Variation of morphological indicators of three-line hybrids sunflower and their parental forms

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Fertility Restorers

The article presents the results of three-year (2016–2018) studies of five three-line hybrids of the IMC selection - Agent, Agronomichny, Marshal, Kamenyar, Zaporozhskij 28 and their parent components - simple unreduced hybrids - ZL22A/102B, ZL42A/46B, ZL42A/58B and pollen fertility restorers – ZL512V, ZL678V and ZL7034V. It was found that individual indicators do not change synchronously. The Agent, Marshal and Kamenyar hybrids had the highest plant height in 2016, one each in 2017 – Agronomichny and in 2018 – Zaporozhskij 28. At the same time, three hybrids (Agent, Agronomical, Marshal) had the largest basket diameter in 2018 and two (Zaporozhskij 28, Kamenyar) in 2017. The shortest growing season hybrids Marshal, Zaporozhskij 28 and Kamenyar had in 2016 (90, 105 and 105 days), and two – Agent and Agronomichny in 2018 – 100 and 103 days, respectively. Among the simple unrecovered hybrids, two – ZL42A/46B and ZL42A/58B had high indicators of plant height, basket diameter and duration of the growing season in 2016. In the ZL22A/102B hybrid, the diameter of the basket was also the largest in 2016 (18.5 cm), the average plant height in 2016 – 124.5 cm was slightly lower than in 2018 (125.4 cm), also in these years in it almost coincided with the duration of the growing season – 97 days in 2016 and 96 in 2018 Fertility restorers had the highest indicators of plant height and basket diameter in 2017, also this year they had the shortest growing season, in 2016, on the contrary, they had the lowest height and the diameter of the basket, and the long growing season. The size of the baskets in the Marshal and Kamenyar hybrids correlates with the moisture supply of plants and the hydrothermal coefficient – the correlation coefficients are 0.997, 0.902 and 0.990, 0.973, respectively. The phases of organogenesis of plants of hybrids Kamenyar and Zaporozhskij 28 are greatly influenced by temperature, the correlation coefficient of this indicator with plant height and with the duration of the growing season is 0.996 for Kamenyar and 0.946 for Zaporozhskij 28, and with a hydrothermal coefficient – 0.939 and 0.753. In the Agent hybrid, the temperatures in June have the greatest influence on plant growth - the correlation coefficient is 0.997 and precipitation in May is 0.968, and the temperatures in May - 0.999 and June - 0.998 on the size of the basket. For the height of plants and the duration of the growing season at Agronomichny, moisture availability at the beginning of the growing season is very important, the correlation coefficients are 0.918 and 0.994, and in August during the filling of seeds 0.996 and 0.927, as well as July precipitation is 0.995. Of the simple unrecovered hybrids, the most demanding for heat is ZL22A/102B - the correlation coefficients are 0.941 with plant height and vegetation duration, 0.843 with the basket size. For ZL42A/58B, the most important are the May precipitation, their correlation with the vegetation duration of 1,000 and the basket diameter of 0.987, and the July temperatures - 0.999 and 0.993, respectively. Among the pollen fertility restorers, the line ZL512V turned out to be the most demanding to weather conditions. For plant growth, the temperatures of April (0.906), May (0.995) and June (1.000) are very important, for the duration of the growing season respectively – 0.958, 0.971 and 0.991, and for the size of the basket, precipitation in May (0.956) and July temperatures (0.943). The correlation coefficient with the sum of active temperatures is – 0.829 for plant height – 0.851 for basket diameter – 0.902 for the growing season.

