scholarly journals Ecological testing of soybean varieties of the northern ecotype in Central Yakutia

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Alexey Nikolaevich Neustroev ◽  
Valentina Ivanovna Alekseeva ◽  
Ivan Fedorovich Bardeev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Field Hospital ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
The Republic

Objective: to conduct an environmental test of soybean varieties of the Northern ecotype in the conditions of the cryolithozone of Central Yakutia. Objects of research soybean varieties of the Northern ecotype Killer whale and Dina. The work was carried out according to the generally Accepted methods of VIR named after N. I. Vavilov. Field work was carried out in 2018-2020 at the scientific field hospital of the Yakut research Institute named after M. G. Safronov, located on the second above-floodplain terrace of the Lena river in Khangalassky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The soil of the experimental site, according to the morphological description, is permafrost-taiga pale yellow solodized, according to the granulometric composition, medium loamy, cultivated. The growing season over the years of research differed significantly in terms of heat and moisture supply. The duration of the growing season (seedling-full ripeness) was influenced by the characteristics of the variety and weather conditions. On average, over 3 years of study, the Kasatka variety has a growing season of 96 days, and Dina's is 9 days longer (105 days). The plant height and attachment height of the lower beans are signs of manufacturability of soybean plants. It was found that, depending on weather conditions, these indicators changed. In the year with the maximum sum of active temperatures (1585.9 ° С), both varieties of soybeans had the highest plant height and attachment of the lower pod. According to these signs, a negative reaction was noted in the Dina variety to arid conditions of the growing season (HTC - 0.49), in the Kasatka variety to the minimum amount of active temperatures (1503 ° C). For technology, the Kasatka variety is distinguished, in which the attachment height of the lower bob is 15.7 cm, which is 2 cm higher than that of Dina. According to the results of the analysis of the elements of the yield structure, on average over the years of research, the soybean varieties formed 14.5-16.0 beans / plant, 4.3-4.5 g / plant seeds, 1000 seeds weight 151-158 g. The Dina variety is distinguished for these indicators

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

scholarly journals Cropping capacity of winter rye cultivated for fodder

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (49) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Galina Konieva ◽  
◽  
Vitalii Ochirov ◽  
Vera Ivanova ◽  
Rustam Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Republic

Realization of the yield potential depends on the biological characteristics of the variety, cultivation technology and weather conditions. The article presents the results of studies carried out in 2018-2021. on the productivity of various varieties of winter rye in dryland conditions of the central zone of the Republic of Kalmykia. The fresh yield of winter rye harvested for fodder depended on the variety. Its highest index was obtained for the Saratovskaya 4 variety and amounted to 17.7 ... 26.9 t / ha. The analysis of the productivity of winter rye harvested for green fodder showed that the studied varieties provided the yield of dry matter at the level of 5.4 ... 7.1 t / ha on average for three years. All varieties have good winter hardiness. Keywords: WINTER RYE, VARIETY, NAKED FALLOW, PLANT HEIGHT, GREEN MASS, FRESH YIELD, CROP PRODUCTIVITY, DRY MATTER

Variation of morphological indicators of three-line hybrids sunflower and their parental forms

