Cadmium sorption by dried plant biomass – Reversibility studies

Heavy metals such as cadmium are hazardous to biosystems and present possible human health risk. Thus, the removal of cadmium from liquid wastes is of great importance from an environmental and industrial point of view. There is a tendency to use agricultural wastes for the sorption of toxic metals as an alternative to the existing conventional technologies. The aim of this work was to describe Cd sorption and desorption equilibria by dried leaf biomass of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), hop (Humulus lupulus L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), pepper (Capsidum annuum L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and vine-grape (Vitis vinifera L.) using radiotracer technique with 109CdCl2. Cadmium sorption Q values (mg/g, d.w.) of all of plant biomass studied increased proportionally with the initial CdCl2 concentration within the range 0.01 – 10 mmol/L CdCl2. Mean sorption capacity of dried leaf biomasses of eight plants for Cd from the solution with the initial concentration C0 = 10 mmol/L CdCl2 in deionized water was Q = 213 μmol/g (d.w.). By single step desorption of Cd from leaf biomass for 30 min at 20 °C with deionized water, 0.1 mmol/L EDTA or 0.1 mmol/L HCl, up to 30 %, 85 % and 98 % of sorbed Cd, respectively, was removed. Obtained data can serve as a model for the prediction of sorption-desorption equilibria of biomass used for removing of Cd from polluted waters and Cd releasing back into waters containing other inorganic solutes. Formation of Cd2+, CdCl+, CdCl2 0, CdSO4 0, CdOH+, Cd2OH3+, Cd(OH)20 and Cd(OH)3- species in dependence on pH values and the presence of Cl- anions is also discussed.

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Severe Water Deficiency during the Mid-Vegetative and Reproductive Phase has Little Effect on Proso Millet Performance

Water ◽

10.3390/w11102155 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2155 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Grašič ◽

Golob ◽

Vogel-Mikuš ◽

Gaberščik

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Leaf Traits ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Short Wave ◽

Leaf Biomass ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Water Deficiency ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Proso Millet

Climate change can result in extreme droughts, significantly affecting crop production. C4 crop proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) has the lowest water consumption among all of the cereal crops. Understanding its survival mechanisms is thus crucial for agriculture. Furthermore, yield reduction does not only occur directly due to water shortage, but is also a consequence of an impaired element uptake during drought. This study aimed to examine the effect of water deficiency on proso millet leaf traits, plant biomass partition, and yield. In addition, leaf element contents were analysed, including silicon, which is an important multifunctional element for grasses. The majority of the measured parameters showed little change from the control to the moderate and severe water shortage treatments, even though the soil moisture levels differed significantly. The most pronounced reduction in comparison to the control was for leaf biomass, leaf stomatal conductance, and leaf silicon, phosphorus, calcium, and sulphur contents. Conversely, an increase was obtained for leaf potassium and chlorine contents. Panicle biomass was the same for all plant groups. Leaf silicon was positively correlated to reflectance in the UV region, while leaf calcium was negatively correlated to reflectance in the visible regions, which might prevent damage due to short-wave UV radiation and provide sufficient visible light for photosynthesis. The efficient light and water management, reduction of leaf biomass, and same-sized root system may be the mechanisms that mitigate the negative effects of water shortage in proso millet.

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Evolution of nutrient acquisition: when adaptation fills the gap between contrasting ecological theories

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2010.1167 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 278 (1704) ◽

pp. 449-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S. Boudsocq ◽

S. Barot ◽

N. Loeuille

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary Dynamics ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Adaptive Dynamics ◽

Ecosystem Model ◽

Point Of View ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Trade Off ◽

Ecosystem Properties ◽

Ecological Theories ◽

Limiting Nutrient

Although plant strategies for acquiring nutrients have been widely studied from a functional point of view, their evolution is still not well understood. In this study, we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of these strategies and determine how they influence ecosystem properties. To do so, we use a simple nutrient-limited ecosystem model in which plant ability to take up nutrients is subject to adaptive dynamics. We postulate the existence of a trade-off between this ability and mortality. We show that contrasting strategies are possible as evolutionary outcomes, depending on the shape of the trade-off and, when nitrogen is considered as the limiting nutrient, on the intensity of symbiotic fixation. Our model enables us to bridge these evolutionary outcomes to classical ecological theories such as Hardin's tragedy of the commons and Tilman's rule of R *. Evolution does not systematically maximize plant biomass or primary productivity. On the other hand, each evolutionary outcome leads to a decrease in the availability of the limiting mineral nutrient, supporting the work of Tilman on competition between plants for a single resource. Our model shows that evolution can be used to link different classical ecological results and that adaptation may influence ecosystem properties in contrasted ways.

