Trinexapac-ethyl as an Alternative to Reduce Lodging and Preserve Grain Yield and Quality of Rye

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Magaiver Gindri Pinheiro ◽  
Clovis Arruda Souza ◽  
Elijanara Raissa Silva ◽  
João Francisco Costa Carneiro Junior ◽  
Alex Fernando Basilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Best Response

Trinexapac-ethyl (henceforth referred to as trinexapac) is a growth regulator that can mitigate some undesirable vegetative growth in Poaceae plants, reducing lodging and optimizing the distribution of photoassimilates to reproductive organs. The objective of this research was to evaluate the morphophysiological and productive responses of rye cultivars and trinexapac doses applied at different phenological stages of plants. Two field experiments were performed in two different seasons. In the 2015 growing season, 8 doses of trinexapac were evaluated: 0, 75, 85, 100, 115, 130, 150, 200 g ha-1 of active ingredient (a.i.), applied at the plant growth stage with the 4th node visible on the main stem (GS34). In the 2018 growing season, two cultivars (IPR 89 and BRS Serrano) and five doses of trinexapac were evaluated: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g a.i. ha-1, applied at the plant growth stage with the 6th node visible on the main stem (GS36). The morphophysiological, productive and qualitative characteristics of grains were evaluated. In the 2015 season, trinexapac applied to shoot plants at GS34 only have low response in decreased plant lodging from around 20% to 10%. However, in the 2018 season, the application of trinexapac on plants at GS36, resulted in lower plant height, associated with reduced lodging and better quality of rye grains. Cultivar IPR 89 showed higher values for yield components and grain quality in comparison to cultivar BRS Serrano. Reduced lodging is dependent on speed of resumption of plant height growth, and the magnitude of response to trinexapac is also stage-cultivar-dose-dependent; in rye, the best response to trinexapac was found at GS 36 in comparison to GS 34, and for IPR 89 in comparison to BRS Serrano cultivar, respectively, with a dose range from 100 to 150 g ai ha-1. In conclusion, trinexapac (around 150 g a.i. ha-1), when applied to plants at GS36, reduces plant height, reduces the lodging index and enables the harvest of high-quality grains.

Using ionizing radiation for improving the development and yield of agricultural crops.

2021 ◽  
pp. 424-432
Author(s):  
Stanislav Geras'kin ◽  
Roman Churyukin ◽  
Polina Volkova ◽  
Sofiya Bitarishvili
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract The response of barley seedlings was studied after gamma irradiation of seeds with doses in the range of 2-50 Gy. It was shown that stimulation of plant growth occurred in the dose range of 16-20 Gy. The influences of the dose rate, the quality of seeds and their moisture on the manifestation of radiation effects were investigated. We studied, under controlled conditions, the activities of metabolic and antioxidant enzymes and observed an increase in their activity in the range of doses that cause stimulation of seedling growth. We showed that changes in the balance among different classes of phytohormones were probably involved in the acceleration of plant growth after irradiation of seeds using stimulating doses. Gamma irradiation of barley seeds significantly influenced the development of plants during the growing season. After irradiation with stimulating doses, we observed a reduction in the duration of the initial stages of ontogenesis; the phase of full ripeness occurred 5-7 days earlier than in the controls. The manifestation of the effect of irradiation depended on the conditions in which the plants developed. During the growing season of 2014, which was a dry year, plants originating from the irradiated seeds showed an increase in the number of productive stems, which led to an increase in yield by 34-38%; during the optimal 2015 season, an increase in the number of grains per spike caused an increase in yield by 8-29%. Therefore, our field study has shown that at least some hormetic effects can occur in the field. Irradiation of seeds can increase field germination, stimulate the growth and development of plants and increase their resistance to unfavourable environmental conditions. A more complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms of hormesis is needed to exploit its potential benefits in crop production.

