scholarly journals The Nature, Prospect and Challenges of e-commerce:

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Farhana Zaman ◽  
Sadia Tasnim
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Minimum Capital ◽  
Online Shoppers ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Online Business

Recent studies have suggested that e-commerce has opened up a window of opportunities for the national economy of Bangladesh with minimum capital investment by digitalizing the information. Thereby, it is important to unravel the ontology of e-commerce for deepening the understanding of this digital revolution. To serve this purpose the study has conducted a small-scale survey on 29 females and 21 males, ranging in age from 16 to more than 55, who are all online shoppers both in the form of buyers and sellers. To supplement data to the survey, 10 in-depth interviews, five sellers and five buyers, are also taken. The study finds that e-commerce is gradually getting popular among the growing young generation of 24-34 age groups. Almost 100% of female shoppers prefer clothing, personal products to buy while male shoppers prefer electronic goods more. E-commerce creates a substitute marketing channel by terminating the manipulative role of middleman. Moreover, it serves as an empowering tool for women entrepreneurs. On the contrary, a few shoppers perceive e-commerce negatively for de-socializing people and creating false needs among young generation. In addition, a lot of virtual risks are explored associated with online business. Despite having these risks, e-commerce has made people’s life easier and thereby people should welcome the positive sides to underwrite the gradual development of e-commerce for keeping pace with this fast-moving world.

scholarly journals GREEN BANKING IN INDIA: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Bibhu Prasad Sahoo ◽  
Amandeep Singh ◽  
Neeraj Jain
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Green banking is different from traditional banking, as green banking focus on promoting environment friendly banking. Green banking is also known as ethical banking. This paper attempts to analyze the adoption of green banking products among customers with different age groups. ANOVA and post hoc tests are applied for analyzing the objectives. This paper finding explains that there is significant difference in the usage of green banking products across various age groups individuals, as young generation is more inclined towards green banking products than middle age and senior age groups. Therefore, more awareness is need to be created among the middle and senior age groups individuals.

scholarly journals English Self-Assessment Based on Pluralism in Preventing Radicalism

JURNAL IQRA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
Santi Andriyani ◽  
Hayu Diah Yulistianti ◽  
Nusrotus Saidah
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Religious Understanding

The practice of radicalism in Indonesia has increased among all age groups, including young generation. They were mostly affected by radicalism and extremism. The aim of this study was to find out the implementation of English Self-Assessment Based on Pluralism in Preventing Youth Radicalism. This study used a descriptive analysis method. The instrument of this study was the students’ self-assessment worksheet focused on pluralism materials. The result showed that the implementation of English self-assessment through the values ​​of pluralism can improve the students’ understanding by using the technique of reading comprehension. And the religious understanding of the students was good criteria Keywords: English Self-Assessment, Preventing Radicalism, Self-Assessment

scholarly journals English Self-Assessment Based on Pluralism in Preventing Radicalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Santi Andriyani
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Religious Understanding ◽  
Assessment Rubric

The practice of radicalism in Indonesia has increased among all age groups included adolescents. The study found that adolescents or the young generation are mostly affected by radicalism and extremism. The aim of this study is to find out the implementation of English Self-Assessment Based on Pluralism in Preventing Youth Radicalism. This study uses a descriptive analysis method. The instrument of this study is students’ self-assessment worksheet focused on pluralism materials. Based on the analysis conducted, it can be concluded that by implementing English Self-Assessment rubric, the religious understanding of the students is good criteria.

scholarly journals The role of psychological contract on employee commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour: A study of Indonesian young entrepreneurs in management action

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade I. Anggraeni ◽  
Christantius Dwiatmadja ◽  
Ahyar Yuniawan
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Organisational Commitment ◽  
Young Entrepreneurs

Orientation: This study aims to analyse the entrepreneurship-driven reasons and characteristics of employee management of the young generation, by analysing the role of psychological contract on employee commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour in the light of the characteristics of the millennial generation as the owners of small and medium-sized enterprises.Research purpose: The main objective of this study was to empirically analyse the effect of the psychological contract and organisational support on the organisational commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour of the employees of small-scale enterprises run by young entrepreneurs, especially in the cohort generation.Motivation for the study: This study attempts to analyse the characteristics of the millennial generation as the owners of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in running the business by examining their managerial characteristics in managing workplace relationship that aims to achieve the stakeholder expectations and improve both commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour of employees.Research design, approach and method: Data were collected in the SMEs owned by young entrepreneurs in a city in Indonesia involving 150 respondents. The research model was tested using Structural Equation Modelling with analysis of moment structure (AMOS).Main findings: The results showed that the employee citizenship behaviour is influenced by the organisational commitment. The commitment of employees was formed by the ability of business owners to understand the needs and expectations of employees regarding opportunities of self-development, pleasant working environment, the benefit as the workload and the work challenge.Practical and managerial implications: This study implies the need for academic institutions and policy makers to get involved in addressing the rising phenomenon of entrepreneurship among the young generation.Contribution and added-value: This study mainly considered the characteristics of young entrepreneurs as the main factor in explaining the success of employee management relationship of SMEs.

