scholarly journals Arthropod fauna associated with organic and conventional maize crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Mariana Araújo Ortega ◽  
Tássia Tuane Moreira Dos Santos ◽  
Paulo Marçal Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

The corn crop has a marked sensitivity to biotic and abiotic stresses. As a control method, basically, transgenic plants have been used in association with chemical control. However, frequent applications of insecticides affect the conservation of biodiversity, and consequently, the natural regulation of insect populations. Thus, the objective of the work was to compare the diversity of arthropodofauna associated with the cultivation of corn in organic and conventional systems. The experiments were carried out at Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, in Hidrolândia/GO, in two areas: one in a consolidated organic system and the other in a conventional system. The organic area (1 ha) was sown with the Creole variety Palha Roxa and no type of cultural treatment was carried out. The conventional area (10 ha) was sown with a transgenic hybrid resistant to the herbicide glyphosate 30F53VYHR and two chemical fertilizers were applied, for planting and cover, two applications of herbicides and an application of insecticide. To survey the arthropodofauna, in each area, two collections were made with six pitfall soil traps. The first collection was carried out in the vegetative stage and the second in the reproductive stage, approximately at 35 and 80 days after planting, respectively. The traps were kept in the field for a week. In addition, a collection with entomological net was carried out in 10 plants chosen at random. The collected insects were stored in plastic pots containing 70% alcohol and taken to the laboratory for quantification and identification. The data referring to the total of insects collected were submitted to the T test at 5% probability. In the two collected with pitfall traps, the largest number of arthropods was collected in the area of ​​organic cultivation, with greater diversity of orders and families in this area. In the collection performed with entomological network, there was no difference between the places of cultivation. Organic crops provide better conditions for establishment and development for insects, especially those that spend some life in the soil. Therefore, the diversity of arthropods is greater in this cultivation system.

scholarly journals Zucchini squash production in conventional and organic cultivation systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Toscano ◽  
F. Branca ◽  
Antonio Ferrante ◽  
D. Romano
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Two Systems

Organic production must be carried out following the EU regulations and their protocols. On the contrary, conventional cultivation instead can be carried out using the best agronomic approaches available and using the latest innovative resources. Organic cultivation is more widespread in permanent crops (olive and grape crops) than vegetable ones, and even less in protected cultivation systems, due to the high intensity production processes which render the application of organic growing protocols more complex. The comparison between the two systems of cultivation, organic and conventional, is difficult because the two cultivation methods are often carried out in different farms and hence in different environmental conditions. Cultivation using the two methods was conducted in a greenhouse from November to March 2017/2018. Results demonstrated that the total fruit yield zucchini squash in organic cultivation was not significantly different to the conventional one (43.2 Mg ha-1 and 46.4 Mg ha-1, respectively). The agronomic inputs (fertilizers, fungicides, and insecticides) were higher in the organic cultivation system than conventional one. The water use efficiency was higher in the conventional cultivation system (150.6 kg m-3 ha-1) compared to the organic one (147.6 kg m-3 ha-1). No statistically significant differences were found for the fruit number per plant and for the marketable fruit at the end of the growing period. Significant differences for the harvest period were only detected for fresh weight, shape index, firmness, and titratable acidity. In conclusion, this work demonstrated that the organic system required higher inputs compared to the conventional cultivation. The extensive experience of the grower allowed for comparable yields between the two systems.

scholarly journals Biological activity and functional diversity in soil in different cultivation systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 4189-4204
Author(s):  
S. Jezierska-Tys ◽  
S. Wesołowska ◽  
A. Gałązka ◽  
J. Joniec ◽  
J. Bednarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of the work was to evaluate the impact of use of conventional and organic cultivation systems on selected parameters of microbial activity in the soil under wheat, barley and oat cultivation. Microbiological, biochemical, enzymatic and metabolic activities were analyzed during three seasons over 3 years in soil. The more beneficial effect of organic cultivation was reflected in the increase in bacterial growth, the intensification of the nitrification and higher activity of all analyzed enzymes. The conventional system was more favorable for the development of fungi. The assessment of the metabolic profile of soil microorganisms demonstrated clear differences between the activity of microorganisms in the organic and conventional systems. The results indicate that cultivation of soil in the organic system is more conducive to the environment. The authors conducted research, because there is no unambiguous answer to the question which growing system is more beneficial for soil biological life, i.e., the basis for food production. Microorganisms that are the object of these studies form the basis for the fertility of all soil ecosystems. Graphic abstract

Organic Farming System for Producing Healthy Rice Oleh

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 20213-20217
Author(s):  
Dr. Ir. Ni.Gst.Ag.Gde Eka Martiningsih ◽  
Dr.Ir. I Putu Sujana, MS
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Organic Farming System

