scholarly journals Policy Implication of the Rate of Return Criterion in Higher Educational Investment Planning

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-174
Author(s):  
Mir Obaidur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
Investment Planning ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
The Face

Financing educational programmes in Less Developed Countries (LDCs) is at the cross-roads. The clamour for socialization of higher education in the face of large number of uncmployeci university graduates vis-a-vis dearth of adequate manpower to feed the development aciivities deserves consideration in a clearer perspectivc. The relatively high incidence of unemployment points out thc econotnic waste involved in using scarce resource. Moreover, for each occupation there is an optimum amount of formal schooling. Thus in some cases, labour productivity declines as schooling increases.

scholarly journals Analysis of the effectiveness of healthcare M&A transactions in developed countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
Varvara Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Payment Method ◽  
Corporate World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Thesis Statement ◽  
Additional Value

The healthcare industry is a large and fast-growing segment of the corporate world, especially in developed countries. In the face of growing competition, healthcare companies inevitably resort to mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in order to accelerate their development. The objective of this study is to identify the creation of additional value for M&A deal participants in the healthcare industry in the United States and the European Union in 2008-2017. In this paper, we propose the following thesis statement: can healthcare companies expect excess returns from M&A deals? On average, M&A deals in the healthcare industry in developed countries create positive abnormal returns for acquiring companies and are efficient; a positive, significant impact on abnormal returns was found in the deal value of M&A deals, a negative significant impact was observed for deals conducted with the shares payment method and for acquiring companies with a larger number of employees.

scholarly journals Strategi Filosofis Masyarakat Jepang Dalam Mengatasi Dilema Budaya Kerja Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

KIRYOKU ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Iriyanto Widisuseno
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Society ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The People ◽  
The Face ◽  
Normative Rule

For the Japanese people, the remote work policy which aims to break the chain of the spread of the Corona-19 Virus is a cultural dilemma, because it clashes with the work culture of the people who have a strong work ethic. But in fact, Japan's economic recession rate is not as bad as other developed countries, such as America, China, and Korea. The death rate from Covid-19 is very low. Currently, Japan has started to return to the normal national economy. The mystery behind it all in Japan is the factor of superior immunity or cultural superiority. The assumption is, if because of the cultural superiority factor, what are the basic values that underlie the formation of behavior and culture of Japanese society. This philosophical qualitative study aims to examine philosophical strategies: what are the basic values that underlie the way Japanese people think and behave in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, how to properly solve problems (epistemology), and what normative rules are used to give direction to achieve goals (axiology). Through philosophical descriptive methods, this research can reveal the philosophical values (ontological, epistemological, axiological) behind social phenomena in Japanese society. The results of the study show that Japanese people hold firmly to the value of discipline as an ontological footing, the samurai is used as a way to solve problems, the value of harmony as a normative rule that gives direction to the achievement of goals. The benefits of this research provide enlightenment for the community about understanding the basic problems in society that are often neglected, while many people only focus on the surface of the problem that causes failure to understand.

scholarly journals Latin America: Reduced S&T Investment Puts Sustainable Development at Risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Bolaños-Villegas ◽  
Pablo Bolaños-Villegas ◽  
Pablo Bolaños-Villegas ◽  
Pablo Bolaños-Villegas ◽  
Pablo Bolaños-Villegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The Face ◽  
Social Turmoil

Latin America is home to more than 600 million people and has considerable natural and human resources. However, investment in science and technology (S&T) lags far behind that in developed countries. This gap represents a barrier to the development of economies based on knowledge and hampers the region's ability to tackle environmental and social problems. This lack of investment is evident in the extreme case of Venezuela, where much of the science workforce has fled economic chaos, but also in every Latin American country, including science powers such as Brazil and Argentina, where federal budgets in science, technology and education have been drastically reduced in recent years. Investments in S&T foster cooperation, commerce and good will and enhance resilience in the face of environmental and social turmoil. Therefore, scientists must start to actively engage governments and encourage long-term spending in S&T to support the development of Latin American societies.

scholarly journals Trends in agriculture and food production

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
János Lazányi
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Agricultural Reform ◽  
Agricultural Output

Agricultural reform resulted a shift from collective farming to small-scale production in China. This reform also has resulted a strong increase in gross agricultural output, which coincides with a slower increase in labour productivity. At the beginning of the reforms, agriculture accounted for 70 percent of total employment in China and still employs more than 50%. As a result of these reforms, China has undergone impressive economic growth also in the agriculture; the country has become one of the world’s top exporters and is attracting record amounts of foreign investment. The government has also stepped up investments in rural areas to meet the market demand for agricultural products. Results are very competitive compared to Central and Eastern European countries, where agriculture accounted for only 15 percent of total employment, but agricultural reform resulted a strong decline in gross agricultural output, which coincides with a similarly strong decline in employment. When approaching the issue of sustainable agriculture, we have to take into consideration, which China and India feed the largest populations in the world and both countries have had its own agricultural successes in the past 50 years. China has used land far more efficiently than many developed countries. With nine percent of the world’s arable land, China is responsible for the greatest share of agricultural production worldwide. Volume of produced pork, eggs, wheat, cotton, tobacco, and rice has increased and China exports an increasing amount of product each year. China has opened his borders, but do not expose food consumers to price shocks and producers to risks and disincentives. In this paper, the land-tenure system and the trends of agricultural developments are analysed in China and selected countries of EU.