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Fertility Restorers

The article presents the results of three-year (2016–2018) studies of five three-line hybrids of the IMC selection - Agent, Agronomichny, Marshal, Kamenyar, Zaporozhskij 28 and their parent components - simple unreduced hybrids - ZL22A/102B, ZL42A/46B, ZL42A/58B and pollen fertility restorers – ZL512V, ZL678V and ZL7034V. It was found that individual indicators do not change synchronously. The Agent, Marshal and Kamenyar hybrids had the highest plant height in 2016, one each in 2017 – Agronomichny and in 2018 – Zaporozhskij 28. At the same time, three hybrids (Agent, Agronomical, Marshal) had the largest basket diameter in 2018 and two (Zaporozhskij 28, Kamenyar) in 2017. The shortest growing season hybrids Marshal, Zaporozhskij 28 and Kamenyar had in 2016 (90, 105 and 105 days), and two – Agent and Agronomichny in 2018 – 100 and 103 days, respectively. Among the simple unrecovered hybrids, two – ZL42A/46B and ZL42A/58B had high indicators of plant height, basket diameter and duration of the growing season in 2016. In the ZL22A/102B hybrid, the diameter of the basket was also the largest in 2016 (18.5 cm), the average plant height in 2016 – 124.5 cm was slightly lower than in 2018 (125.4 cm), also in these years in it almost coincided with the duration of the growing season – 97 days in 2016 and 96 in 2018 Fertility restorers had the highest indicators of plant height and basket diameter in 2017, also this year they had the shortest growing season, in 2016, on the contrary, they had the lowest height and the diameter of the basket, and the long growing season. The size of the baskets in the Marshal and Kamenyar hybrids correlates with the moisture supply of plants and the hydrothermal coefficient – the correlation coefficients are 0.997, 0.902 and 0.990, 0.973, respectively. The phases of organogenesis of plants of hybrids Kamenyar and Zaporozhskij 28 are greatly influenced by temperature, the correlation coefficient of this indicator with plant height and with the duration of the growing season is 0.996 for Kamenyar and 0.946 for Zaporozhskij 28, and with a hydrothermal coefficient – 0.939 and 0.753. In the Agent hybrid, the temperatures in June have the greatest influence on plant growth - the correlation coefficient is 0.997 and precipitation in May is 0.968, and the temperatures in May - 0.999 and June - 0.998 on the size of the basket. For the height of plants and the duration of the growing season at Agronomichny, moisture availability at the beginning of the growing season is very important, the correlation coefficients are 0.918 and 0.994, and in August during the filling of seeds 0.996 and 0.927, as well as July precipitation is 0.995. Of the simple unrecovered hybrids, the most demanding for heat is ZL22A/102B - the correlation coefficients are 0.941 with plant height and vegetation duration, 0.843 with the basket size. For ZL42A/58B, the most important are the May precipitation, their correlation with the vegetation duration of 1,000 and the basket diameter of 0.987, and the July temperatures - 0.999 and 0.993, respectively. Among the pollen fertility restorers, the line ZL512V turned out to be the most demanding to weather conditions. For plant growth, the temperatures of April (0.906), May (0.995) and June (1.000) are very important, for the duration of the growing season respectively – 0.958, 0.971 and 0.991, and for the size of the basket, precipitation in May (0.956) and July temperatures (0.943). The correlation coefficient with the sum of active temperatures is – 0.829 for plant height – 0.851 for basket diameter – 0.902 for the growing season.

Carbon cycle of permafrost transect: main terrestrial and hydrological ecosystems of Eastern Siberia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trofim Maximov ◽  
Han Dolman ◽  
Ayumi Kotani ◽  
Per Anderson ◽  
Ayaal Maksimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Larch Forest ◽  
Eddy Correlation ◽  
Northeastern Russia ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
Siberian Forests