Introduction of organic rice-based rice cultivation technology package through demplot is done in Subak Sungi 1 using ciherang variety. The number of farmers participating in demonstration plots in organic cultivation of paddy-based rice cultivation were 5 people, with age of farmers aged greater than 55 years occupying the highest percentage (45.45%), with elementary education level (72.75%), followed by high school education (18.25%), and junior high (9%). The average farmland area is 34.63 acres, with self-owned status (55,94%), status as penyakap 41,18% and rent status 2,88%. The farmers' response to the organic rice-based rice planting assessment is quite high, as evidenced by the evaluation that 100% of farmers participating in demonstration plots know and understand about organic rice system cultivation, and they agree to develop this cultivation system in the future. Demplot research results can increase the yield components and weight of dry grain harvest per hectare. Organic rice-based rice cultivation technology EVAGRO able to increase production of dry grain harvest significantly with a value of 6.8 tons / ha. There is a tendency of dry weight value of ciherang varieties of 6.8 tons / ha giving highest but not significantly different with PGPR organic based technology.

scholarly journals Postharvest quality of strawberry fruits produced in organic and conventional systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia KP Camargo ◽  
Juliano Tadeu V de Resende ◽  
Tânia T Tominaga ◽  
Sonia Maria Kurchaidt ◽  
Cristhiano K Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Camino Real ◽  
Sensorial Attributes ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Conventional Systems

The aim of this study was to determine some physicochemical characteristics of fruits of eight strawberry cultivars (Aromas, Camino Real, Campinas, Dover, Oso Grande, Toyonoka, Tudla-Milsei and Ventana) cultivated in organic and conventional systems. The evaluated characteristics were soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/AT ratio and anthocyanins. Evaluated sensory characteristics were flavor and appearance. The cultivars had a differential performance between themselves and among the systems for the evaluated characteristics. Generally, the conventional system produced fruit with higher levels of soluble solids and, organic system produced higher concentrations of anthocyanins. The fruits of the cultivar Toyonoka had the best soluble solids content in both systems and the anthocyanins content of 'Tudla-Milsei' and 'Camino Real' were proeminent in comparison to the other cultivars. The fruits from the organic system of production were preferred by judges on the sensorial attributes. The highest notes were given to the appearance of the cultivar Ventana in the conventional system and 'Tudla-Milsei' in the organic system.

scholarly journals Effective Weed Control in Maize

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana BOGDAN ◽  
Teodor RUSU ◽  
Ştefania GADEA ◽  
Ilarie IVAN ◽  
Paula MORARU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Optimal Network ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Weeds Control

The paper present the results of 26 variants of weed control in maize (grouped in 6 distinctly strategies) which were tested in 2010 agricultural year in a one factorial stationary experiment. Three of the strategies were based on post emergence weed control methods, two of them – on pre-emergent weed control method and one of them – based on both methods. The main goal was establishing an optimal network weeds control in maize crop. Maize weed in Luduş area increased, due to weed seeds reserve in the arable stratum and weather conditions, which allow weeds to grow alternatively, and because of the development of problem-causing species during the maize vegetation period, when no tilling is performed.

scholarly journals Parasitological analysis of green leaf lettuce cultivated in different production systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 801
Author(s):  
Juliana Santiago Santos ◽  
Cristina Atsumi Kuba ◽  
Francislaine Anelize Garcia Santos ◽  
Aline Da Silveira Batista ◽  
Stênio Clemente Paião Sitolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
Leaf Lettuce

This study analysed parasite contamination in green leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa), grown in different cultivation systems (conventional, organic, and hydroponic), from a family farmer cooperative in the municipality of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil. Samples were collected at weekly intervals during five months, totalling 180 vegetable samples (60 samples of leaf lettuce from each cultivation system). Lettuce leaves were washed with 0.5% Extran MA 02, and the resulting fluid subjected to sedimentation and centrifugal flotation for recovery of parasite structures. Overall, 71 samples (39.4%) were contaminated with at least one parasite structure, 34 (47.9%) from lettuce grown in the hydroponic system, 20 (28.2%) from the organic system, and 17 (23.9%) from the conventional system. Entamoeba spp. cysts were the most common parasite structures found in the leafy vegetables, with the highest cyst counts found in the hydroponic system (p = 0.003). It is concluded that, regardless of the cultivation system (conventional, organic, or hydroponic), there is a possibility of green leaf lettuce contamination by intestinal parasites. Measures that improve sanitary conditions during production, as well as proper hygiene during the preparation of raw leafy vegetables, may be important to reduce contamination and consequent transmission of parasite diseases from raw leafy vegetable consumption.

scholarly journals Nutritional and sensory value of conventionally vs organically grown Chinese radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. longipinnatus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
M. Jurica ◽  
K. Petříková
Keyword(s):  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Sensorial Evaluation ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Organically Grown

