Drug Intolerance: Age Related Aspects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grakhova ◽  
Olga Rychkova ◽  
Anastasia Braun ◽  
Almira Sagitova ◽  
Maria Nesterova
Keyword(s):  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drug Intolerance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Dichotomous Variables ◽  
Pathological Reaction ◽  
Effect Of Age

Aim: Identification of age-specific drug intolerance. Materials and methods: The study was conducted over the period from 2017 to 2020 and included 200 outpatient medical history forms of people diagnosed as having an unspecified pathological reaction to a drug or medication. All drug reactions are reported by patients own statements and were allocated to dichotomous variables. The results were analyzed by nonparametric statistics. Results: Three groups of patients: 18-44 years (n=49); 45-60 years (n=60); 61 and over (n=91). The odds of incomprehensible reactions were 2.2 times higher in patients in group 3 than in patients in the other groups. Group 3 patients were 12 times more likely to have an itchy reaction to medications than patients in the other groups. Group 1 patients were 3 times more likely to have urticaria than patients in groups 2 and 3. The odds of drug intolerance to ACE inhibitors were 2.6 times higher in group 3 patients than in patients in other groups. When comparing clinical manifestations of drug intolerance to penicillin- and cephalosporin-type antibiotics, no significant differences were found in all patients. The presence of allergies and somatic pathology of 3 or more systems did not significantly affect the possibility of reactions of varying severity to 3 or more drugs in these groups. Conclusions: Patients age has no effect on the possibility of reactions to certain groups of drugs. The exception was ACE inhibitors, which is most likely due to the higher frequency of prescribing antihypertensive therapy in patients in this age group. The aggravation of clinical manifestations and the occurrence of polypharmacy are not associated with age and comorbid background. It should be noted that correlation between age and non-life-threatening clinical manifestations of drug intolerance was revealed, which indicates the absence of reliable effect of age on the possibility of anaphylactic shock or angioedema.

Age Effects on the Perception of Motion Illusions

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5886 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Billino ◽  
Kai Hamburger ◽  
Karl R Gegenfurtner
Keyword(s):  
Age Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Illusory Effect ◽  
Illusory Motion ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Effect Of Age

Anomalous motion illusions represent a popular class of illusions and several studies have made an effort to explain their perception. However, understanding is still inconsistent. Age-related differences in susceptibility to illusory motion may contribute to further clarification of the underlying processing mechanisms. We investigated the effect of age on the perception of four different anomalous motion illusions. The Enigma illusion, the Rotating-Snakes illusion, the Pinna illusion, and the Rotating-Tilted-Lines illusion were tested on a total of one hundred and thirty-nine participants covering an age range from 3 to 82 years. In comparison with young adults, children showed a lower likelihood of perceiving motion in all illusions with the exception of the Rotating-Tilted-Lines illusion. For adult subjects, we found significant age effects in the Rotating-Snakes illusion and the Rotating-Tilted-Lines illusion: occurrence of the illusory effect decreased with age. The other two illusions turned out to be unaffected by aging. Finally, inter-correlations between different motion illusions revealed that only the Pinna illusion and the Rotating-Tilted-Lines illusion correlated significantly with each other. The results confirm that anomalous motion illusions should not be considered as a homogeneous group. Possible links between perceptual data and neurophysiological changes related to age are discussed. Perceptual differences due to age provide the opportunity to improve our understanding of illusory motion and point to specific underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Meningococcal infection in modern conditions: clinical, microbiological and preventive aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Кsenija V. Markova ◽  
Natalia V. Skripchenko ◽  
Yuriy V. Lobzin ◽  
Vadim E. Karev ◽  
Alla A. Vilnits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Meningococcal Infection ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Atypical Manifestations ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The problem of meningococcal infection remains relevant due to the high epidemiological and social significance throughout the world, the unpredictability of the course, a wide range of clinical manifestations (from asymptomatic carriage to extremely severe generalized forms) with a high risk of life-threatening conditions and deaths, and a significant incidence of disability after past illness (loss of limbs, deafness, mental inferiority, and more). The changing serogroup landscape of meningococcal infection with an increase in the incidence of diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W, Y and others is noteworthy. The article presents an analytical review of literature and reflects current clinical, epidemiological, diagnostic and preventive trends in the Russian Federation and abroad. The review focuses on the epidemiological features of meningococcal infection, depending on the serogroup affiliation of meningococcus, the variety of clinical manifestations of the generalized form of meningococcal infection, including atypical manifestations, age-related features, depending on the serogroup of the pathogen. New diagnostic approaches and the possibilities of specific prophylaxis are highlighted. Attention is focused on the importance of monitoring the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal infection depending on the genetic characteristics of the pathogen, and the need for further in-depth studies of this problem.

scholarly journals Gasperini Syndrome: A Case Report and Systematic Review and Proposing a New Definition

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
Riwaj Bhagat ◽  
Siddharth Narayanan ◽  
Marwa Elnazeir ◽  
Thong Diep Pham ◽  
Robert Paul Friedland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Brainstem Stroke ◽  
Neurological Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
Core Features