scholarly journals Improvement Growth, Yield, and Seed Quality of Pea Plants Using Glass Fertilizers and Bio-Fertilizers.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman G. Sayed ◽  
Mona A. Ouis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A new glass fertilizer (GF) system of main composition 60P2O5.30K2O.3.5ZnO. 3.5MnO.3Fe2O3 was developed in response to the needs of pea plants with bio-fertilizers (Rhizobium leguminosarum. Bv.vicieae, Bacillus megaterium var phosphaticum, Bacillus circulans).GF was prepared by the traditional melt quenching technique at 1150°C. Characterization of prepared system was done using FTIR spectra before and after immersion in a simulated actual agriculture medium like 2% citric acid and distilled water. During two winter seasons, two successful field experiments were conducted at Cairo University's Eastern Farm to determine the impact of chemical, glass, and bio-fertilizers on plant growth, yield attributes, and seed quality of pea plant. Control treatment were without any addition of recommended chemical fertilizers and other treatments were full dose of recommended chemical fertilizers (100%RDF), glass fertilizers at rate 60 kg fed− 1, Glass fertilizers at rate30 kg fed− 1, 50% RDF ,100%RDF + bio-fertilizers, Glass fertilizers at rate 60 kg fed− 1 + bio-fertilizers, glass fertilizers at rate 30 kg fed− 1+ bio-fertilizers, 50%RDF + bio-fertilizers. Plots received 60 kg fed− 1 glass fertilizers + bio-fertilizers show the highest significant increment in plant growth, number and weight of pods plant− 1, number of grain pods− 1, grain yield, biological yield, P%, k% in pea leaves and quality of pea seeds compared with plots without any addition (control) in both seasons.

Effect of Bensulfuron-Methyl on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) Growth and Development

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-855
Author(s):  
C. Dale Monks ◽  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Malcolm Pegues
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Boll Rot ◽  
Effect On Yield

Field experiments were conducted in Alabama from 1992 through 1994 to evaluate the potential of the methyl ester of bensulfuron applied at sublethal rates as a plant growth regulator for reducing plant height and boll rot in cotton. Bensulfuron at 0.017 and 0.034 g ai/ha or mepiquat chloride at 10 g ai/ha was applied POST alone at the pinhead square or early-bloom stage of cotton growth or sequentially at 0.017 followed by (fb) 0.017 g/ha, 0.034 fb 0.034 g/ha of bensulfuron and 5 fb 5, 10 fb 10, 10 fb 20, or 20 fb 20 g/ha of mepiquat chloride. Mepiquat chloride had no effect on yield in 1992 and 1994 but decreased yield when applied sequentially in 1993. Bensulfuron was generally detrimental to first position fruit retention, and it delayed maturity. Treatments that reduced plant height did not reduce boll rot. Bensulfuron treatments that reduced plant height also reduced yield; therefore, the potential for its use as a growth regulator in cotton appears limited.

A review of copper fertilizer management for optimum yield and quality of crops in the Canadian Prairie provinces

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
R. E. Karamanos
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Yield And Quality

Deficiency of copper (Cu) in Canadian prairie soils is not widespread, but whenever it occurs it can cause a drastic reduction in seed yield and quality of most cereals, especially wheat. Field experiments conducted in western Canada indicated that broadcast-incorporation of granular Cu fertilizers prior to seeding at 3-5.6 kg Cu ha-1 was usually sufficient to prevent Cu deficiency in wheat, and improve seed yield and quality. At lower rates (< 2.0 kg Cu ha-1), broadcast-incorporation of granular Cu fertilizers was not effective, while surface spray-broadcast followed by incorporation of liquid Cu fertilizers was much more effective in increasing seed yield of wheat in the first year of application. Surface broadcast without incorporation and seedrow-placed granular Cu fertilizers were much less effective in improving seed yield of wheat than their foliar or soil-incorporated applications. In the growing season, foliar applications of Cu at 0.20 to 0.28 kg Cu ha-1 to wheat at the Feekes 6 (first node of stem visible at base of shoot or stem elongation), Feekes 10 (sheath of last leaf completely grown or flag-leaf) and early boot growth stages were very effective in restoring seed yield, while Cu applications at the Feekes 2 (four-leaf) or Feekes 10.5 (complete heading) growth stage did not have a consistent effect to correct damage caused by Cu deficiency. Some Cu fertilizers (e.g., Cu oxide) were less effective than others in preventing/correcting Cu deficiency. Soil application at relatively high rates produced residual benefits in increasing seed yield for a number of years. The sensitivity of crops to Cu deficiency is usually in the order (wheat, flax, canary seed) > (barley, alfalfa) > (timothy seed, oats, corn) > (peas, clovers) > (canola, rye, forage grasses). Stem melanosis in wheat was associated with deficiency of Cu in soil, and the disease was reduced substantially with Cu application. A high level of available P in soil was observed to induce/increase severity of Cu deficiency in wheat. Soil analysis for diethylene triamine pentacetic acid- (DTPA) extractable Cu in soil can be used as a good diagnostic tool to predict Cu deficiency, but there was a poor relationship between total Cu concentration in shoots and the degree of Cu deficiency in crops. Application of Cu fertilizers to wheat on Cu-deficient soils also generally improved seed quality. Key words: Application time, Cu source, foliar application, granular Cu, growth stage, placement method, rate of Cu, seedrow-placed Cu, soil incorporation, wheat

