PERIODONTAL RESPONSE TO CYTOSTATIC DRUGS IN CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1322-1325
Author(s):  
Yuliia V. Popelo ◽  
Pavlo I. Tkachenko ◽  
Natalia M. Lokhmatova
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Preoperative Treatment ◽  
Cytostatic Drugs ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Gingival Margin ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Different Types

The aim: To study the effect of different types of cytostatic drugs on the periodontium in children with malignant tumors. Material and methods: The material for generalization was based at the results of examination of 44 patients with malignant tumors of the abdominal cavity who underwent preoperative treatment in the oncohematology department of Poltava Children’s City Clinical Hospital. Results: In the absence of proper dental care in patients of this group, under the influence of chemotherapeutic drugs, significantly worsens the level of oral hygiene and the condition of periodontal tissues. There are also changes in the process of differentiation of the epithelial structures of the gingival margin, which is accompanied by an increase in smears - reprints of the number of inflammatory cells of the peripheral blood, both with preserved structure and destructive forms. Conclusions: In children with malignant tumors, during antitumor therapy, there is a decrease in the level of hygiene of the oral cavity, accompanied by morphological destructive changes in the integumentary epithelial layer of the gingival margin. The severity of these disorders depends on the type and dose of cytostatic drugs, which should be considered in the formation of treatment and prevention measures for them.

scholarly journals DEPENDENCE OF CHANGES IN THE HYGIENIC CONDITION OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND PERIODONTIUM IN CHILDREN WITH MALIGNANT TUMORS ON THE DURATION OF POLYCHEMYTHERAPY AND QUANTITIES OF CYTOSTATIC DRUGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Popelo
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Cytostatic Drugs ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Hygienic Condition

It is known that the course of cancer and chemotherapy adversely affect the components of homeostasis of the oral cavity, which causes stomatotoxicity. However, scientific publications have not yet provided generalized results of research on the pathogenetic mechanisms of the dental pathology formation during chemotherapy, which constitutes the relevance of this publication. The aim of the research was to study the effect of different regimens of the second course of chemo- therapy on the hygienic condition of the oral cavity and periodontium in children with malignant tumors of the abdominal cavity. The dissatisfaction with our results obtained after the first course of chemotherapy on various regimens prompted us to further research. A survey of two previously formed clinical groups was performed. All of them resumed the treatment in the oncohematology department of the Poltava Children's City Clinical Hospital following a 3-4 week break between courses. Each patient was treated according to an individual program but in the absence of dental care. The dental status was assessed using the Green-Vermillion, Papillary-Marginal-Alveolar (PMA), and Pa- pilla Bleeding Index. The study of cytograms from the surface of the gingival margin of the frontal part of the mandible was carried out taking into account the methodology developed by our department's staff. The calculation was per- formed in 10 visual fields. Statistical processing was performed according to standard conditions. Research results and their discussion. It should be noted that in the comparative aspect, the indexes of Green-Vermillion, PMA, and RВI at the end of the first year were 1,8, 1,3, and 1,6 times worse than in the second observation group which received more cytostatic drugs. At the end of the second course of chemotherapy, the dryness of the mucous membrane accompanied by a decrease in oral fluid, which became viscous, was observed in 14 children (70,0%) of the first and 18 of the second group (85.7%). In addition, 15 people in the first group (75,0%) and 19 in the second one (90,4%) complained of pain and bleeding gums, which worsened when eating. At the same time, all children noted pain in the muscles that are adjacent to the lower jaw and involved in articulation. On external examination, only 2 children of the first (10,0%) and 1 of the second group (5%) had a red normal-coloured lip border, while the rest had exfoliation, cracks, and angular cheilitis. The oral mucosa mostly looked pale and pasty, except for 7 people of the second group (35,0%), who had manifestations of erythema. Localized erosions covered with fibrinous plaque were detected in 4 of these patients (20,0%) on the background of erythema. In addition, 12 children (60,0%) of the first group and 19 children of the second one (85.7%) showed swelling and redness of the gingival marginal edge, and the probing of the gingival sulcus provoked bleeding in all children of both groups. Green-Vermillion indexes increased by 1,5 and 1,7 times in the first and second groups, PMA increased by 1,4 times in both groups, and RВI was 1,4 and 1,5 times higher in the respective compared groups. The examination of cytograms revealed more pronounced changes in the second group where the epithelium with signs of intermediate stages of the differentiation prevailed. There was increased desquamation of the superficial layer of the gums and the increased number of peripheral blood elements, especially destroyed neutrophils. Thus, the generalization of the results obtained at the end of the second course of chemotherapy showed that the Green-Vermillion index was 1,8 times higher, and PMA and SВI indices were 1,4 times higher in the second observation group which received more cytostatics. That is, the severity of the manifestations of dental status disorders is directly proportional to the severity of the regimen. Conclusion. The prolongation of the second course of chemotherapy in children with abdominal malignant tumors provoked a significant deterioration of dental status. Major changes occurred in the group of children who received more cytostatic drugs simultaneously, which requires a balanced approach to designing differentiated treatment plans and prevention measures depending on the complexity of antitumor therapy regimens. Prospects for further research. The obtained results indicate the need to develop a set of differentiated treatment and prevention measures aimed at eliminating or improving changes in children that occur in the oral cavity under the influence of polychemotherapy.