<p>Almost 65% of Siberian forests and 23% of tundra vegetation grow in permafrost zone. According to our estimate, carbon stocks in the soils of forest and tundra ecosystems of Yakutia (Eastern Siberia, Russia) amount to 17 billion tons (125.5 million hectares of forest and 37 million hectares of tundra in total) that is about 25% of total carbon resource in the forest soils of the Russian Federation.<br>This presentation is compiled from the results of many years time series investigations conducted on the study of carbon cycle in permafrost-dominated forests with different productivity and typical tundra and along Great Lena river basin including Aldan and Viluy tributaries. <br>Seasonal photosynthesis maximum of forest canopy vegetation in dry years falls into June, and in humid ones – into July. During the growing season the woody plants of Yakutia uptake from 1.5 to 4.0 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> season<sup>-1</sup> depending on water provision. Night respiration is higher in dry and extremely dry years (10.9 and 16.1% respectively). The productive process of tree species in Eastern Siberia is limited by endogenous (stomatal conductance) and exogenous (provision with moisture and nutrients, nitrogen specifically) factors. The increase of an atmospheric precipitation after long 2-3 annual droughts accompanied with strong surge in photosynthetic activity of forest plants is almost 2.5 times. <br>The temperature of soil is a key factor influencing soil respiration in the larch forests. Average soil respiration for the growing season comes to 6.9 kg C ha<sup>-1</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>, which is a characteristic of Siberian forests. Annual average soil emission is 4.5±0.6 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>.<br>As our multi-year studies showed, there is significant interannual NEE variation in the Central Yakutia larch forest, while in the Southern Yakutia  larch forest and tundra ecosystem variation is more smooth, because the climatic conditions in these zones (close to the mountain and sea)  are less changeable than in sharply continental Central Yakutia. <br>According to our long-term eddy-correlation data, the annual uptake of carbon flux (NEE) in the high productivity larch forest of South eastern Yakutia, 60N – 2.43±0.23 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, in the moderate productivity larch forest of the Central Yakutia, 62N makes 2.12±0.34 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> and in the tundra zone, 70N – 0.75±0.14 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>.<br>Interannual variation of carbon fluxes in permafrost forests in Northeastern Russia (Yakutia) makes 1.7-2.4 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> that results in the upper limit of annual sequestering capacity of 450-617 Mt C yr<sup>-1</sup>. In connection with climate warming there is a tendency of an increase in the volume of carbon sequestration by tundra and as opposed to decrease by forest ecosystem in the result of prolongation of the growing season and changing of plant successions.  This is also supported by changes in land use as well as by CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration in the form of fertilizer. <br>According our biogeochemical investigation annual flux of carbon from main in Eastern Siberia Lena river hydrological basin is almost 6.2 Mt C yr<sup>-1</sup> including 28% at Aldan and 14% at Viluy rivers.</p>

scholarly journals Estimating the abundance of the typographer bark beetle in the spruce forests of the Republic of Tatarstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00138
Author(s):  
Aigul Mukhametshina ◽  
Haris Musin ◽  
Insaf Taziev ◽  
Renat Gafiatov
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Peak Number ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
A Site ◽  
Forest Diseases

The article provides an estimation of abundance the typographer bark beetle using barrier traps in the spruce forests of the Republic of Tatarstan. For the last 10 years, there has been the shrinkage of spruce forests throughout the Russian Federation due to adverse factors, primarily the weather. In the forests of the Republic of Tatarstan, the main reasons for the unsatisfactory condition of forest stands are forest diseases – 20,276.7 ha and weather conditions – 16,824.1 ha, corresponding to 51.7% and 42.9% of the area of all plantations with disrupted and lost stability. The research studies were carried out in the “Sabinskiy Forestry Enterprise” and “Lubyankskiy Forestry Enterprise” of the Republic of Tatarstan. According to our observations for the whole growing season, the largest number of beetles is concentrated on a site of pure plantings at the age of 40 years and is estimated at 1,645 pcs. On all three sites, the peak number of beetles takes place on July 5, 2019 corresponding to 3,684 pcs. In 2019, there was damping of some foci of this pest on 330.1 ha. At the same time, the new foci were identified, which accounted for 9.5% of the total area of bark beetle foci. As a result, at the end of 2019, the total area of foci of this pest in the forests of the Republic of Tatarstan was 1,018.9 ha, which is 28% less than the same indicator last year.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF THE SOWING STRUCTURE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF NORTHERN EKOTYPE SOYBEAN PLANTS AT DIFFERENT SOWING METHODS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA FOREST STEPPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Fadeeva ◽  
Tamara Abrosimova
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Maximum Field

