scholarly journals PHOTO EFFECT AND BIO-AUTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF INTRACELLULAR ORANGE FLUORESCENT PIGMENT PRODUCED BY Bacillus endophyticus

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. e202
Author(s):  
Sairam Mantri ◽  
Chandini Sulthana Syed ◽  
Naga Rathna Supriya G ◽  
Amrutha Valli Audupudi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Pigment Production ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Fluorescent Pigment ◽  
Bacillus Endophyticus ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

Present study has focused on the effect of chemical (solvents) and physical (photo) conditions on pigment production and its bioactivity of intracellular orange fluorescent pigment (IOFP) extracted from soil bacterium Bacillus endophyticus. Standardization of pigment and its colour stability was confirmed by using different solvents (70% & 100% ethanol, hexane, heptane, ethyl acetate, acetone, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and distilled water), photo conditions (Dark, U.V light and White light) on pigment production and its bio-activeness by antibacterial activity using agar cup plate method against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes and Listeria monocytogenes) and gram-negative (Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholera, Shigella Flexneri and E.coli) human pathogens and purification of pigment by TLC coupled with bio-autographic studies. Acetone is proved to be the best solvent for extraction and the pigment was stable in all solvents without changing its colour except heptane. When compared to control (dark incubation) antibacterial activity of IOFP produced in U.V and W. Light was effective against all tested pathogens with slight differences in their antibacterial activity. TLC bio-autographic studies reveal that the separated pure band shows clear zone of inhibition under red back ground of live cells stating that, the compound is active against human bacterial pathogens. Hence this study concludes that, the production and biological activity of the IOFP was independent of light incubation, and TLC guided bio-autographic approach offers a rapid detection technique that avoids the testing of purified fraction once again.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF CLAUSENA DENTATA (WILLD.) ROEM.

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
ANNAMALAI MADURAM ◽  
RAJU KAMARAJ
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the antibacterial activity for the various extracts of Clausena dentata against human pathogens. Clausena (Rutaceae) is a genus of about 23 species of unarmed trees and shrubs. The stem bark of C. dentata is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of wounds and sprains. Even though C. dentata has a lot of potential medical uses, the study of microbiological properties is very scarce. Methods: The plant C. dentata was collected from Kadagaman, near Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India, and authenticated by Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai. The dry powder of stem bark was extracted with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus and compared with ciprofloxacin. Results: Qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrate, proteins and amino acids, phytosterols, and volatile oil. The antibacterial activity result reveals that all the extracts were are more active against V. cholerae. The activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was mild. Conclusion: The activity against V. cholerae was comparable with that of 5 μg/mL ciprofloxacin at the concentration of C. dentata 40 μg/mL. The orders of antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria are hexane, methanol, and chloroform extract of C. dentata.

scholarly journals Visible-Light-Induced Bactericidal Activity of a Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Photocatalyst against Human Pathogens

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 6111-6116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Show Wong ◽  
Wen-Chen Chu ◽  
Der-Shan Sun ◽  
Hsuan-Shun Huang ◽  
Jiann-Hwa Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Carbon Doped ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Visible Light Illumination

ABSTRACT The antibacterial activity of photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) substrates is induced primarily by UV light irradiation. Recently, nitrogen- and carbon-doped TiO2 substrates were shown to exhibit photocatalytic activities under visible-light illumination. Their antibacterial activity, however, remains to be quantified. In this study, we demonstrated that nitrogen-doped TiO2 substrates have superior visible-light-induced bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli compared to pure TiO2 and carbon-doped TiO2 substrates. We also found that protein- and light-absorbing contaminants partially reduce the bactericidal activity of nitrogen-doped TiO2 substrates due to their light-shielding effects. In the pathogen-killing experiment, a significantly higher proportion of all tested pathogens, including Shigella flexneri, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Acinetobacter baumannii, were killed by visible-light-illuminated nitrogen-doped TiO2 substrates than by pure TiO2 substrates. These findings suggest that nitrogen-doped TiO2 has potential application in the development of alternative disinfectants for environmental and medical usages.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chitosan from Scylla serrata Against the Human Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha B ◽  
Indra V ◽  
Abdul Rahim M ◽  
Venkadachalam E
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Chitosan, a polysaccharide derivative of chitin forms the structural components in the exoskeletons of crustacean animals and is also found in the cell walls of fungi. Chitosan is produced primarily from the crab shell waste through chemical means. The chemical structure of chitosan has been identified and characterized by FT-IR and XRD. In the current study, the antimicrobial activity of chemically deacetylated chitosan extracts of mud crabs (Scylla serrata) was evaluated against five human pathogenic isolates viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar disc diffusion method. These were performed to determine the crystallinity and functional properties of chitosan. The results showed that the antibacterial effect increased with increasing chitosan concentration. This study showed that chitosan isolated from crab shell has potential antibacterial activity therefore it can be utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and that antibacterial activity may be due to functional groups present in the crab shell.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antidiare Daun Harendong (Malestoma malabathricum L)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Ika Kurnia Sukmawati ◽  
Elin Yulinah Sukandar ◽  
Neng Fisheri Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Better Than