scholarly journals Clinical evaluation of complex treatment and prevention of generalized periodontitis in patients with type I diabetes mellitus with cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-427
Author(s):  
R. Y. Shkrebnyuk ◽  
V. T. Dyryk ◽  
O. M. Vynogradova ◽  
N. I. Bodnaruk ◽  
O. V. Zubachyk
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Type I Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Annotation. Diabetes mellitus is an acute problem, as evidenced by the large number of people suffering from this disease, and the tendency to significantly increase the incidence rate. The most serious complications of diabetes include cardiomyopathy, the pathogenetic aspects of which are being actively studied. Widespread inflammatory-dystrophic periodontal disease and an increase in the proportion of generalized periodontitis in patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by cardiomyopathy, makes the problem of effective treatment and prevention of this pathology among the most relevant. The purpose of the study: clinical evaluation of complex treatment and prevention of generalized periodontitis in patients with type I diabetes mellitus with cardiomyopathy according to the developed algorithm. Comprehensive treatment and prevention measures were performed in 127 patients with generalized periodontitis on the background of type I diabetes mellitus with cardiomyopathy, of which 82 patients were the main group, where treatment was carried out using our proposed treatment and prevention algorithm. The control group, in which treatment was carried out according to protocol methods, consisted of 45 patients. Clinical visual examination and determination of paraclinical indices were performed on day 30 after treatment. Statistical calculation of digital values was performed on a Pentium II computer using the statistical software package “Statgraphic 2.3” and “Microsoft Excel 2000”, the significance of changes was evaluated by t-test. As a result of the research it was found that on average, 30 days after treatment, in the main group where we used the proposed pharmacotherapy, “normalization” of periodontal tissues was studied in 26.83 % of patients, “improvement” – in 30.49 % of patients’ treatment was ineffective in 42.68 % of patients, with a reliability of p>0.05. In patients of the control group, where traditional treatment and prevention measures were used to treat generalized periodontitis, on average, “normalization” of periodontal tissue was recorded in 17.78 % of patients, “improvement” of periodontal tissue was found in 28.89 % of patients. Treatment was ineffective in 53.33 % of patients. Thus, as a result of research, it can be argued that in patients with generalized periodontitis on the background of type I diabetes mellitus complicated by cardiomyopathy, whose treatment was carried out using our treatment and prevention algorithm, which included local measures and general appointments, significantly improved periodontal tissues, as confirmed by clinical observation. In the control group, where traditional treatment regimens were used, the treatment of generalized periodontitis was ineffective. In further studies, it is planned to study the microbiome of the oral cavity in patients with generalized periodontitis on the background of type I diabetes mellitus complicated by cardiomyopathy.