The nutritional and sensory value of Chinese radish, cv. Jarola F1, grown in organic and conventional systems was evaluated. The experiments were based on certified organic land and conventional land of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague at the experimental station of Troja. Radish was grown in two spacings. Radish from the organic cultivation system exhibited a significantly lower dry matter content compared to the conventional production, 62.4 g/kg <br /> and 68.9 g/kg, respectively. This can be explained by growing under unwoven textile. Furthermore, radish cultivated organically had a significantly lower content of monosaccharides (17.2 mg/kg, while the conventional production contained 26.1 mg/kg) and significantly higher contents of nitrates. The content of vitamin C in organic production tended to be higher (212 mg/kg, in conventional production 169 mg/kg). The crude fibre content or the content of minerals was not significantly affected by the growing system. Growing spacing did not affect the nutritional value. Organically produced radish had better sensorial evaluation. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Benthic macroinvertebrates and degradation of phytomass as indicators of ecosystem functions in flooded rice cropping

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Terezinha Winckler ◽  
Angélica Konradt Güths ◽  
Pâmela Rodrigues Gayer
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Natural Wetland ◽  
Wetland Area ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Rice Area ◽  
Conventional Systems

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the ecosystem functions of a natural wetland and of artificially flooded rice areas, managed under organic and conventional systems, by phytomass degradation and by the colonization of this material by benthic macroinvertebrates. The experiment was carried out in a natural wetland area, and in two flooded rice areas managed under organic and conventional systems. Twenty-five decomposition bags filled with 10 g of dry vegetation were installed in each site. At 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70 days after the beginning of the experiment, five bags from each site were collected. Macroinvertebrates were identified and classified by functional trophic group. The number of species of benthic macroinvertebrates increased: natural wetland > organic system > conventional system. The Chironomidae group was present in all areas, confirming its food plasticity and adaptability to different substrates and environmental stress situations. The Amphipoda group was present only in the artificially flooded rice area, and the Acari, only in the natural wetland. The diversity of species in the natural wetland area was higher than in the artificially flooded rice area. Nutrient cycling, provided by phytomass decomposition, is affected by the management system, and the delay in this process causes a reduction of the ecosystem functions in the conventional system.

scholarly journals Organic cultivation of yellow passion fruit using tall seedlings with long root systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilciléia Mendes Silva ◽  
Sebastião Elviro Araújo Neto ◽  
Luís Gustavo De Souza Souza ◽  
Thays Lemos Uchôa ◽  
Regina Lúcia Félix Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

Studies related to adaptation to the environment and different conditions of water availability contribute to decision-making regarding the management of any crop to be implanted. Accordingly, this work aimed to evaluate the yield and quality of organic yellow passion fruit cultivated in a long root system in dryland conditions. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replications with four plants each. The treatments consisted of the alteration of the length of the root system, namely: T1 = 25 cm; T2 = 50 cm; T3 = 75 cm; T4 = 100 cm; and T5 = 125 cm. At 120 days after emergence (DAE), the seedlings were transplanted to the field and the following variables were evaluated: plant height (cm) and base diameter (mm) at 120 DAE; total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), Ratio (TSS/TTA); and fruit yield. The cultivation of tall seedlings with a long root system provides the maintenance of production during the dry season. The TTA, TSS, and the ratio do not change when modifying the length of the root system, although they do change with the harvest season. The cultivation of passion fruit in an organic system using plants with a long root system with an estimated length of 114 cm provides a higher fruit yield (7,472 kg ha-1) in 22 months of cultivation.

scholarly journals Soil Fertility Properties and Rice Biomass Production Under Three Rice Farming Systems at Vertisols Sambung Macan Sub District, Sragen Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
. Sukristiyonubowo ◽  
Damasus Riyanto ◽  
Sugeng Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Rice Residues

The farmers realize that green revolution technology with high inputs is no longer sustainable. They want to move to other rice farming systems. The aim of research was to study soil chemical-physical characteristics and rice productions under  three  rice farming systems. This study was conducted in Vertisols at Sambung Macan Sub District, Sragen Regency, arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications and as the treatments was an organic, semi organic and conventional rice systems. One kilo gram composites soil  samples of 0-20 cm in depth were collected from five random sampling points of every site and taken in March 2017, before soil preparation. Rice biomass productions namely rice grains, rice straw and rice residues were harvested in the end of June 2017. The results indicated that in organic field, the soil chemical-physical fertility was superior to that of in semi organic and conventional and semi organic system was better than conventional in terms of soil pH, organic C and total N, P and K total, soil bulk density, particle density, soil porosity and permeability. Similar finding was observed for rice biomass productions. The rice grains yields were 7.53 ± 0.85, 6.60 ± 0.15 and 5.77 ± 0.71, rice straw were 7.97 ± 0.47, 7.63 ± 0.21 and 6.93 ± 0.25 and forrice residues were 4.20 ± 0.10, 3.30 ± 0.20 and 3.25 ± 0.35 Mgs ha-1 season-1 in organic, semi organic and conventional systems, respectively.Compared to the conventional system, the organic increased about 31 %, 15% and 29 % for rice grains, rice straw and rice residues, respectively. Comparing semi organic to conventional, the improvement was 14 %, 10 % and 2 % for rice grains, rice straw and rice residues, respectively. This short term research concluded that organic rice farming was superior to both semi organic and conventional systems, but the long term effect of organic need to be further evaluated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document