Diarrhea still become main health problem especially in several developing countries including Indonesia. Hharendong leaf have been used by people traditionally as the treatment of various Gastrointestinal tract disorders including diarrhea. The purpose of this study was tested antidiarrhea and antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions of the three selected plants. The extraction was conducted using reflux method with ethanol 96% as solvent. Extract was fractinated by liquid-liquid extraction methods using n-hexane and ethylacetate solvents gradually. Antimicrobial activity assays was performed by using broth microdiluiton methods toward extract and fractions of plants selected. Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhi. were used as microbes test. Antidiarhhea activity was tested to diarrhea animal induced by castor oil. Dosage test was given one hour before induction then carried out observations of feces (frequency, consistency and weight). Transit intestinal method was also performed in this experiment with comparing the length of the intestinal through by marker with the total length of the intestine. Antidiarrhea activity result have shown that Harendong leaf extract at the doses 50 and 100 mg/kg BW showed decreased of frequency ,consistency and weight of feces better than another extract. Ethylacetate fraction of the leaf harendong showed antibacterial activity to Shigella dysenteriae ( MIC of 128 µg/ml), dan Salmonella typhi (MIC 512 µg/ml), and fraction n-heksan of the leaf harendong showed antibacterial activity to Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi the MIC 512 µg/ml.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION AND CHARECTERIZATION OFINTRACELLULAR ORANGE FLUORESCENT PIGMENT FROM BACILLUS ENDOPHYTICUS (AVP-9(Kf527823)

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Mantri Sai Ram ◽  
Nokku Pradeep Kumar ◽  
C. V. S. Bhaskar ◽  
Amrutha V. Audipudi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Orange Pigment ◽  
Fluorescent Pigment ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Bacillus Endophyticus

Objective: Our study aimed to characterize and optimize the physico-chemical properties which render the high yield of intracellular orange fluorescent pigment (IOFP) and its antibacterial activity against clinical pathogens.Methods: Intracellular orange fluorescent pigment (IOFP) extracted from Bacillus endophyticus AVP-9(Kf527823) a rhizobacteria of chilli agricultural field using different solvent systems, fractioned by TLC and analyzed for absorption maxima. Purified pigment was screened for antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogen, Optimization of cultural conditions for maximizing the yield of pigment and compared the yield in different broth media.Results: AVP-9(Kf527823) showed circular, large orange color colonies which fluoresced orange under U. V light,. Intracellular pigment affectively extracted in acetone showed a bright fluorescent orange spot on the TLC plate, and absorption maxima at 493 nm. Antibacterial activity of isolated pigment showed highest zone of inhibition against E. coli and least to Pseudomonas. Maximum yield of the pigment was achieved in modified nutrient brot (MNB)h medium containing 2% w/v nutrient broth containing1% w/v glucose,1% w/v peptone and0.5% methionine at 35 °C and pH 7.0 with 48 h of incubation period. The yield was observed maximum in MNB. Compared to lactose broth, Tryptone soya broth and peptone water.Conclusion: Bright fluorescent orange pigment of Bacterium avp-9(Kf527823) with absorption maxima at 493 indicating that the pigment shows the characters of carotenoids. Yield maximum in MNB and its potential antibacterial activity needs further investigation for pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals Modulatory Effects of Caffeine and Pentoxifylline on Aromatic Antibiotics: A Role for Hetero-Complex Formation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3628
Author(s):  
Anna Woziwodzka ◽  
Marta Krychowiak-Maśnicka ◽  
Grzegorz Gołuński ◽  
Anna Felberg ◽  
Agnieszka Borowik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Titration Calorimetry ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Neighborhood Association ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Antibiotic Interactions

Antimicrobial resistance is a major healthcare threat globally. Xanthines, including caffeine and pentoxifylline, are attractive candidates for drug repurposing, given their well-established safety and pharmacological profiles. This study aimed to analyze potential interactions between xanthines and aromatic antibiotics (i.e., tetracycline and ciprofloxacin), and their impact on antibiotic antibacterial activity. UV-vis spectroscopy, statistical-thermodynamical modeling, and isothermal titration calorimetry were used to quantitatively evaluate xanthine-antibiotic interactions. The antibacterial profiles of xanthines, and xanthine-antibiotic mixtures, towards important human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae were examined. Caffeine and pentoxifylline directly interact with ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, with neighborhood association constant values of 15.8–45.6 M−1 and enthalpy change values up to −4 kJ·M−1. Caffeine, used in mixtures with tested antibiotics, enhanced their antibacterial activity in most pathogens tested. However, antagonistic effects of caffeine were also observed, but only with ciprofloxacin toward Gram-positive pathogens. Xanthines interact with aromatic antibiotics at the molecular and in vitro antibacterial activity level. Given considerable exposure to caffeine and pentoxifylline, these interactions might be relevant for the effectiveness of antibacterial pharmacotherapy, and may help to identify optimal treatment regimens in the era of multidrug resistance.