Graft detachments in endothelial keratoplasty

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-318092
Author(s):  
Rashmi Deshmukh ◽  
Sridevi Nair ◽  
Darren Shu Jeng Ting ◽  
Tushar Agarwal ◽  
Jacqueline Beltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Secondary Interventions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Donor Graft

Graft detachment is the most common complication of endothelial keratoplasty. With the ongoing advancements in the field of endothelial keratoplasty, our understanding of risk factors of graft detachments and its management has been evolving. Various prevention measures have been described in literature including presoaking the donor graft, anterior chamber tamponade, venting incisions, sutures to prevent dislocation of graft. Management of a detached graft involves secondary interventions such as rebubbling, suturing and regrafts. In this review, we discuss graft detachment in different types of endothelial keratoplasty techniques including Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty, Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty and Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty; with emphasis on incidence, risk factors, preventive measures and their management.

scholarly journals MiRNA Expression in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Frequent Localizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Alexandra Korotaeva ◽  
Danzan Mansorunov ◽  
Natalya Apanovich ◽  
Anna Kuzevanova ◽  
Alexander Karpukhin
Keyword(s):  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
First Time ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are infrequent malignant tumors of a neuroendocrine nature that arise in various organs. They occur most frequently in the lungs, intestines, stomach and pancreas. Molecular diagnostics and prognosis of NEN development are highly relevant. The role of clinical biomarkers can be played by microRNAs (miRNAs). This work is devoted to the analysis of data on miRNA expression in NENs. For the first time, a search for specificity or a community of their functional characteristics in different types of NEN was carried out. Their properties as biomarkers were also analyzed. To date, more than 100 miRNAs have been characterized as differentially expressed and significant for the development of NEN tumors. Only about 10% of the studied miRNAs are expressed in several types of NEN; differential expression of the remaining 90% was found only in tumors of specific localizations. A significant number of miRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers. However, only a few miRNAs have values that characterized their quality as markers. The analysis demonstrates the predominant specific expression of miRNA in each studied type of NEN. This indicates that miRNA’s functional features are predominantly influenced by the tissue in which they are formed.

scholarly journals Marginal Adaptation and Micropermeability of Class II Cavities Restored with Three Different Types of Resin Composites—A Comparative Ten-Month In Vitro Study

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1660
Author(s):  
Sevda Mihailova Yantcheva
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Marginal Adaptation ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Polymerization Shrinkage ◽  
Gingival Margin ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ageing Period

The development of composite materials is subject to the desire to overcome polymerization shrinkage and generated polymerization stress. An indicator characterizing the properties of restorative materials, with specific importance for preventing secondary caries, is the integrity and durability of marginal sealing. It is a reflection of the effects of polymerization shrinkage and generated stress. The present study aimed to evaluate and correlate marginal integrity and micropermeability in second-class cavities restored with three different types of composites, representing different strategies to reduce polymerization shrinkage and stress: nanocomposite, silorane, and bulk-fill composite after a ten-month ageing period. Thirty standardized class ΙΙ cavities were prepared on extracted human molars. Gingival margins were 1 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. Cavities were randomly divided into three groups, based on the composites used: FiltekUltimate-nanocomposite; Filtek Silorane LS-silorane; SonicFill-bulk-fill composite. All specimens were subjected to thermal cycles after that, dipped in saline for 10-mounds. After ageing, samples were immersed in a 2% methylene blue. Thus prepared, they were covered directly with gold and analyzed on SEM for assessment of marginal seal. When the SEM analysis was completed, the teeth were included into epoxy blocks and cut longitudinally on three slices for each cavity. An assessment of microleakage on stereomicroscope followed. Results were statistically analyzed. For marginal seal evaluation: F.Ultimate and F.Silorane differ statistically with more excellent results than SonicFill for marginal adaptation to the gingival margin, located entirely in the dentin. For microleakage evaluation: F.Ultimate and F.Silorane differ statistically with less microleakage than SonicFill. Based on the results obtained: a strong correlation is found between excellent results for marginal adaptation to the marginal gingival ridge and micropermeability at the direction to the axial wall. We observe a more significant influence of time at the gingival margin of the cavities. There is a significant increase in the presence of marginal fissures (p = 0.001). A significant impact of time (p < 0.000) and of the material (p < 0.000) was found in the analysis of the microleakage.