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Effects of Simulated Defoliation on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of an Invasive Liana, Ipomoea cairica (Convolvulaceae)

Invasive Plant Science and Management ◽

10.1614/ipsm-d-11-00088.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 282-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Weihua Li ◽

Xingshan Tian ◽

Jianning Luo ◽

Yanhong Dai ◽

Changlian Peng

Keyword(s):

Compensatory Growth ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽

Leaf Biomass ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Stomatal Limitation ◽

Simulated Herbivory ◽

Energy Dissipated ◽

Simulated Defoliation ◽

Uptake Of Nutrients

AbstractTo better understand the response of Ipomoea cairica (Cairo morningglory) to herbivory, the compensatory growth and photosynthetic characteristics of plants were measured after simulated herbivory by leaf trimming at four intensities: 25, 50, 75, and 100% removal, starting from the apex. Defoliation at 25% had no significant influence on plant biomass, but the total biomass (−19 to −66%) and root biomass (−31 to −75%) of the plants decreased significantly when defoliation intensity was ≥ 50% (P < 0.05). Photosynthetic rates (Pn) increased with defoliation intensity (P < 0.01), and Pn values in the defoliated plants were 10 to 72% greater than those in the control plants, a relationship that could be attributed to a decrease in stomatal limitation (−11 to −34%) and the increase in rubisco content (9 to 18%) as well as higher photosynthetic efficiency and less light energy dissipated as heat. At defoliation intensities up to 50%, plants needed more energy to compensate photosynthetically, which could influence the plant photosynthetic characteristics as well as the allocation of assimilates, resulting in less root development. Since the spread of I. cairica depends primarily on clonal growth, smaller roots could limit uptake of nutrients from the soil. These direct and indirect effects indicate that leaf-feeding herbivores may have potential for biological control of I. cairica but to have any effect the herbivores would need to consume ≥ 50% of the leaf biomass.

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Life cycle and genetic diversity of willow rusts (Melampsora spp.) in Europe

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2011.001 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joanna Ciszewska-Marciniak ◽

Małgorzata Jędryczka

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Dna Polymorphism ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Rust Fungi ◽

Point Of View ◽

Salix Viminalis ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Short Rotation

The paper is a review of classical and recent studies on willow rusts in Europe, with special reference to short rotation coppice willows used for biomass production, such as common osier willow (Salix viminalis L.). The review presents the taxonomic classification of rust fungi from the genus Melampsora spp. We present a list of telial hosts (genus Salix) as well as aecial hosts for different rust species. The life cycle of this fungal pathogen is described in detail from the epidemiological and genetic point of view. The DNA polymorphism of M. lariciepitea, the rust species most responsible for severe yield losses of plant biomass, is characterised based on RAPD, AFLP and RFLP-PCR methods.

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Effect of Osmotic Conditioning in Physiological Quality of Cucumis sativus L. and Solanum lycopersicum L. Seeds

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v12n9p245 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 245

Author(s):