The studies were carried out in order to study the effect of the row spacing on the formation of the structure and productivity of plants of the early maturing soybean of Milyausha variety. In a field experiment on gray forest soils with a weakly acidic reaction and a humus content of 3.21 ... 3.83%, two sowing methods were compared: continuous sowing with a distance between rows of 15 cm and a series of rows - 30 cm. In the conditions of Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan in dry years (2016, 2018), the duration of the growing season of the variety did not depend on the sowing methods and was 89 ... 91 days. With a moderate temperature regime and abundant precipitation (2017), with row sowing with a row spacing of 15 cm, it increased up to 105 days, in the variant with a row spacing of 30 cm - up to 109 days. An increase in the duration of the period from sowing to emergence of seedlings with a lack of heat led to a decrease in field germination according to the variants of the experiment to 70.0 ... 72.5%, plant survival - to 57.5 ... 66.0%. The maximum field germination in the experiment (95.0 and 85.0%), safety (98.2 and 94.1%) and plant survival (93.3 and 80.0%) were noted in 2018 with a high sum of air temperatures above 10 ° C and moderate moisture (total precipitation 102 mm) during the growing season. In the variant with a row spacing of 30 cm, the mass of seeds per plant in arid conditions was higher than with continuous sowing, by 2.2 ... 2.7, and in conditions of excessive moisture - by 1.7 times. An increase in the mass of seeds provided an increase in branching, the number of beans and seeds per plant. In terms of productivity and yield per unit area, there were no significant differences between the options for sowing methods. The maximum realization of the potential of productivity (289.1 and 314.7 g / m2) and yield (2.78 and 2.81 t / ha) in the experiment was achieved with the duration of the growing season 105 and 109 days (2017)

scholarly journals Сорта картофеля для переработки

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. Serderov ◽  
T.G. Khanbabaev ◽  
D.V. Serderovа
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
The Republic

Наряду с правильной организацией базой хранения, для эффективного использования картофеля большое значение имеет его переработка. Содержание сухого вещества один из показателей качества пригодности сортов картофеля для его переработки. В статье обобщены результаты оценки урожайности сортов картофеля в климатических условиях высокогорья Республики Дагестан и содержания в клубнях сухого вещества как критерия пригодности сортов для переработки на картофелепродукты. Исследования проводили в опорном пункте Курахский , МО Курахский район Республики Дагестан, расположенном на высоте 2000 2200 м над уровнем моря в 2017 и 2018 годах. Контроль районированный в республике среднеранний сорт Волжанин. Схема посадки 70 30 см, повторность четырехкратная. Почвенный покров представлен горными каштановыми среднесуглинистыми почвами. Содержание гумуса 2,91-3,01. Питательными веществами почвы обеспечены в средней степени: гидролизуемого азота 2,2-3,5 мг, подвижного фосфора 4-6 мг и обменного калия 12,5-16,5 мг на 100 г. Погодные условия вегетационных периодов были благоприятные для возделывания картофеля. Средняя температура воздуха во время посадки (май) составила 11-12 С, а во время вегетации летние месяцы 14-16 С. Опытные участки расположены опыты в засушливой зоне, так как выпадающие осадки во время вегетации (в среднем 60-80 мм в месяц) недостаточны для роста и развития картофеля. За время вегетации были проведены пять поливов по бороздам из расчета 50 л на м2 (500 м3/га). По урожайности (31,438,7 т/га) в сравнении с контролем выделились сорта: Импала, Ирбитский, Жуковский ранний, Манифест, Матушка, Невский, Примобелла, Розара, Сильвана, Спиридон и Удача. По содержанию сухого вещества (25,829,1) в сравнении с контролем выделились сорта: Алена, Нарт, Гиоконда, Матушка, Росси, Вектор, Примобелла, Импало и Дезире.Along with the correct organization of storage base, for the effective use of potatoes, its processing is of great importance. The dry matter content is one of the indicators of the quality of potato cultivars suitability for processing. The article summarizes the results of assessment of the yield of potato cultivars in the climatic conditions of the highlands of the Republic of Dagestan and the content of dry matter in tubers as a criterion for the suitability of cultivars for processing into potato products. The research was carried out in the reference point Kurakhsky, MO Kurakhsky district of the Republic of Dagestan, located at an altitude of 2000-2200 m above sea level in 2017 and 2018. Control-zoned in the Republic of mid-early cultivar Volzhanin. Planting scheme is 70 30 cm, repeat-four times. The soil is mountain brown medium loamy. Humus content is 2.91-3.01. Soil nutrients are provided to an average extent: hydrolyzed nitrogen 2.2-3.5 mg, mobile phosphorus 4-6 mg and exchange potassium 12.5-16.5 mg per 100 g. The weather conditions of the growing season were favourable for potato growing. The average air temperature during planting (May) was 11-12 C, and during the growing season the summer months was 14-16 C. Experimental plots are located in the arid zone, as precipitation during the growing season (on average 60-80 mm per month) is not sufficient for the growth and development of potatoes. During the growing season, five furrow irrigation was carried out at the rate of 50 l per m2 (500 m3/ha). In terms of yield (31.438.7 t/ha) in comparison with the control, the following cultivars were distinguished: Impala, Irbitsky, Zhukovsky ranniy, Manifest, Matushka, Nevsky, Primobella, Rosara, Silvana, Spiridon and Udacha. According to the dry matter content (25.829.1) in comparison with the control, the following cultivars were distinguished: Alena, Nart, Gioconda, Matushka, Rossi, Vector, Primobella, Impala and Desire.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of the Fusarium fungi causing root rot of winter cereals in Belarus

