density has a distinct advantage with increasing velocity. Below the line, the advantage of tungsten carbide rod with greater hardness is significantly more with the decreasing velocity. In the process of penetration, penetration velocity decreases rapidly from a high value to zero. The simulation result provides quantitative analytic basis which can be used to prove that the penetrator composed of two different materials is better than the one composed of homogenous material.

Martin Shapiro: An Appreciation

The Forum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shep Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Thick Description ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

AbstractOver the past half century no judicial politics scholar has been more respected or influential than Martin Shapiro. Yet it is hard to identify a school of thought one could call “Shapiroism.” Rather than offer convenient methodologies or grand theories, Shapiro provides rich empirical studies that show us how to think about the relationship between law and courts on the one hand and politics and governing on the other. Three key themes run through Shapiro’s impressive oevre. First, rather than study courts in isolation, political scientists should view them as “one government agency among many,” and seek to “integrate the judicial system in the matrix of government and politics in which it actually operates.” Law professors may understand legal doctrines better than political scientists, but we know (or should know) the rest of the political system better than they do. Second, although judges inevitably make political decisions, their institutional environment leads them to act differently from other public officials. Most importantly, their legitimacy rests on their perceived impartiality within the plaintiff-defendant-judge triad. The conflict between judges’ role as impartial arbiter and enforcer of the laws of the regime can never be completely resolved and places powerful constraints on their actions. Third, the best way to understand the complex relationship between courts and other elements of the regime is comparative analysis. Shapiro played a major role in resuscitating comparative law, especially in his work comparing the US and the EU. All this he did with a rare combination of thick description and crisp, jargon-free analysis, certainly a rarity the political science of our time.

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