Modern epidemiological features of infections associated with the provision of health care (IPHC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Kh.H. Jafarova ◽  
◽  
F.Sh. Taghiyeva ◽  
V.N. Vakilov ◽  
V.Ch. Jalilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Key Words Infections

Infection with IPHC occurs in medical institutions together with the underlying disease, complicates its clinical course, complicates the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, complicates the prognosis and outcome of the disease, and sometimes leads to the death of the patient. The main task of the hospital staff is to completely and quickly restore the health of hospitalized patients and create safe and comfortable conditions for them there. To do this, it is necessary to study the epidemiological characteristics of IPHC and implement their prevention and control. Key words: infections associated with the provision of medical care, nosocomial infections, epidemiological features, risk factors

scholarly journals Infection control practices and challenges in Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicentre cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 175717742110127
Author(s):  
Salma Abbas ◽  
Faisal Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
And Control

Background: Patient and staff safety at healthcare facilities during outbreaks hinges on a prompt infection prevention and control response. Physicians leading these programmes have encountered numerous obstacles during the pandemic. Aim/objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate infection prevention and control practices and explore the challenges in Pakistan during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and administered a survey to physicians leading infection prevention and control programmes at 18 hospitals in Pakistan. Results: All participants implemented universal masking, limited the intake of patients and designated separate triage areas, wards and intensive care units for coronavirus disease 2019 patients at their hospitals. Eleven (61%) physicians reported personal protective equipment shortages. Staff at three (17%) hospitals worked without the appropriate personal protective equipment due to limited supplies. All participants felt overworked and 17 (94%) reported stress. Physicians identified the lack of negative pressure rooms, fear and anxiety among hospital staff, rapidly evolving guidelines, personal protective equipment shortages and opposition from hospital staff regarding the choice of recommended personal protective equipment as major challenges during the pandemic. Discussion: The results of this study highlight the challenges faced by physicians leading infection prevention and control programmes in Pakistan. It is essential to support infection prevention and control personnel and bridge the identified gaps to ensure patient and staff safety at healthcare facilities.

scholarly journals Mumps epidemic in orthodox religious low-vaccination communities in the Netherlands and Canada, 2007 to 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
C C Wielders ◽  
R S van Binnendijk ◽  
B E Snijders ◽  
G A Tipples ◽  
J Cremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Mumps Virus ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

We assessed the epidemiological characteristics of a mumps virus epidemic (genotype D) that occurred in the Netherlands between August 2007 and May 2009 and its association with a subsequent mumps outbreak in Canada. In the Netherlands, five data sources were used: notifications (only mandatory since the end of 2008) (56 cases), laboratory confirmation data (177 cases), a sentinel general practitioner (GP) database (275 cases), hospitalisation data (29 cases) and weekly virological reports (96 cases). The median age of cases in the notification, laboratory and GP databases ranged from 13 to 15 years. The proportion of cases that were unvaccinated ranged from 65% to 85% in the notification, laboratory and GP databases. Having orthodox Protestant beliefs was the main reason for not being vaccinated. In Canada, a mumps virus strain indistinguishable from the Dutch epidemic strain was detected between February and October 2008 in an orthodox Protestant community with historical and family links to the affected community in the Netherlands, suggesting that spread to Canada had occurred. Prevention and control of vaccine-preventable diseases among population subgroups with low vaccination coverage remains a priority.

Recent epidemiological trends in extrapulmonary TB in Galicia, Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-381
Author(s):  
L. Ferreiro ◽  
A. Ruano-Raviña ◽  
R. Otero-Mallo ◽  
C. Pou-Álvarez ◽  
V. Riveiro-Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological trends and characteristics of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in Galicia, Spain, from 2000 to 2019.METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study based on data from the Galician TB information system.RESULTS: Of the total number of TB cases (n = 15,871), 5,428 (34.2%) had EPTB. The absolute number of cases and incidence of EPTB decreased dramatically (from 480 cases and 17.8 cases/100,000 in 2000, to 172 and 6.4 cases/100,000 in 2019, respectively), with a mean annual decrease of respectively 64% and 4.7% for absolute cases and incidence rates. The risk for EPTB was higher in men than in women (RR 3.86, 95% CI 3.66–4.07). The most frequent age group was 15–44 years (2,234 patients, 41.2%); overall reductions per age group were 82% (0–14 years), 75% (15–44 years), 44% (45–64 years) and 63% (≥65 years), with statistically significant differences. The most frequently locations were the pleura (1,916 cases; 35.3%) and the lymph nodes (1,504; 27.7%).CONCLUSION: The incidence of EPTB in Galicia has decreased significantly in the last 20 years. The epidemiological characteristics have not changed, except for the number of patients with risk factors. This improvement of EPTB epidemiological trends coincides with the implementation of the programme for the prevention and control of TB, which suggests that it has been very effective in the control of the EPTB.