P. V. Peña Alvarenga ◽

Y. M. Lezcano Aquino ◽

L. Ayala Aguilera ◽

M. J. González Vera ◽

W. N. Ortiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

Peg 6000 ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Tomato Seeds ◽

Physiological Quality

The human consumption of vegetables in different parts of the world is quite high, among them tomato stands out on a larger scale and not so far, also is cucumber, both with great economic importance. Due to the problems regarding the vigor of many seeds, techniques that seek to improve the establishment of the seedlings in a uniform way have been implemented. One technique is the osmotic conditioning to which the seeds are submitted, for which compound solutions such as polyethylene glycol or potassium nitrate can be used, with which very satisfactory results are obtained under laboratory and field conditions The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of different doses and osmotic solutions on the physiological quality of seeds of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in laboratory and field conditions. The evaluated variables were germination percentage, germination speed index, root length and emergence of seedlings. The tomato seeds were conditioned with PEG-6000 (-0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 Mpa) and stored for a 30 days period, and as for the cucumber seeds with PEG-6000 (-0.2 and -0.1 Mpa) and with KNO³ (100 mg and 300 mg) with a storage period of 45 days. It is concluded that, in tomato seeds, germination did not present statistical differences, however, the variables referring to vigor were favored with the conditioning in the presence of PEG-6000 with the (-0.2 Mpa) concentration, while in cucumber seeds the germination percentage was better using PEG 6000 compared to nitrate, while for vigor variables it behaved better in the presence of a concentration of (-0.2 Mpa) of PEG.

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Hepatotoxic Manifestations of Arsenic Trioxide Loaded Poly (Lactide-co-Glycolide) Nanoparticles in Wistar Rat

10.21203/rs.3.rs-533921/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yeshvandra Verma ◽

Kavita Rana ◽

Varsha Rani ◽

Suresh VS Rana

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Arsenic Trioxide ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Point Of View ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Prime Concern ◽

Different Types ◽

Serum Transaminases ◽

Mitochondrial Lipid

Abstract Present study reports on the hepatotoxic manifestations of arsenic trioxide loaded poly lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles (As2O3-PLGA- NPs) in rats. As2O3-PLGA- NPs enhances the activity of serum transaminases. As2O3-PLGA-NPs are potential inducer of lipid peroxidation in mitochondria as well as microsomes. Mitochondrial lipid peroxidation was higher than the microsomal lipid peroxidation. CYP450 2E1 was lower in the liver of As2O3-PLGA- NPs treated rats in comparison to arsenic trioxide treated rats. GSH showed lower values than control rats and arsenic trioxide treated rats. Glutathione-S-transferase inhibited by arsenic trioxide, non significant increase was recorded in the liver of As2O3-PLGA- NPs treated rats. As2O3-PLGA- NPs readily accumulates in liver and induces peculiar histopathological changes viz. intracytoplasmic/intranuclear inclusions and apoptosis. Since As2O3-PLGA- NPs are being considered as a suitable chemo-preventive agent against different types of cancer, its toxicological properties are of prime concern from bio-safety point of view. Thus, present observations seem to be important from human health risk assessment point of view.

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Estimation of the application biopreparation of complex action “Agrophil” and the polyhumates of sapropel on the intensification of the physiological processes of alliumcepa growth in a magnetic hydroculture

The Agrarian Scientific Journal ◽

10.28983/asj.y2021i3pp38-44 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 38-44

Author(s):

Tamara Valerievna Panferova ◽

Yan Viktorovich Pukhalsky ◽

Alexey Savelievich Mityukov ◽

Nikolay Ivanovich Vorobyev ◽

Ivan Viktorovich Kamputin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Biomass ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Leaf Biomass ◽

Full Spectrum ◽

Chlorophyll Accumulation ◽

Pigment Complex ◽

Microbial System ◽

Static Effect

The article deals with the influence of the biological product Agrophil (strains of Agrobacterium radiobacter) and ultrafine humate-sapropel suspension (UDGSS) obtained by alkaline extraction and ultrasonic cavitation of sapropel extract on the formation of economically valuable properties (length and biomass of leaves, pigment complex) of green onion leaves (Allium cepa L.) variety StuttgarterRiesen grown under intensive photoculture under conditions of hydroponic culture on a magnetized nutrient medium. The experiment was carried out in a multi-tiered hydroponic setup with full spectrum LED lamps. Magnetic processing was carried out in two different ways: by the method of electromagnetic influence with a variable frequency-modulated potential and a device with predominantly magnetic induction. The use of physical and biological factors, both individually and collectively, when forcing onion sets of the StuttgarterRiesen variety on a feather, contributed to an increase in plant biomass and the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus. The combined effect of polyhumates with a biopreparation and magnetic treatment had a static effect on the increase in leaf length. The maximum yield of leaf biomass was recorded for the TEMP + Polygumate variant. The highest levels of chlorophyll accumulation were recorded in the variant with the combined use of Agrophil and Polygumates. As a result of the combined influence of both biostimulants and the factor of magnetic irradiation, the plant-microbial system continued to develop freely, without damage in the morpho-physiological reactions of the plant culture, but the plants turned out to be shorter