The level of manifestation and variation of biometric indicators of spring barley samples of collection of Uman national university of horticulture

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Zh. M. Novak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
National University ◽  
Average Plant

Different weather conditions provide unequal growth and development of plants, in addition, biotypes react differently to changes in external environmental factors. Scientists from Ukraine and other countries analyze varieties and samples of spring barley for the purpose of determine donors of useful traits in different soil and climatic conditions. For the purpose of combine a number of useful traits in one genotype, hybridization between geographically distant biotypes is used. Uman National University of Horticulture has a collection of spring barley samples by different geographic origin. The analyze of breeding material by biometric traits, which will allow us to determine the level of manifestation of each of them in different conditions of 2018–2020 and to determine the donors of useful traits for the further breeding process, was carried out. The weather conditions of the years of research were very different. 2018 was the most unfavorable year for early spring crops. The reason for this was the presence of snow cover until the end of March. After that were strong heat and lack of precipitation. 2019 and 2020 were more favorable for spring barley due to the long cool spring. In addition, in 2020, May and June characterized by increased rainfall. The average plant height of the studied biotypes ranged from 50 to 64 cm. Most samples had the lowest plant height 40–57 cm in 2018, and the highest – in 2020 – from 54 to 88 cm. The average spike length of the analyzed samples was 5.9–8.1 cm. There was not dependence between conditions of the research year and spike length. The number of spikelets per spike was naturally determined by the research conditions. The lowest indicators were observed in 2018 — from 7.0 to 12.0 units, while in 2019 — 16.6–23.9 units, and in 2020 — 20.2–27.7 units. The variation of plant height of the analyzed samples was medium and significant with coefficients from 13.7 to 32.6 %. There was a slight, medium and significant variation of the length of the ear (V = 2.9–23.6 %). The index of number of spikelets per spike most varied — the coefficients of variation were 32.6–55.5 %.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Dosis Pupuk Kandang Ayam Petelur Dan NPK Mutiara 16:16:16 Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Lai Mahakam (Durio Kutejensis Hassk Becc) Belum Menghasilkan

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Zainudin Zainudin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Average Plant Height

This study aims to determine the dose of laying hens manure and fertilizer NPK 16:16:16 Mutiara right and the interaction between the dosing laying hen manure and NPK 16:16:16 pearls in improving plant growth Lai Mahakam immature. The study was conducted over four months, from May to September 2015 starting from land clearance, maintenance of plants, to capture data. This research was conducted at Badak Mekar village, Muara Badak, Regency. The design of the study is a randomized block design factorial 3 x 3 with three replications. The first factor is the dose of chicken manure (K) consisting of 3 levels: K0 (control), K1 (10 kg / plant) and K2 (20 kg / plant). The second factor is the dose of fertilizer NPK 16:16:16 Mutiara (M) comprises 3 levels: M0 (Control), M1 (200 g / plant) and M2 (400 g / plant). The treatment dose of chicken manure had no significant effect on all parameters of observation. Treatment fertilizer NPK 16:16:16 Mutiara very significant effect on all parameters of observation. The best treatment for an average plant height increment of age 90 days after treatment was achieved by treatment M1 (200 g / plant) is 15.54 cm while the lowest treatment was achieved by treatment M0 (control) is 7.03 cm. Interaction between chicken manure and NPK 16:16:16 Mutiara not significantly affected all parameters of observation.

scholarly journals Effects of Seed Treatments and Planting Depth on Emergence of Sea Buckthorn Species

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S.C. Li ◽  
Douglas A. Wardle
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Average Plant Height

The influence of seed treatments and planting depth on the percentage of seed emergence of Hippophae rhamnoides L. `Indian-Summer', H. tibetana Schlecht., H. neurocarpa Liu & He, H. salicifolia D. Don, and H. rhamnoides subsp. rhamnoides, sinensis, turkestanica, and mongolica were studied. Surface seeding had higher percentages of seed emergence and more rapid completion of emergence compared to a 1- or 2-cm (0.4- or 0.8-inch) seeding depth. Seeds soaked in water or potassium nitrate solution at room temperature emerged in higher percentages. Average plant height of the eight species and subspecies varied significantly at the end of first growing season.

scholarly journals Intensity of grass stand formation on simulation models of pastures for different seasons of use