scholarly journals Effect of olive core and olive core ash on the growth of Helianthus annuus and soil quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Nutrient Element ◽  
Dry Biomass

<p>Field experiments were carried out using <em>Helianthus annuus</em> in an attempt to improve the quality of soil conditions by application of industrial waste. A range of quantities of olive core, olive core ash and a mixture of the two kinds of waste were applied. In all experimental fields the plants reached their maximum height on the 80<sup>th</sup> day of their growth. The application of olive core increased the plant height and decreased the soil pH, suggesting an increase in the nutrient element bioavailability. There was also evidence that olive core increased the soil microbe biomass. Furthermore, olive core woodash gave the dry biomass of <em>Helianthus annuus </em>a boost.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Sowing Dates and Botanical Seed Pelleting on Plant Growth, Bulb Yield and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Panwar ◽  
Ashok K. Thakur ◽  
Pramod Sharma ◽  
Shivangi Negi ◽  
Cherry Nalwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Bulb Yield

Background: Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a major bulbous vegetable as well as condiment of family Alliaceae grown in India, originated in Iran and Pakistan. Seed pelleting is a mechanism of applying various materials to the seed that can enhance the seed quality with respect to physiological, physical and health attributes. Seed pelleting make it easy to handle small and irregular shaped seeds.Methods: The present investigation was conducted in the field of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan during seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18. Result: This experiment comprised of pelleted seeds with different botanicals carried out to determine the effect of sowing dates and seed pelleting and their interactions on plant growth, yield and quality of bulb crop. All the factors in the experiment as well as their interactions showed significant influence on plant growth, yield and yield contributing characters in onion. The seeds pelleted with Azadirechta indica leaf powder + clay and Melia azedarach leaf powder + clay sown directly showed maximum values w.r.t. emergence (91.50 %), plant height at 60 days after sowing (35.35 cm), average leaf length (38.43cm), number of leaves per plant (8.67), number of days to harvesting (233.49), polar diameter (46.72 mm), equatorial diameter (57.77 mm), bulb size index (2699.74 ), neck thickness (12.12 mm), number of bulb per plot (89.00) average bulb weight (75.24 g), bulb yield (6.67 kg per plot or 400.01 q per ha), plant height before neck fall stage (58.55 cm). From the present studies, it can be concluded that onion seeds pelleted with Azadirechta indica leaf powder + clay and Melia azedarach leaf powder + clay showed significant effects for enhancing bulb quality, growth, quality and yield of bulb crop raised through direct seeding.

scholarly journals Assessment of the quality of beet varieties in the Moscow region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Л.Н. Тимакова ◽  
В.А. Борисов ◽  
Н.А. Фильрозе ◽  
 О.Н. Успенская ◽  
Л.М. Соколова
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Nitrogenous Substances ◽  
Excellent Preservation