scholarly journals The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Regulation of the Proto-Oncogene MYC in Different Types of Cancer

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 921
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Mikhailovna Stasevich ◽  
Matvey Mikhailovich Murashko ◽  
Lyudmila Sergeevna Zinevich ◽  
Denis Eriksonovich Demin ◽  
Anton Markovich Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Specific Tumor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Myc Gene ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Tumor Types

Alterations in the expression level of the MYC gene are often found in the cells of various malignant tumors. Overexpressed MYC has been shown to stimulate the main processes of oncogenesis: uncontrolled growth, unlimited cell divisions, avoidance of apoptosis and immune response, changes in cellular metabolism, genomic instability, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Thus, controlling the expression of MYC is considered as an approach for targeted cancer treatment. Since c-Myc is also a crucial regulator of many cellular processes in healthy cells, it is necessary to find ways for selective regulation of MYC expression in tumor cells. Many recent studies have demonstrated that non-coding RNAs play an important role in the regulation of the transcription and translation of this gene and some RNAs directly interact with the c-Myc protein, affecting its stability. In this review, we summarize current data on the regulation of MYC by various non-coding RNAs that can potentially be targeted in specific tumor types.

scholarly journals Larva of greater wax moth Galleria mellonella is a suitable alternative host for the fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winarti Achmad Sarmin Djainal ◽  
Khalid Shahin ◽  
Alexandra Adams ◽  
Andrew Desbois
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Important Food Source ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Lethal Doses

Abstract Background Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno) is the etiological agent of francisellosis in cultured warm water fish, such as tilapia. Antibiotics are administered to treat the disease but a better understanding of Fno infection biology will inform improved treatment and prevention measures. However, studies with native hosts are costly and considerable benefits would derive from access to a practical alternative host. Here, larvae of Galleria mellonella were assessed for suitability to study Fno virulence. Results Larvae were killed by Fno in a dose-dependent manner but the insects could be rescued from lethal doses of bacteria by antibiotic therapy. Infection progression was assessed by histopathology (haematoxylin and eosin staining, Gram Twort and immunohistochemistry) and enumeration of bacteria recovered from the larval haemolymph on selective agar. Fno was phagocytosed and could survive intracellularly, which is consistent with observations in fish. Virulence of five Fno isolates showed strong agreement between G. mellonella and red Nile tilapia hosts. Conclusions This study shows that an alternative host, G. mellonella, can be applied to understand Fno infections, which will assist efforts to identify solutions to piscine francisellosis thus securing the livelihoods of tilapia farmers worldwide and ensuring the production of this important food source.

scholarly journals TC2N: A Novel Vital Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene In Cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyang Li ◽  
He Fang ◽  
Li Chang ◽  
Shuang Qiu ◽  
Xiaojun Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Gene ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
C2 Domain ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
C2 Domains ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Shock Proteins

Several C2 domain-containing proteins play key roles in tumorigenesis, signal transduction, and mediating protein–protein interactions. Tandem C2 domains nuclear protein (TC2N) is a tandem C2 domain-containing protein that is differentially expressed in several types of cancers and is closely associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Notably, TC2N has been identified as an oncogene in lung and gastric cancer but as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. Recently, a large number of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), such as heat shock proteins, alpha-fetoprotein, and carcinoembryonic antigen, have been identified in a variety of malignant tumors. Differences in the expression levels of TAAs between cancer cells and normal cells have led to these antigens being investigated as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as novel targets in cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the clinical characteristics of TC2N-positive cancers and potential mechanisms of action of TC2N in the occurrence and development of specific cancers. This article provides an exploration of TC2N as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of different types of cancers.