scholarly journals Extensive Lepromatous Lymphadenitis Preceding Lesions on the Face and Earlobes: An Unusual Presentation of Leprosy in Singapore

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Shi Yao Sam Yang ◽  
Wai Mun Sean Leong ◽  
Cruz Maria Teresa Kasunuran ◽  
Jing Xiang Huang ◽  
Sue-Ann Ju Ee Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
The Face

Leprosy is also known as Hansen disease, as in some countries the diagnosis of leprosy carries a negative stigma and patients fear being shunned as outcasts. Presently, leprosy is primarily limited to specific geographical regions in resource-poor countries. As a result, there is increased difficulty for the younger generation of physicians today to correctly identify leprosy due to a lack of exposure and a low-index of suspicion, particularly in developed countries. In this case, the indurated lesions over the face demonstrated a preference for the outer lateral aspects over the maxillary areas, the nose bridge, and the pinna of the ears consistent with the organism’s preference for cooler regions of the body. This was also evident in the other skin lesions affecting the more acral regions of the limbs in the early stage of disease progression. There is a need to keep this infective condition as an alternate diagnosis to all unusual cutaneous lesions.

How does finance influence labour market outcomes? A review of empirical studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197-1232
Author(s):  
Mark Heil
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
National Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

PurposeThis paper reviews economic studies on the effects of various aspects of finance on labour market outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a systematic literature review that reviews the weight of the evidence on the relationships between specific elements of finance and labour outcomes. The review is divided into three major sections: (1) job quantity and job quality; (2) distributional effects; and (3) resilience and adaptability.FindingsFinance interacts with labour market institutions to jointly determine labour outcomes. Firm financial structures influence their labour practices – highly leveraged firms show greater employment volatility during cyclical fluctuations, and leverage strengthens firm bargaining power in labour negotiations. Bank deregulation has mixed impacts on labour depending upon the state of prior bank regulations and labour markets. Leveraged buyouts tend to dampen acquired-firm job growth as they pursue labour productivity gains. The shareholder value movement may contribute to short-termism among corporate managers, which can divert funds away from firm capital accumulation toward financial markets, and crowd out productive investment. Declining wage shares of national income in most OECD countries since 1990 may be driven in part by financial globalisation. The financial sector contributes to rising income concentration near the top of the distribution in developed countries. The availability of finance is associated with increased reallocation of labour, which may either enhance or impede productivity growth. Finally, rising interest rate environments and homeowners with mortgage balances that exceed their home's value may reduce labour mobility rates.Originality/valueThis review contributes to the understanding of the effects of finance on labour by reviewing and synthesising a large volume of literature.

scholarly journals Is a university degree still a worthwhile financial investment in Australia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Michael Craig Corliss ◽  
Anne Daly ◽  
Phil Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Skills Mismatch ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Full Time Employment

Since 2006 there have been significant changes in the labour market for university graduates, most notably the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and the subsequent downturn in gross domestic product growth, and a huge expansion in university places. This article presents estimates of the monetary returns in Australia associated with the completion of bachelor degrees in 2016 for a range of fields of study and compares them to the estimates for 2006. The results show that for the median person, there are still good monetary incentives to complete these degrees and the private rate of return compares favourably with the long-term real bond rate. However, the article also concludes that the return to an individual investing in bachelor education had mostly declined in the period 2006–2016. There is, again, considerable variation between disciplines and for some, completion of a bachelor degree does not yield positive returns. The key factors determining the monetary rate of return are the discipline of the degree and the graduates’ subsequent labour force status. Graduates in full-time employment in most disciplines avoided being among those with low (or negative) rates of return. In addition, there is some evidence of skills mismatch and over skilling among the lowest paid university graduates.

scholarly journals Are Graduates from the Arts-Related Academic Disciplines More Productive than those from the Science-Related Disciplines?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Victoria Kakooza ◽  
Robert Wamala ◽  
James Wokadala ◽  
Thomas Bwire
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
The Arts

The experiences of employees from developed countries affirm that those from science/ technology-related disciplines benefit more through more technological inventions, than those from the Arts/ Humanities-related disciplines. The study utilizes statistical data of higher education graduates to determine a causal link between graduates from the two fore mentioned academic disciplines, and labour productivity in the developing country of Uganda. The data from 1985 to 2017 were analysed using the Vector Error Correction model, and revealed that arts graduates wereas productive as the science graduates. The findings also show the existence of long-term relationship between academic discipline and labour productivity, as well as a bi-causality between the variables under study.

scholarly journals Universal Implementation of Newborn Screening in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mookken
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Successful Program ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Newborn screening is a successful program in many developed countries. In India, the benefits of dried blood spot screening have been recognized and that screening is slowly gaining traction. There are significant issues standing in the way of universal implementation of a newborn screening program in India: awareness, cost, advocacy, public policy, and politics. Three regional screening programs, Chandigarh, Goa, and Kerala could serve as models for other programs in India. The data for this commentary were based on personal experiences from managing public newborn screening programs, searches on PubMed and Google, and personal interactions with experts in the field. The overwhelming recommendation is to universally screen for congenital hypothyroidism in India, because it is easy and inexpensive to treat, with excellent outcomes. It would also be beneficial to consider screening universally for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency due to its high incidence and ease of treatment. Finally, sickle cell disease should be screened in those areas in India where it is prevalent due to the costs associated with universal screening. Achieving universal screening is a challenge, and it is very difficult to predict when every baby born in India will be screened for at least congenital hypothyroidism.

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