Gasperini syndrome (GS), a rare brainstem syndrome, is featured by ipsilateral cranial nerves (CN) V–VIII dysfunction with contralateral hemibody hypoesthesia. While there have been 18 reported cases, the GS definition remains ambiguous. We report a new case and reviewed the clinical features of this syndrome from all published reports to propose a new definition. A 57-year-old man with acute brainstem stroke had right CN V–VIII and XII palsies, left body hypoesthesia and ataxia. Brain MRI showed an acute stroke in the right caudal pons and bilateral cerebellum. After a systematic review, we classified the clinical manifestations into core and associate features based on the frequencies of occurring neurological deficits. We propose that a definitive GS requires the presence of ipsilateral CN VI and VII palsies, plus one or more of the other three core features (ipsilateral CN V, VIII palsies and contralateral hemibody hemihypalgesia). Additionally, GS, similar to Wallenberg’s syndrome, represents a spectrum that can have other associated neurological features. The revised definition presented in this study may enlighten physicians with the immediate recognition of the syndrome and help improve clinical localization of the lesions and its management.

scholarly journals Scotopic thresholds on dark-adapted chromatic perimetry in healthy aging and age-related macular degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjot Kaur Grewal ◽  
Shruti Chandra ◽  
Alan Bird ◽  
Glen Jeffery ◽  
Sobha Sivaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rod Function ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of aging, intra- and intersession repeatability and regional scotopic sensitivities in healthy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes. Intra- and intersession agreement and effect of age was measured in healthy individuals. The mean sensitivity (MS) and pointwise retinal sensitivities (PWS) within the central 24° with 505 nm (cyan) and 625 nm (red) stimuli were evaluated in 50 individuals (11 healthy and 39 AMD eyes). The overall intra- and intersession had excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC > 0.90) and tests were highly correlated (Spearman rs = 0.75–0.86). Eyes with subretinal drusenoid deposit (SDD) had reduced PWS centrally, particularly at inferior and nasal retinal locations compared with controls and intermediate AMD (iAMD) without SDD. There was no difference in MS or PWS at any retinal location between iAMD without SDD and healthy individuals nor between iAMD with SDD and non-foveal atrophic AMD groups. Eyes with SDD have reduced rod function compared to iAMD without SDD and healthy eyes, but similar to eyes with non-foveal atrophy. Our results highlight rod dysfunction is not directly correlated with drusen load and SDD location.

scholarly journals The Systematic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Critical COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Double Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972110249
Author(s):  
G Adas ◽  
Z Cukurova ◽  
K Kart Yasar ◽  
R Yilmaz ◽  
N Isiksacan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this clinical trial was to control the cytokine storm by administering mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to critically-ill COVID-19 patients, to evaluate the healing effect, and to systematically investigate how the treatment works. Patients with moderate and critical COVID-19 clinical manifestations were separated as Group 1 (moderate cases, n = 10, treated conventionally), Group 2 (critical cases, n = 10, treated conventionally), and Group 3 (critical cases, n = 10, treated conventionally plus MSCs transplantation therapy of three consecutive doses on treatment days 0, 3, and 6, (as 3 × 106 cells/kg, intravenously). The treatment mechanism of action was investigated with evaluation markers of the cytokine storm, via biochemical parameters, levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, analyses of tissue regeneration via the levels of growth factors, apoptosis markers, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and granzyme-B, and by the assessment of the immunomodulatory effects via total oxidant/antioxidant status markers and the levels of lymphocyte subsets. In the assessment of the overall mortality rates of all the cases, six patients in Group-2 and three patients in Group-3 died, and there was no loss in Group-1. Proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-2, IL-12, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-13, IL-1ra, and growth factors TGF-β, VEGF, KGF, and NGF levels were found to be significant in Group-3. When Group-2 and Group-3 were compared, serum ferritin, fibrinogen and CRP levels in Group-3 had significantly decreased. CD45 +, CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, CD19 +, HLA-DR +, and CD16 + / CD56 + levels were evaluated. In the statistical comparison of the groups, significance was only determined in respect of neutrophils. The results demonstrated the positive systematic and cellular effects of MSCs application on critically ill COVID-19 patients in a versatile way. This effect plays an important role in curing and reducing mortality in critically ill patients.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Fat Composition and 2’Fucosyllactose on Neonatal Piglet Growth and Organ Lipid Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1038-1038
Author(s):  
Michael Miklus ◽  
Pedro Prieto ◽  
Cynthia Barber ◽  
Robert Rhoads ◽  
Samer El-Kadi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Group 3