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
S. Turko ◽  
K. Trubakova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the relationship between the parameter of the greatest growth of plants with a specific rate of grazing of animals on pasture. It is necessary to solve problems with the intensity of animal grazing, and also to establish, according to the data, a statistical relationship between the parameters of the logistic equation that describes the average statistical growth of plants on natural pastures. Research methods. The experiments were carried out at the research sites of the lysimetric complex of the FSC of Agroecology RAS with various soil substrates (Kumskiy sand, Bazhiganskiy sand, chernozem-like sandy loam substrate). Sowing mixtures of multicomponent herbs of the Stavropol selection was performed for further analysis of plant growth and development, taking into account the different season of use. Results. The article presents the equation of the course of growth of the grass stand for the growing season, which proves that even after the removal of part of the phytomass, the plant growth law is preserved according to the principle of the sigmoid curve. The maximum plant height after simulating phytomass etching was recorded on a lysimeter No. 6 and averaged: with phytomass removal of ⅓ – 121 cm, ½ – 97 cm, ⅔ – 61 cm. The smallest average plant height was noted on lysimeter No. 13 – 64 cm. The highest height on this lysimeter was 110 cm with ⅓ removal. The average growth at the end of the growing season of plants for all simulation models was distributed as follows: with the withdrawal of 33 % – 73 %; 50 % – 53 %; 67 % – 31 %. The experiments showed that it is not recommended to remove more than ⅓ of the plant phytomass. The main role is played by the rate of phytomass removal (grazing rate) for the stable restoration of the grass stand of degraded pastures, and it is also necessary to take into account the vegetative period of the plant. Scientific novelty. The relationship between plant growth parameters has been established. It allows you to predict the characteristics of further growth, improve the natural degraded grass stands, establish the sequence of grazing in different areas in accordance with the species composition of plants.

Trinexapac-ethyl as an Alternative to Reduce Lodging and Preserve Grain Yield and Quality of Rye

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Magaiver Gindri Pinheiro ◽  
Clovis Arruda Souza ◽  
Elijanara Raissa Silva ◽  
João Francisco Costa Carneiro Junior ◽  
Alex Fernando Basilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Best Response

Trinexapac-ethyl (henceforth referred to as trinexapac) is a growth regulator that can mitigate some undesirable vegetative growth in Poaceae plants, reducing lodging and optimizing the distribution of photoassimilates to reproductive organs. The objective of this research was to evaluate the morphophysiological and productive responses of rye cultivars and trinexapac doses applied at different phenological stages of plants. Two field experiments were performed in two different seasons. In the 2015 growing season, 8 doses of trinexapac were evaluated: 0, 75, 85, 100, 115, 130, 150, 200 g ha-1 of active ingredient (a.i.), applied at the plant growth stage with the 4th node visible on the main stem (GS34). In the 2018 growing season, two cultivars (IPR 89 and BRS Serrano) and five doses of trinexapac were evaluated: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g a.i. ha-1, applied at the plant growth stage with the 6th node visible on the main stem (GS36). The morphophysiological, productive and qualitative characteristics of grains were evaluated. In the 2015 season, trinexapac applied to shoot plants at GS34 only have low response in decreased plant lodging from around 20% to 10%. However, in the 2018 season, the application of trinexapac on plants at GS36, resulted in lower plant height, associated with reduced lodging and better quality of rye grains. Cultivar IPR 89 showed higher values for yield components and grain quality in comparison to cultivar BRS Serrano. Reduced lodging is dependent on speed of resumption of plant height growth, and the magnitude of response to trinexapac is also stage-cultivar-dose-dependent; in rye, the best response to trinexapac was found at GS 36 in comparison to GS 34, and for IPR 89 in comparison to BRS Serrano cultivar, respectively, with a dose range from 100 to 150 g ai ha-1. In conclusion, trinexapac (around 150 g a.i. ha-1), when applied to plants at GS36, reduces plant height, reduces the lodging index and enables the harvest of high-quality grains.

scholarly journals Unoccupied aerial system enabled functional modeling of maize (Zea mays L.) height reveals dynamic expression of loci associated to temporal growth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Anderson ◽  
Seth C. Murray ◽  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
Lonesome Malambo ◽  
Anjin Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Dynamic Expression ◽  
Aerial Systems