scholarly journals Detection of avian reovirus antibodies in layer birds of small scale commercial farms in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdus Salam ◽  
Md Atiqul Haque ◽  
Md Mostafizer Rahman ◽  
Mir Rowshan Akter ◽  
Farzana Afroz
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Avian Reovirus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Test Kit

The present study was conducted on layer birds of different age groups to determine specific antibody titer level against avian reovirus (ARV) by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) at Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. This study showed that ARV specific antibody positive cases were 84 out of 90 blood serum samples and the highest antibody titer was 26120 and lowest antibody titer was 288. The total 93.33% sera samples were showed positive result. The study showed that 100% sera sample were positive against ARV at 6 weeks of aged group and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 13917, 4895 and 10269 respectively. On the other hand 88.88% sera sample were positive against ARV at 10 weeks of aged group and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 9779, 288 and 5689.89 respectively. The sera sample collected from 14 weeks of aged group showed 88.88% positive and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 11727, 871 and 5250 respectively. The sera sample collected from 18 weeks of aged group showed 88.88% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 24440, 1234 and 12648.89 respectively. The sera sample collected from 22 weeks of aged group were 100% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 26120, 1752 and 11373.89 respectively. The sera sample collected from 26 weeks of aged group showed 100% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 8566, 1630 and 4327.44 respectively. The sera sample collected from 30 weeks of aged group showed 100% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 13431, 1989 and 5890.56 respectively. The sera sample collected from 40 weeks of aged group showed 77.77% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 14618, 433 and 5103.22 respectively. The sera sample collected from 48 weeks of aged group showed 88.88% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 14553, 957 and 7436.5 respectively. In conclusion it is evident that avian reovirus-specific antibody was successfully detected through commercially available avian reovirus antibody test kit (ELISA kit) and the virus induced a significant antibody titer indicating the affecting virus was absolutely ARV.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 612-621

Het Begrip Van Teksten Met 10% tot 25% Onbekende Woorden

1991 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J.A. Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference

This article describes two small scale studies aimed at defining the number of words necessary for comprehension.of written texts in the native language (Dutch) and in two foreign languages (English and French) In the literature one finds coverage percentages varying from 75% for global comprehension to 98% for almost complete comprehension. The subjects in these studies were students from different age groups and different learning backgrounds (HAVO-4, VWO-5 and university). It is concluded that it is not so much the knowledge of the language as the age and the greater knowledge of the world that account for the difference in scores.

Applying CHP to the Ventilation Air of Buildings

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Cowie ◽  
Xiaohong Liao ◽  
Reinhard Radermacher
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Chp System

There is a strong industry focus on packaged CHP systems for small scale applications where the design time for unique installations cannot be justified. Distributed generators such as microturbines, reciprocating engines and fuel cells can all now be purchased as CHP products. The development of these products will bring the energy, environmental and economic savings realized in larger applications to the smaller consumers. CHP systems traditionally operate most effectively and give the shortest payback when operated continuously at full output in a baseloading application. This is in conflict with a typical commercial building whose energy requirements vary extensively over daily, weekly and seasonal time periods. Just as CHP is not expected to supply the entire energy requirements of the industrial sector, so CHP should be looked at as merely part of the energy mix for the commercial sector as the capital cost of CHP equipment is typically higher compared to its alternatives and there are technical complications to supply a heating or cooling to power ratio away from design values. An economic CHP system must therefore have a capacity much lower than the peak load of the building to ensure high utilization of the system so that the larger capital investment can be recovered through energy cost savings as quickly as possible. In the absence of a year round continuous demand for either hot or chilled water a commercial CHP system must offer a diverse range of outputs so that the waste heat from the generator can be utilized as mush as possible particularly since the generator component is likely to dominate the capital cost of the installation. This paper proposes that the outdoor, or ventilation air stream into a building provides an excellent capacity match for CHP equipment packaged as a CHP Dedicated Outdoor Air System (CHPDOAS). Ventilation air has the largest temperature and humidity difference with indoor air of any stream of air in the building and so reduces the heat and mass transfer surface areas in the equipment. Also since the ventilation air is only a fraction of the total air flow rate that is being conditioned the CHP system can overcool the air in the summer or overheat the air in the winter and the effect is simply the reduce the cooling or heating workload of the conventional equipment since the ventilation air is then mixed with the bulk of the air remaining in the building before being conditioned. This means that the CHP system can run its generator for longer hours and at higher loads than would have been possible if the outlet conditions were set at space neutral or space supply conditions.