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
N. A. Krupenko* ◽  
S. F. Buga ◽  
A. G. Zhukovskiy ◽  
I. N. Odintsova ◽  
A. A. Zhukovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

Fusarium fungi are the main causal agents of root rot of winter cereals in Belarus. As many as 12 different species were identified, with occurrence being dependent on the cereal host species and weather conditions during the growing season. Lack of precipitation from April to July led to decreasing fungal biodiversity. Fusarium pathogen complex on wheat roots was formed by F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, whereas F. equiseti and F. oxysporum prevailed on triticale and rye, and F. solani, F. avenaceum and F. equiseti dominated on barley root systems. The infestation of root with F. oxysporum increased under dry conditions. In contrast, F. culmorum was isolated from root system of wheat and triticale more frequently when rainfall was sufficient. For the first time, F. cerealis and F. tricinctum were isolated from triticale, and F. cerealis from rye only, in the Republic of Belarus.

scholarly journals Morphology and some aspects of reproductive biology of perennial buckwheat Fagopyrum cymosum Meissn. in the Republic of Tatarstan

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Luisa Ravilevna Kadyrova ◽  
Fanusa Zagitovna Kadyrova
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
General Information ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Economic Use

Fagopyrum cymosum Meissn. is a wild perennial species of buckwheat, which grows in southwest Asia. Despite rather active economic use of perennial buckwheat, only the most general information concerning the morphology and reproductive biology of the species is found in the literature. At the same time, such information could be useful for conducting genetic-selection works. In the case of the introduction of F. cymosum into the territory of European Russia, a comprehensive study of a new species will be required. The purpose of this study is a complete morphological description, identification of flowering and nectar features, evaluation of pollen fertility and seed productivity of perennial buckwheat F. cymosum in the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result of the studies, a morphological characteristic of perennial buckwheat is given. The strong branching of shoots and flower-bearing axes of F. cymosum was revealed. It turned out that the structure of the buckwheat flower is characterized by high variability. Flowers with the highest frequency were found with the formula P5A8G(3) (83,3%) and P5A9G(3) (10,7%). Among the anomalous flowers, variants with a variable number of stamens were most often encountered. Perennial buckwheat in the Republic of Tatarstan was pollinated by wild Hymenoptera and Diptera. The sugariness of perennial buckwheat nectar compared to the selection varieties of buckwheat was insignificant, averaged 0,03 mg of sugar per flower. The fertility of pollen fluctuated within 87,5-96,8%, depending on the weather conditions. The real seed productivity of perennial buckwheat varied from 26,7 to 186,0 seeds per plant. As a result of the study the authors have concluded that perennial buckwheat can be grown in the conditions of the Middle Volga Region as an annual crop.