AbstractUnoccupied aerial systems (UAS) were used to phenotype growth trajectories of inbred maize populations under field conditions. Three recombinant inbred line populations were surveyed on a weekly basis collecting RGB images across two irrigation regimens (irrigated and non-irrigated/rain fed). Plant height, estimated by the 95th percentile (P95) height from UAS generated 3D point clouds, exceeded 70% correlation to manual ground truth measurements and 51% of experimental variance was explained by genetics. The Weibull sigmoidal function accurately modeled plant growth (R2: >99%; RMSE: < 4 cm) from P95 genetic means. The mean asymptote was strongly correlated (r2=0.66-0.77) with terminal plant height. Maximum absolute growth rates (mm d-1) were weakly correlated to height and flowering time. The average inflection point ranged from 57 to 60 days after sowing (DAS) and was correlated with flowering time (r2=0.45-0.68). Functional growth parameters (asymptote, inflection point, growth rate) alone identified 34 genetic loci, each explaining 3 to 15% of total genetic variation. Plant height was estimated at one-day intervals to 85 DAS, identifying 58 unique temporal quantitative trait loci (QTL) locations. Genomic hotspots on chromosome 1 and 3 indicated chromosomal regions associated with functional growth trajectories influencing flowering time, growth rate, and terminal growth. Temporal QTL demonstrated unique dynamic expression patterns not observable previously, no QTL were significantly expressed throughout the entire growing season. UAS technologies improved phenotypic selection accuracy and permitted monitoring traits on a temporal scale previously infeasible using manual measurements, furthering understanding of crop development and biological trajectories.Author summaryUnoccupied aerial systems (UAS) now can provide high throughput phenotyping to functionally model plant growth and explore genetic loci underlying temporal expression of dynamic phenotypes, specifically plant height. Efficient integration of temporal phenotyping via UAS, will improve the scientific understanding of dynamic, quantitative traits and developmental trajectories of important agronomic crops, leading to new understanding of plant biology. Here we present, for the first time, the dynamic nature of quantitative trait loci (QTL) over time under field conditions. To our knowledge, this is first empirical study to expand beyond selective developmental time points, evaluating functional and temporal QTL expression in maize (Zea mays L.) throughout a growing season within a field-based environment.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Variation At Combined Progeny And Provenance Of 5-Year-Old Intsia Bijuga (Colebr. )O.Kuntze In Sobang, Banten

Jurnal Wasian ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Hamdan Adma Adinugraha ◽  
Sugeng Pudjiono ◽  
Burhan Ismail ◽  
Mahfudz Mahfudz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Growth Variation ◽  
Average Plant

This study was conducted to evaluate plant growth of Intsia bijuga at 5 years old in Sobang, Banten for supplying good genetic material in the future. Establishment of the trial was conducted in 2007 using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) that consisted of 6 blocks, 100 families nested in 10 provenances, 4 treeplot for each family with a spacing of 4 x4 m. Measurements were taken periodically every year on the survival percentage, total height and stem diameter at the breast height or dbh. At the age of 5 years showed that the significant differences among provenance in survival percentage that ranged from 41.61 to 65.11 %,  average of plant height were 1.04 to 2.82 m and dbh 1.24 to 1.59 cm. The growth variation families also showed significant differences in height and diameter. The survival rate ranged from 12.5-91.67 %, average plant height were 0.52-2.55 m and dbh 0.90-2.44 cm. Individual tree heritability estimate for height was height (0.344) while that of diameter was moderate (0.259). Family heritabilities for height and diameter was considered moderate, namely 0.573 and 0.491 respectively. Genetic correlation between height and diameter growth was positive and high (0.834).

scholarly journals Effects of Film Mulching on Plant Growth and Nutrients in Artificial Soil: A Case Study on High Altitude Slopes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 11026
Author(s):  
Xing Wang ◽  
Hailong Sun ◽  
Changming Tan ◽  
Xiaowen Wang ◽  
Min Xia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Film Mulching ◽  
Coverage Rates