Epidemiological characteristics and clinical analyses of chronic cutaneous wounds of inpatients in China: Prevention and control

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-630
Author(s):  
Biao Cheng ◽  
Yufeng Jiang ◽  
Xiaobing Fu ◽  
Daifeng Hao ◽  
Hongwei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Cutaneous Wounds ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

scholarly journals Characteristics of confirmed coronavirus disease cases at the south campus of Shanghai East Hospital: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenghui Fan ◽  
Lihong Qu ◽  
Zhongliang Guo ◽  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
The South ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: A fever outpatient clinic at the south campus of Shanghai East Hospital (SEH) openedin response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. We analyzed the data of all 11,972patients who visited the fever clinic and the 29 confirmed COVID-19 cases to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases diagnosed at SEH.Methods: Data were collected from all fever outpatient clinic patients between January 23 and September 30, 2020. We compared the characteristics of confirmed patients, including age, occupation, area, symptoms, laboratory results, and computed tomography (CT) findings, according to month.Results: By September 30, 2020, 11,972 patients, including 29 (0.24%) confirmed COVID-19 cases, visited the clinic. Four of five confirmed domestic cases identified during January–February 2020 were from Wuhan (mainly elderly retirees and local employees), Hubei. After the epidemic spread internationally, all 22 confirmed cases identified during March–April 2020 were individuals who returned from abroad. They were predominantly young Chinese international students. The sporadic two confirmed cases during May–September 2020 included an employee returning to work from Hubei and an Indian servant from abroad. Symptoms, laboratory tests, and CT findings were consistent with previous reports of COVID-19-positive cases.Conclusions: The characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases at SEH varied among different periods in response to the spread of the pandemic. However, due to the effective early isolation and quarantine measures, no outbreak occurred in SEH, which contributed to the prevention and control of the epidemic in Shanghai.

scholarly journals Reflection on There Form of China's Emergency Medical Insurance System Based on the Prevention and Control of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Cheng ◽  
Meng Luo ◽  
Shaohua Li
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Medical Security ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objective: Based on the Prevention and Control of COVID-19, this paper points out the shortcomings of China's current medical insurance system, and puts forward the concept of establishing emergency medical insurance system.Methods: This paper analyzes the characteristics of the modern epidemic and its special requirements for medical insurance. Putting forward the idea of mechanism construction.Results:The operation of China's national medical insurance system is mainly operated by the insured, the government, medical institutions and medical institutions. However, the rapid spread of the epidemic has caused great disasters to the society. In the face of major public health events, medical insurance should have four characteristics: the "normalization" of the emergency medical insurance system, the fairness of guarantees, the public quality of treatment and positive externalities. China should establish an emergency system in line with these four characteristics from the four parties. Therefore, this paper analyzes the characteristics of modern epidemic risk, its development process and the requirements for the insurance industry in combination with the situation of China's response to dealing with COVID-19, and puts forward that China should further improve the universal medical insurance system and establish an emergency medical security system to better deal with all kinds of sudden public health events, which will still happen in the future.Conclusions:China's national medical insurance system should not be limited to meet people's conventional medical needs. When public health emergencies occur, it is also necessary to establish a sound medical insurance system to operate.The establishment of emergency medical security system is one of the important development directions of our country in the future.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijie Chen ◽  
Ye Chen ◽  
Baijun Sun ◽  
Lihai Wen ◽  
Xiangdong An
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Since 2011, there has been an increase in the incidence of scarlet fever across China. The main objective of this study was to depict the spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China, in 2018 so as to provide the scientific basis for effective strategies of scarlet control and prevention. Methods Excel 2010 was used to demonstrate the temporal distribution at the month level and ArcGIS10.3 was used to demonstrate the spatial distribution at the district/county level. Moran’s autocorrelation coefficient was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation and the Getis-Ord statistic was used to determine the hot-spot areas of scarlet fever. Results A total of 2314 scarlet fever cases were reported in Shenyang in 2018 with an annual incidence of 31.24 per 100,000. The incidence among males was higher than that among females(p<0.001). A vast majority of the cases (96.89%) were among children aged 3 to 11 years. The highest incidence was 625.34/100,000 in children aged 5–9 years. In 2018 there were two seasonal peaks of scarlet fever in June (summer-peak) and December (winter-peak). The incidence of scarlet fever in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas(p<0.001). The incidence of scarlet fever was randomly distributed in Shenyang. There are hotspot areas located in seven districts. Conclusions Urban areas are the hot spots of scarlet fever and joint prevention and control measures between districts should be applied. Children aged 3–11 are the main source of scarlet fever and therefore the introduction of prevention and control into kindergarten and primary schools may be key to the control of scarlet fever epidemics.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