Пищевая ценность свеклы столовой определяется высоким содержанием сахаров, своеобразным составом азотистых веществ. Эта культура – источник натурального красителя бетанина, который обладает антиканцерогенным, антибактериальным и противовирусным действием на организм человека. В статье представлены результаты изучения биохимических качеств корнеплодов свеклы столовой. Исследования проводились в период 2014–2019 годов на шести сортах свеклы столовой селекции Агрохолдинга «Поиск». За стандарт взяты широко распространенные образцы отечественной и голландской селекции Бордо 237 (ВНИИССОК) и F1 Пабло (Bejo), районированные во всех регионах РФ. Полевые опыты выполнены по единой методике на базе ВНИИО – филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО в Раменском районе Московской области. Почва опытного участка относится к типу аллювиальных луговых, среднесуглинистая, насыщенная, влагоемкая. Погодные условия наиболее благоприятно для роста и развития растений свеклы столовой складывались в периоды вегетации 2014–2017 годов. Особенность погодных условий 2018–2019 годов – неравномерное выпадение осадков, что повлияло на время прорастания семян. Дефицит влаги в период вегетации компенсировали поливами методом дождевания, поддерживая НВ на уровне 80–85%. Наибольшее количество сухого вещества накапливает сорт Русская односемянная – 18,4%, что соответствует уровню стандарта Бордо 237. Высокое содержание сахаров свойственно сорту Креолка – 10,7%, и превосходит стандарты на 1,8%. Образцы, восприимчивые к заболеваниям листовой розетки во время вегетации культуры – Эфиопка и F1  Пабло накапливают меньше пигмента бетанина. Биохимические качества корнеплодов сорта Креолка больше сопряжены с его генотипом. Накопление нитратов у образцов крайне подвержено условиям года. Более чем в десять раз изменяется содержание нитратов в зависимости от года у сортов Славянка, Русская односемянная, Креолка и Бордо 237. Выход товарной продукции после шести месяцев хранения по изучаемым образцам колебался от 49,1 до 91,4%. Отличную сохранность на уровне стандартов – свыше 85% показал сорт Русская односемянная. The nutritional value of table beets is determined by a high content of sugars, a peculiar composition of nitrogenous substances. This culture is a source of the natural dye betanin, which has anti-carcinogenic, antibacterial and antiviral effects on the human body. The article presents the results of a study of biochemical qualities of root crops of table beet. Research was conducted in the period 2014–2019 on 6 varieties of beet of table selection of the Poisk Agrо Holding. Widespread samples of domestic and Dutch breeding Bordo 237 (FSCVG) and Pablo F1 (Bejo), zoned in all regions of the Russian Federation, were taken as a standard. Field experiments were performed according to a single methodology on the basis of ARRIVG – branch of FSCVG. The soil of the experimental site belongs to the type of alluvial meadow, medium-loamy, saturated, moisture-intensive. Weather conditions were most favorable for the growth and development of table beet plants during the growing season of 2014–2017. A feature of the weather conditions of 2018-2019 was uneven precipitation, which affected the time of germination of seeds. The lack of moisture during the growing season was compensated by irrigation by sprinkling, maintaining the HB at the level of 80–85%. The largest amount of dry matter accumulates Russian single-seeded variety – 18.4%, which corresponds to the level of the standard Bordeaux 237. High sugar content is characteristic of the Creole variety – 10.7%, and exceeds the standards by 1.8%. Samples that are susceptible to diseases of the leaf rosette during the growing season of the culture-Ethiopian and F1Pablo accumulate less of the pigment betanin. The biochemical qualities of Creole root crops are more associated with its genotype. The accumulation of nitrates in samples is highly susceptible to the conditions of the year. The nitrate content varies more than 10 times depending on the year in the varieties Slavyanka, Russian single-seeded, Creole and Bordo 237. The output of marketable products after 6 months of storage in the studied samples ranged from 49.1 to 91.4%. Excellent preservation at the level of standards – over 85% showed the Russian single-seeded variety.

scholarly journals SOURGRASS INTERFERENCE ON SOYBEAN GROWN IN BRAZILIAN CERRADO

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-358
Author(s):  
GUILHERME BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ ◽  
ALINE GUIMARÃES CRUVINEL ◽  
ALAN BRUNO CANEPPELE ◽  
HUDSON KAGUEYAMA TAKANO ◽  
ALESSANDRO GUERRA DA SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

ABSTRACT Sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) is one of the main species causing significant losses in Brazilian soybean production systems. Thus, this paper aimed to evaluate sourgrass interference on soybeans grown under Cerrado conditions. Three field experiments were conducted, of which the first two (E1 and E2) simulated sourgrass after pre-sowing burndown, using plants already emerged by the time soybeans were sown; whereas the third (E3) simulated both sourgrass and soybeans emerged simultaneously. Both E1 and E2 were conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments based on sourgrass infestation densities (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 plants m-2) and four replications. In turn, E3 was also carried out in an RCBD but with treatments arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial and four replications. The first factor comprised two soybean cultivars, while the second was sourgrass density levels, just as in E1 and E2. The results showed that increasing sourgrass densities reduced soybean yield regardless of the plant growth stage when the crop was sown. Yield losses were higher when sourgrass plants were already established by the time soybean was sown. Soybean yield losses reached up to 80% under higher sourgrass infestation levels.