scholarly journals Emphasized Mechanistic Antimicrobial Study of Biofunctionalized Silver Nanoparticles on Model Proteus mirabilis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asra Parveen ◽  
Manjunath S. Yalagatti ◽  
Venkataraman Abbaraju ◽  
Raghunandan Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Study ◽  
Synthetic Procedure ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
The Stability

Antimicrobial study of biofunctionalized silver nanoparticles has been done with the emphasis on its mechanism on both gram positive and negative bacteria. The biofunctionalized silver nanoparticles are employed considering their importance in green chemistry with respect to easy synthesis, usefulness, and economic synthetic procedure involved. The stability of these nanoparticles was determined by zeta potential analyzer. The probable mechanism of antibacterial activity was performed on Proteus mirabilis by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX) study which does not show the presence of silver. The free radicals generated by silver nanoparticles were responsible for lethal antibacterial activity by rupturing the cell surface which causes improper nutrient and signal supply. Free radical scavenging efficacy of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. AgNP enhanced the membrane leakage of reducing sugars by destroying the proteins existing on the cell wall. These nanoparticles are found to be toxic against human pathogens and are highly effective on Staphylococcus aureus. The effect of silver nanoparticles is concentration dependent and independent of the type of strains used.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. (carqueja) against bacteria of medical interest

Revista CERES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álan Alex Aleixo ◽  
Karina Marjorie Silva Herrera ◽  
Rosy Iara Maciel de Azambuja Ribeiro ◽  
Luciana Alves Rodrigues dos Santos Lima ◽  
Jaqueline Maria Siqueira Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
Antibacterial Susceptibility ◽  
Baccharis Trimera ◽  
Medical Interest

Baccharis trimera (Less.) (Asteraceae), popularly know as "carqueja", is a species commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment or prevention of diseases. In this context, the purpose of this work was to study the antibacterial activity of crude hydroalcoholic extract from Baccharis trimera against Gram-positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus saprophyticus ATCC 15305, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli EHEC ATCC 43895, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 27736, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430) of clinical interest. Antibacterial susceptibility was evaluated by broth microdilution assay following the CLSI (formerly the NCCLS) guidelines. The extract from B. trimera showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and the most interesting result was obtained against S. epidermidis that presented Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of 250μg/mL. These results indicate that B. trimera have bacterisostatic potential against Gram-positive bacterial strains of medical interest and could serve as a base for further studies on the use of isolated compounds from this species as future antimicrobials.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE SYNERGISTIC ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES ON CERTAIN ANTIBIOTICS AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Selvarani Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Agar Disc

Objective: Resistance to antibacterial agents by pathogenic bacteria has emerged in recent years and is a major challenge for the healthcare industry. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are known to be one of the multifunctional inorganic nanoparticles with effective antibacterial activity. Hence the present investigation has been focused on synthesizing and evaluating the bactericidal effect of copper nanoparticles.Methods: CuNPs were synthesized by reducing the aqueous solution of copper sulfate with sodium borohydride. The synthesized particles were characterized by x-ray diffractogram (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques to analyze size, morphology and quantitative information respectively. The antibacterial activity of CuNPs was examined by agar well diffusion method. Synergistic effect of CuNPs with broad-spectrum antibiotics was determined by the agar disc diffusion method.Results: Color change of reaction mixture from blue to dark brown indicated the formation of CuNPs. SEM image clearly demonstrated that the synthesized particles were spherical in shape and its size was found to be 17.85 nm. EDS report confirmed the presence of elemental copper in the resultant nanoparticles and its accounts for major proportion (96%) of the mass of nanoparticles. Bacterial effect of CuNPs revealed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the highest antibacterial sensitivity (16.00±1.63 mm), whereas least susceptibility (9.67±0.47 mm) was noticed against Staphylococcus aureus. An enhanced antibacterial activity of commercial antibiotics was also noticed when it combined with CuNPS. A minimum zone of inhibition was increased from 0.67±0.47 mm to 10.66±0.24 mm when the nanoparticles and antibiotics were given together.Conclusion: It was observed that copper nanoparticles exhibited profound activity against all the tested bacterial strains which shows that CuNPs may serve as a better option for use in medicine in the future.

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