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of 2’fucosyllactose (2’FL) and fat blends on growth, body composition and fatty acid profile of the liver and brain using the neonatal pig as a model for the human infant. Methods Pigs (3 d old) were randomly assigned to either: 1. control, 2. Palm Olein (PO) fat blend – Low 2'-FL, 3. PO – High 2'-FL, 4. High oleic acid (HO) – Low 2'-FL, 5. HO FB – High 2'-FL, 6. PO FB – GLA, or 7. kept with their sows. Pigs in groups 1 to 6 received 250 ml·kg−1·d−1 of formula in 5 equal meals for 15 d. On day 14 of the study, groups 1–6 received intraperitoneal E. coli LPS challenge at 100 µg·kg−1 weight. Results Body weight was greater for piglets fed by sows than those in the other groups (P < 0.001). In addition, % fat and bone mineral content were higher in the sow-fed group while lean % was less sow-fed piglets (group 7) compared with those in the other groups (P < 0.05). Only longissimus weight expressed as a % of body weight, was greater for group 7 compared with all other groups (P < 0.001). Soleus, semitendinosus, brain, heart and spleen weights as a % of body weight were similar across all groups. However, liver weight as a % of body weight was greater in groups 1–6 (3.7%) compared with group 7 (2.8%; P < 0.001). The proportion of brain 16:1 fatty acid was less (0.83%) for groups 1–6 than for group 7 pigs (1.08%; P < 0.0001). The proportion of 20:3 N6 was greatest (0.66%) for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 4 (0.55%; P < 0.05). In addition, the proportion of 20:5 N3 was greatest (0.12%) for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 7 (0.07%; P < 0.05). The proportion of liver 16:1, 18:0, and 18:1 cis-11 fatty acids were greater for group 7 (2.3, 23, 2.2%) than groups 1–6 (0.2, 20, 1.2%; P < 0.0001). Conversely, the contribution of 14:0, 18:1 cis-9, 18:3 N6 cis-6,9,12, and 22:6 N3 were greater for pigs in groups 1–6 (1.3, 0.6, and 14, 7.8%) compared with those in group 7 (0.5, 8.5, 0.2 and 3.5%; P < 0.0001). Conclusions Our data suggest that feeding 2’fucosyllactose had no effect on the body weight gain and composition in neonatal pigs. Our data also suggest that dietary fatty acids have a greater effect on liver than on brain fatty acid composition. Funding Sources Funding for the work was provided by Perrigo Nutritionals, LLC.

scholarly journals Age-Related Frailty: A Clinical Model for Geroscience?

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1140-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Takeda ◽  
D. Angioni ◽  
E. Setphan ◽  
T. Macaron ◽  
P. De Souto Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Older Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Clinical Model ◽  
Main Contributor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
History Of

AbstractIn their everyday practice, geriatricians are confronted with the fact that older age and multimorbidity are associated to frailty. Indeed, if we take the example of a very old person with no diseases that progressively becomes frail with no other explanation, there is a natural temptation to link frailty to aging. On the other hand, when an old person with a medical history of diabetes, arthritis and congestive heart failure becomes frail there appears an obvious relationship between frailty and comorbidity. The unsolved question is: Considering that frailty is multifactorial and in the majority of cases comorbidity and aging are acting synergistically, can we disentangle the main contributor to the origin of frailty: disease or aging? We believe that it is important to be able to differentiate age-related frailty from frailty related to comorbidity. In fact, with the emergence of geroscience, the physiopathology, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment will probably have to be different in the future.

scholarly journals The fractionation of nuclei from mammalian cells by zonal centrifugation

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R Johnston ◽  
A P Mathias ◽  
F. Pennington ◽  
D. Ridge
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slow Speed ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Liver Nuclei ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Zonal Rotor

1. Purified liver nuclei from adult rats separate into two main zones when centrifuged in the slow-speed zonal rotor. One zone contains diploid nuclei, the other tetraploid. 2. The effect of age on the pattern of rat liver ploidy was examined. Tetraploid nuclei are virtually absent from young animals. They increase in proportion steadily with age. Partial hepatectomy disturbs the pattern of ploidy. 3. The zonal centrifuge permits the separation of diploid, tetraploid, octaploid and hexadecaploid nuclei from mouse liver. 4. Rat liver nuclei are isopycnic with sucrose solutions of density 1·35 at 5°.

scholarly journals The effect of age on postural and cognitive task performance while using vibrotactile feedback

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (7) ◽  
pp. 2127-2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Cheng Lin ◽  
Susan L. Whitney ◽  
Patrick J. Loughlin ◽  
Joseph M. Furman ◽  
Mark S. Redfern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Vibrotactile Feedback ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Trunk Tilt ◽  
Effect Of Age

Vibrotactile feedback (VTF) has been shown to improve balance performance in healthy people and people with vestibular disorders in a single-task experimental condition. It is unclear how age-related changes in balance affect the ability to use VTF and if there are different attentional requirements for old and young adults when using VTF. Twenty younger and 20 older subjects participated in this two-visit study to examine the effect of age, VTF, sensory condition, cognitive task, duration of time, and visit on postural and cognitive performance. Postural performance outcome measures included root mean square of center of pressure (COP) and trunk tilt, and cognitive performance was assessed using the reaction time (RT) from an auditory choice RT task. The results showed that compared with younger adults, older adults had an increase in COP in fixed platform conditions when using VTF, although they were able to reduce COP during sway-referenced platform conditions. Older adults also did not benefit fully from using VTF in their first session. The RTs for the secondary cognitive tasks increased significantly while using the VTF in both younger and older adults. Older adults had a larger increase compared with younger adults, suggesting that greater attentional demands were required in older adults when using VTF information. Future training protocols for VTF should take into consideration the effect of aging.

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