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Hepatotoxic manifestations of arsenic trioxide loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles in wistar rat

10.21203/rs.3.rs-533921/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yeshvandra Verma ◽

Kavita Rana ◽

Varsha Rani ◽

S VS Rana

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Arsenic Trioxide ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Point Of View ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Prime Concern ◽

Different Types ◽

Serum Transaminases ◽

Mitochondrial Lipid

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Effects of Fertilization Ratios and Frequencies on the Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Magnolia wufengensis (Magnoliaceae)

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10010065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Shixin Deng ◽

Kankan Shi ◽

Jiang Ma ◽

Lili Zhang ◽

Luyi Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Orthogonal Design ◽

Growth Index ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Leaf Biomass ◽

Transport Efficiency ◽

Magnolia Wufengensis

Through this study, the most suitable fertilization ratio, amount and frequency were determined, providing a scientific reference for further fertilization management for Magnolia wufengensis (Magnoliaceae) seedlings. Fertilization is an important cultivation and management measure to maintain forest seedling health and rapid growth. However, improper fertilization can also have unexpected effects: inhibiting seedling growth, increasing the cost of production and contaminating the environment. Thus, to explore the most suitable fertilization treatment for Magnolia wufengensis growth, one-year-old Magnolia wufengensis seedlings and the orthogonal design method were used in this study. Three different fertilization frequencies were used combined with 9 NPK ratios. The growth index, chlorophyll content, nutrient content in tissues, nutrient transport efficiency, nutrient uptake, and soil properties were analyzed. Fertilization can increase chlorophyll content, promoting the vegetative growth and biomass accumulation of Magnolia wufengensis. Fertilization reduced the proportion of root biomass to whole plant biomass, resulting in an increase in stem biomass with little effect on leaf biomass. Additionally, fertilization also increased the proportion of N in roots, P in stems and K in leaves. Under fertilization, the K transport efficiency was higher than that of N and P. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the nutrient use efficiencies of N and K. Overall, the effects of six fertilizer applications were much better than those of four and eight fertilizer applications on the promotion of vegetative growth, biomass and nutrient accumulation, nutrient uptake and transport efficiency. The results showed that six fertilizer applications with an NPK ratio of 3:2:1 as follows: N application at 480 mg/plant, P application at 320 mg/plant, and K application at 160 mg/plant was the most suitable fertilization method for plant growth.

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Analysis of the Thermal Insulation and Fire-Resistance Capacity of Particleboards Made from Vine (Vitis vinifera L.) Prunings

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12051147 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1147

Author(s):

Manuel Ferrandez-Villena ◽

Clara Eugenia Ferrandez-Garcia ◽

Teresa Garcia-Ortuño ◽

Antonio Ferrandez-Garcia ◽

Maria Teresa Ferrandez-Garcia

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Fire Resistance ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Insulating Material ◽

Thermal Insulating ◽

Dry Conditions

In Europe, vine (Vitis vinifera L.) prunings are one of the most abundant types of agricultural waste. It is, therefore, essential to organize the removal of vine waste from the fields in order to prevent the spread of fires, pests, or diseases. Using plant biomass in buildings will help achieve greater energy efficiency and cause less environmental pollution. The objectives of this work were to minimize burning of agricultural waste, reduce the use of natural wood, and obtain a product by using vine pruning waste to manufacture particleboards, assessing their use as an insulating material and their fire-resistance qualities. Eight types of boards were manufactured with vine prunings (two particle sizes, two times, and two pressures), using 9% by weight of urea-formaldehyde as a bonding resin. Experimental tests were conducted to determine the physical, mechanical, thermal, and fire-resistance properties. In general, the panels manufactured performed well as a thermal insulating material with a conductivity between 0.0642 and 0.0676 W/m·K and a classification of Bd0 according to the European standards on fire resistance; some of them may be used to manufacture furniture, interior décor, and load-bearing panels in dry conditions.

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