scholarly journals Low-Investment Fully Mechanized Harvesting of Short-Rotation Poplar (populus spp.) Plantations

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Spinelli ◽  
Natascia Magagnotti ◽  
Carolina Lombardini
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Farm Tractor ◽  
Poplar Plantations ◽  
Populus Spp ◽  
Whole Tree

European short-rotation poplar plantations are harvested at 5–8 year rotations and produce relatively small stems (0.05–0.10 m3), which represent a major challenge when designing a cost-effective harvesting chain. Until now, the challenge has been met through whole-tree chipping, which allows mass-handling all through the harvesting chain. However, the production of higher value logs for the panel industry requires devising different solutions. This study presents a fully mechanized low-investment system using an excavator-based feller-buncher shear, a grapple skidder obtained from the conversion of a common farm tractor and an excavator-mounted grapple saw adapted to work as a makeshift slasher. The system was tested in Northwestern Italy, achieving high productivity (between 14 and 20 t fresh weight per scheduled machine hour) and low harvesting cost (between 9 and 14 € t−1 fresh weight). However, crosscutting quality needs further improvement, because almost 50% of the logs did not meet factory specifications. Solutions to solve this issue are proposed. The tested system is suitable for local small-scale operators because it can be acquired with a reasonable capital investment (400,000 €) and it is versatile enough for use in a number of alternative jobs, when the coppice harvesting season is over.

Development of cardiovascular responses to noradrenaline, adrenaline, normetanepnrine, and metanephrine in the unanesthetized fetus

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Harris ◽  
G. R. Van Petten
Keyword(s):  
Pressor Response ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Newborn Lamb ◽  
A Value ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Alpha Receptors ◽  
Ovine Fetus ◽  
Near Term

The cardiovascular responses to the catecholamines noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) and their metabolites normetanephrine (NM) and metanephrine (M) were determined in the chronically prepared ovine fetus (112–145 days), newborn lamb (6–12 or 96 h), and adult sheep to assess the development of responsiveness to these biogenic amines. With NA, NM, and M there was a gradual significant increase in the pressor response with advancing gestation and a larger increase between late term and the newborn period where the response was still only about one-half of the adult. With A, there was only a significant increase in pressor response after birth to a level about one-half the adult response. In all age groups the pressor response to these amines was accompanied by bradycardia which was especially marked with A; pretreatment with atropine blocked the reflex bradycardia and resulted in an increase in the magnitude of the pressor response. The duration of the NA pressor response decreased only slightly in the near-term fetus but decreased markedly in the newborn lamb to a value similar to the adult. There were no differences in any age groups in the ratios of the responses to NA and A and their respective metabolites. These data indicate gradual development of the responsiveness of the ovine cardiovascular system to endogenous pressor amines over the last third of gestation with a further increase immediately after birth to a level still below the adult, early development of alpha receptors capable of discriminating neurohormones from metabolites and rapid development at or near term of mechanisms involved in terminating the action of NA.

TSH-regulation and goitrogenesis in severe iodine deficiency

1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bachtarzi ◽  
M. Benmiloud
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Endemic Goitre ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Tsh Regulation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Goitre Prevalence ◽  
Group B

Abstract. Since goitre prevalence increases sharply during the first two decades of life, age-related changes in the adaptation of the thyroid to iodine deficiency may occur. In order to study this, we have measured serum levels of TSH, T4 and T3 in 247 subjects (age range 5 to 60 years) living in an endemic goitre area of North Algeria (group A) and in 64 control subjects living in the non-iodine deficient city of Algiers (group B). TRH tests were also performed in 88 subjects from the goitrous area and in 30 controls. Patients from group A had significantly higher serum TSH and T3 and lower serum T4 than those from group B. Analysis of group A by age groups revealed significantly higher TSH concentrations in the 2–9 years group and a moderate but significant decrease in the group from 50–59 years. No significant changes were demonstrated for T4 and T3. In the goitrous area, the response of TSH to TRH was exaggerated and prolonged. ΔTSH20 was inversely correlated with age. The different age groups showed a significantly progressive and continuous decrease of ΔTSH20, ΔTSH60, ΔTSH120 from age 10–19 to age 50–59 years. Our findings thus show a sharp increase of TSH during the first decades of life, which coincides with the phase of maximal growth of the thyroid gland. These results suggest that TSH plays a definite role in the genesis of endemic goitre. The subsequent progressive decrease of TSH secretion and reserve, with unchanged T4 and T3, imply a gradual development of autonomous activity in longstanding multinodular goitre.

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