Open Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Lin ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Jun Cheng ◽  
Changgui Sun
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Control Work ◽  
Clinical Prevention ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

AbstractBackgroundThis research is aimed to study the resistance and molecular epidemiological characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP).Methodology38 isolated CRKP strains were collected from clinical specimens.ResultsThe resistance rates were more than 70.0%. Ampicillin had the highest rates among them (100.0%). 34 strains (89.5%) among the 38 CRKP strains carried blaKPC-2 gene, and 3 strains (7.9%) carried blaIMP-4 gene. 36 strains (94.7%) among the 38 CRKP strains carried blaSHV gene, 29 strains (76.3%) carried blaTEM gene, and 26 strains (68.4%) carried blaCT-M gene. 7 strains (18.4%) among the 38 CRKP strains carried blaDHA-1 gene. 15 strains (39.5%) in 38 CRKP strains lost two fenestra proteins, ompK35 and ompK36, and the rest 23 strains carried ompK36 genes. 38 CRKP strains were divided into five kinds of ST types, with ST11 type as the most (86.8%, 33/38). The rest of the ST types included 2 strains of ST23 (5.3%, 2/38), one strain of ST15, ST1373 and ST1415 (2.6%, 1/38).ConclusionsCRKP resistance is severe, and the mechanism of drug resistance has become increasingly complex. Various ST types and resistance genes are related to CRKP. The clinical prevention and control work is imminent.

scholarly journals Research about the optimal strategies for prevention and control of varicella outbreak in a school in a central city of China: based on an SEIR dynamic model

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-ting Zha ◽  
Feng-rui Pang ◽  
Nan Zhou ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Central City ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Combined Interventions

Abstract Varicella is an acute respiratory infectious diseases, with high transmissibility and quick dissemination. In this study, an SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered) dynamic model was established to explore the optimal prevention and control measures according to the epidemiological characteristics about varicella outbreak in a school in a central city of China. Berkeley Madonna 8.3.18 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software were employed for the model simulation and data management, respectively. The result showed that the simulated result of SEIR model agreed well with the reported data when β (infected rate) equal to 0.067. Models showed that the cumulative number of cases was only 13 when isolation adopted when the infected individuals were identified (assuming isolation rate was up to 100%); the cumulative number of cases was only two and the TAR (total attack rate) was 0.56% when the vaccination coefficient reached 50%. The cumulative number of cases did not change significantly with the change of efficiency of ventilation and disinfection, but the peak time was delayed; when δ (vaccination coefficient) = 0.1, m (ventilation efficiency) = 0.7 or δ = 0.2, m = 0.5 or δ = 0.3, m = 0.1 or δ = 0.4 and above, the cumulative number of cases would reduce to one case and TAR would reduce to 0.28% with combined interventions. Varicella outbreak in school could be controlled through strict isolation or vaccination singly; combined interventions have been adopted when the vaccination coefficient was low.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document