Eggplant: improvement of agricultural techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
М.Ш. Шабанова ◽  
Д.С. Магомедова ◽  
С.А. Курбанов
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
The Republic

Приведены результаты влияния режимов капельного орошения и норм органоминеральных удобрений на продуктивность баклажана при выращивании в сухостепной зоне Терско-Сулакской низменности Республики Дагестан. Цель исследований – разработка приемов агротехники возделывания баклажана, обеспечивающих при уровне предполивной влажности почвы в диапазоне 80–100% НВ и расчетном режиме орошения получение планируемой урожайности не менее 60 т/га высококачественных плодов. Объект исследований – среднеранний сорт баклажана Алмаз. Двухфакторный полевой опыт проводили в 2013–2015 годах на зональных лугово-каштановых среднесуглинистых почвах ОАО «Учебно-опытное хозяйство» (Кировский район Республики Дагестан). Почвы опытного участка характеризовались невысоким содержанием гумуса – 1,9%, средней обеспеченностью легкогидролизуемым азотом – 49 мг/кг почвы, низкой обеспеченностью подвижным фосфором – 15 мг/кг и средней обеспеченностью обменным калием – 207 мг/кг почвы. Агрофизические показатели плодородия орошаемой почвы: объемная масса корнеобитаемого слоя – 1,25 т/м3, наименьшая влагоемкость – 17,9%. В качестве органических удобрений использовали полуперепревший навоз, из минеральных удобрений – аммиачную селитру и мочевину, двойной суперфосфат и хлористый калий. Все анализы, учеты и наблюдения проводили в соответствии с общепринятыми методиками. Установлено, что возрастание нижнего порога влажности почвы и применение удобрений способствуют повышению эффективности использования оросительной воды в 2,5 раза, усилению фотосинтетической деятельности и, в частности, повышению КПД ФАР до 1,2%. Наилучшее сочетание урожаеобразующих факторов – поддержание в течение вегетации нижнего порога влажности корнеобитаемого слоя почвы не ниже 80 и 90% НВ на фоне 40 т/га навоза + N320P120K210. 24–66 поливов в течение вегетации баклажана (в зависимости от погодных условий и порога влажности) поливными нормами 146 и 73 м3/га соответственно, внесение под вспашку 40 т/га навоза и половинной нормы минеральных удобрений с тремя азотными подкормками обеспечивают наибольшую урожайность плодов – 62,3–63,6 т/га. The results of the influence of drip irrigation regimes and organic mineral fertilizers on the productivity of eggplant when grown in the dry-steppe zone of the Tersko-Sulak lowland of the Republic of Dagestan are presented. The purpose of the research is to develop methods of agricultural techniques for eggplant cultivation, which ensure that the planned yield of at least 60 t/ha of high-quality fruits is obtained at the level of pre-irrigation soil moisture in the range of 80–100% WC and the calculated irrigation regime. The object of research is the medium-early variety of eggplant Almaz. A two-factor field experiment was conducted in 2013–2015 on zonal meadow-chestnut medium-loamy soils of JSC Educational and Experimental Farm (Kirovsky district of the Republic of Dagestan). The soils of the experimental site were characterized by a low humus content – 1.9%, an average supply of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen – 49 mg/kg of soil, a low supply of mobile phosphorus – 15 mg/kg and an average supply of exchangeable potassium – 207 mg/kg of soil. Agrophysical indicators of the fertility of the irrigated soil: the volume mass of the root layer – 1.25 t/m3, the lowest moisture capacity – 17.9%. As organic fertilizers, semi-rotted manure was used, from mineral fertilizers – ammonium nitrate and urea, double superphosphate and potassium chloride. All analyses, records and observations were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. It was found that the increase in the lower threshold of soil moisture and the use of fertilizers contribute to an increase in the efficiency of irrigation water use by 2.5 times, an increase in photosynthetic activity, and, in particular, an increase in the efficiency of headlights up to 1.2%. The best combination of crop-forming factors is to maintain the lower moisture threshold of the root layer of the soil during the growing season at least 80 and 90% WC against the background of 40 t/ha of manure + N320P120K210. During the growing season of eggplant, 24–66 waterings (depending on weather conditions and humidity threshold) with irrigation rates of 146 and 73 m3/ha, respectively, and the introduction of 40 t/ha of manure and half the rate of mineral fertilizers with three nitrogen fertilizations, provides the highest fruit yield – 62.3–63.6 t/ha.

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