scholarly journals (42) Effects of Photoselective Shadecloths on Potted Dracaena and Anthurium Plants

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053E-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent D. Kobayashi ◽  
Andrew F. Kawabata ◽  
Joanne S Lichty
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Potted Plant ◽  
Plant Habit ◽  
Height Increase

Photoselective shadecloths that manipulate light quality may enable nursery growers to achieve desired plant growth. This ability to manage plant habit could give growers an additional nonchemical tool to improve potted plant quality. The objective of this study was to determine growth and flowering responses of potted Dracaena and Anthurium plants to four shadecloths. Dracaena deremensis `Janet Craig' and Dracaena marginata `Colorama' cane top-cuttings were placed in 70% black cinder: 30% peat moss media. Anthurium `Lola' liners were transplanted into 100% black cinder medium. Plants were grown in a greenhouse under 70% shadecloths: black, gray, red, and blue. Four months after planting, Dracaena `Janet Craig' had more new leaves under red shadecloth (10.4) compared to other shadecloths (8.9–9.3). Leaf area was less with red shadecloth (340 cm2) than other treatments (380-388 cm2). Plants under the red shadecloth had the lowest grower evaluation scores (5.4; 1 = poor, 10 = excellent) than those under other shadecloths (7.2–8.2), but all plants were considered marketable. Dracaena `Colorama' plants under red shadecloth had the greater plant height increase (20.1 cm) than those under other shadecloths (10.1–13.2 cm). Red shadecloth resulted in more new leaves (26.2) compared to other treatments (18.0–21.4). Anthurium `Lola' flower height 9 months after transplanting was less under red shadecloth (23.0 cm) than under black (33.0 cm). The number of flowers/pot was greater under red shadecloth (3.17) compared to those under other shadecloths (0.50–1.33). Flower size was greater (35.2 cm2) under red shadecloth than under black (20.0 cm2). Photoselective shadecloths may be used to nonchemically manipulate plant growth and improve the quality of potted Dracaena and Anthurium plants.

scholarly journals Intensity of grass stand formation on simulation models of pastures for different seasons of use

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
S. Turko ◽  
K. Trubakova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the relationship between the parameter of the greatest growth of plants with a specific rate of grazing of animals on pasture. It is necessary to solve problems with the intensity of animal grazing, and also to establish, according to the data, a statistical relationship between the parameters of the logistic equation that describes the average statistical growth of plants on natural pastures. Research methods. The experiments were carried out at the research sites of the lysimetric complex of the FSC of Agroecology RAS with various soil substrates (Kumskiy sand, Bazhiganskiy sand, chernozem-like sandy loam substrate). Sowing mixtures of multicomponent herbs of the Stavropol selection was performed for further analysis of plant growth and development, taking into account the different season of use. Results. The article presents the equation of the course of growth of the grass stand for the growing season, which proves that even after the removal of part of the phytomass, the plant growth law is preserved according to the principle of the sigmoid curve. The maximum plant height after simulating phytomass etching was recorded on a lysimeter No. 6 and averaged: with phytomass removal of ⅓ – 121 cm, ½ – 97 cm, ⅔ – 61 cm. The smallest average plant height was noted on lysimeter No. 13 – 64 cm. The highest height on this lysimeter was 110 cm with ⅓ removal. The average growth at the end of the growing season of plants for all simulation models was distributed as follows: with the withdrawal of 33 % – 73 %; 50 % – 53 %; 67 % – 31 %. The experiments showed that it is not recommended to remove more than ⅓ of the plant phytomass. The main role is played by the rate of phytomass removal (grazing rate) for the stable restoration of the grass stand of degraded pastures, and it is also necessary to take into account the vegetative period of the plant. Scientific novelty. The relationship between plant growth parameters has been established. It allows you to predict the characteristics of further growth, improve the natural degraded grass stands, establish the sequence of grazing in different areas in accordance with the species composition of plants.

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