Vegetation restoration on slopes is generally difficult, especially in high altitude areas since the environment has dramatically changing weather conditions that are not suitable for plant growth. In this study, the potential of film mulching for vegetation restoration in such environments and plant growth and nutrients in artificial soil on slopes in high altitude areas were determined. Experiments were carried out in Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province, to determine plant growth and nutrients in artificial soil on slopes under six different coverage rates (40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90%). Results showed that in each observation period, plant height, ground diameter and contents of EN, EP and EK in the soil of the film mulching treatment were significantly higher than those of the control, while the number of plant individuals per unit area was significantly lower than that of the control. When the coverage rate was 90%, plant height, ground diameter, biomass and nutrient contents in the soil were all higher than those under the other five treatments. Overall, our study suggested that applying film mulching technology when performing vegetation restoration on slopes in high altitude areas is promising, since it can promote plant growth and preserve soil fertility.

scholarly journals Measuring the Impact of Statistical Techniques for Computation of Weighting Factors in Avalanche Forecasting Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 886-891
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Skill Score ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Avalanche Forecasting ◽  
Weighting Factors ◽  
The Impact

Avalanche forecasting is an important measure required for the safety of the people residing in hilly regions. Snow avalanches are caused due to the changes that occur in the snow and weather conditions. The prominent changes, that cause the variations which further culminate into an avalanche, can be given higher significance in the forecasting model by application of appropriate weights. These weights are decided based on the relation of each weather parameter to snow avalanche occurrence by the forecaster with the help of historical data. A method is proposed in the current work that can help in removing this subjectivity by using correlation coefficients. Present work explores the use of Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman rank correlation coefficient and Kendall Tau correlation coefficient to obtain the weighting factors for each parameter used for avalanche forecasting. These parameters are further used in the cosine similarity based nearest neighbour model for avalanche forecasting. Bias and Peirce’s Skill Score are performance measures used to evaluate the outcome of the experimental work.

scholarly journals Ecological testing of soybean varieties of the northern ecotype in Central Yakutia

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Alexey Nikolaevich Neustroev ◽  
Valentina Ivanovna Alekseeva ◽  
Ivan Fedorovich Bardeev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Field Hospital ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
The Republic

Objective: to conduct an environmental test of soybean varieties of the Northern ecotype in the conditions of the cryolithozone of Central Yakutia. Objects of research soybean varieties of the Northern ecotype Killer whale and Dina. The work was carried out according to the generally Accepted methods of VIR named after N. I. Vavilov. Field work was carried out in 2018-2020 at the scientific field hospital of the Yakut research Institute named after M. G. Safronov, located on the second above-floodplain terrace of the Lena river in Khangalassky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The soil of the experimental site, according to the morphological description, is permafrost-taiga pale yellow solodized, according to the granulometric composition, medium loamy, cultivated. The growing season over the years of research differed significantly in terms of heat and moisture supply. The duration of the growing season (seedling-full ripeness) was influenced by the characteristics of the variety and weather conditions. On average, over 3 years of study, the Kasatka variety has a growing season of 96 days, and Dina's is 9 days longer (105 days). The plant height and attachment height of the lower beans are signs of manufacturability of soybean plants. It was found that, depending on weather conditions, these indicators changed. In the year with the maximum sum of active temperatures (1585.9 ° С), both varieties of soybeans had the highest plant height and attachment of the lower pod. According to these signs, a negative reaction was noted in the Dina variety to arid conditions of the growing season (HTC - 0.49), in the Kasatka variety to the minimum amount of active temperatures (1503 ° C). For technology, the Kasatka variety is distinguished, in which the attachment height of the lower bob is 15.7 cm, which is 2 cm higher than that of Dina. According to the results of the analysis of the elements of the yield structure, on average over the years of research, the soybean varieties formed 14.5-16.0 beans / plant, 4.3-4.5 g / plant seeds, 1000 seeds weight 151-158 g. The Dina variety is distinguished for these indicators

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