THE EFFECT OF CYTOSTATIC DRUGS ON THROMBOCYTOPOIESIS IN RATS WITH WALKER-256 CARCINOMA

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Balykova L.A. ◽  
Siprov A.V. ◽  
Inchina V.I. ◽  
Tarasova T.V. ◽  
Mosina L.M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Cytostatic Drugs ◽  
Liposomal Form ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Search Field ◽  
Walker 256 ◽  
Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine Succinate

Among malignant neoplasms of women, breast cancer (BC) takes the leading place and is the cause of high mortality and complications. Side effects in the form of anemia, thrombocytopenia, bleeding, etc. often develop during cytostatic therapy, which is the main method of treatment and prevention of further development of the oncological process. In this regard, the problem of reducing side metabolic disorders remains relevant and creates a search field for the use of drugs aimed at stabilizing functions, both at the cellular and organ levels. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of cytostatic drugs on thrombocytopoiesis in rats with WALKER-256 carcinoma. The study included 60 rats, which, depending on the type of treatment, were divided into 5 groups. A week after the start of chemotherapy, the greatest increase in the number of platelets was in the presence of liposomal ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate. We recorded that the myeloprotective effect was 1/3 better in liposomal ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate compared to its non-liposomal form. Therefore, individuals those receiving cytostatic drugs in the treatment of breast cancer need protection from myelopoiesis. In the studies carried out by us, it was shown that oxidative stress occurred in animals against the background of treatment with cytostatics. It was its rapid development that caused damage to the platelet cell membranes. In this regard, we have proposed a drug with a pronounced antioxidant efficacy. The introduction of an antioxidant into the generally accepted standard treatment of a tumor process has made it possible to experimentally select methods for delivering the drug to the targets of damage using liposomal forms. The study obtained data proving the effectiveness of the use of liposomal ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate (50 mg / kg), in contrast to its free form, which prevents the development of thrombocytopenia induced by the administration of cytostatic drugs to rats with Walker-256 carcinoma.

Metastasis of missed cholangiocarcinoma in the left lobethrough abdominal wall laparoscopic port-site and umbilicus after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: case report and literature review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesheng Huang ◽  
Hongyi Li ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Jinghua Jiang ◽  
Wanchun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Port Site ◽  
Laparoscopic Port ◽  
Missed Diagnosis ◽  
Upper Abdominal

Abstract Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been widely used by surgeons. However, a serious but rare condition may be happened, which is the missed diagnosis of intraperitoneal malignant tumor. If the malignancy exists, the changes of the abdominal environment or the laparoscopic operation might brought the cancer cells to the abdominal cavity or the abdominal wall. The missed laparoscopic malignant tumors are prone to metastasis, especially at the laparoscopic port-site. More extreme condition will be located in the navel, which is known as Sister Mary Joseph’s nodule(SMJN).Case presentation: A 63-year-old female who had undergone cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy ten months ago was hospitalized for upper abdominal pain. Laboratory examination indicated that the most of tumor markers were increased. CT scan revealed that there was a diffused irregular and progressively enhanced mass around the left lobe bile duct, multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the abdominal cavity and multiple nodular lesions were found under the costal margin of the right upper abdominal wall, right lower abdominal wall and the umbilicus. Biopsy of the nodules under the original surgical scar showed an infiltrative or metastatic middle differentiated adenocarcinoma. So the diagnosis was left lobe cholangiocarcinoma of the liver, multiple lymph nodes metastasis in the abdominal cavity and multiple implant metastasis in abdominal wall laparoscopic port-site and umbilical.Conclusion: In laparoscopic cholecystectomy, surgeons should not only focus on the local lesions, like gallstone in biliary system, but also look around other the tissues and organs to avoid missing the abdominal malignant tumor or other lesions. When atypical symptoms or abnormalities have been found pre-operation, all abdominal organs should be evaluated in detail to avoid missed diagnosis of potential malignant tumors. On the other hand, when there is a nodule in the umbilicus, all the organs and tissues in abdomen should be examined to find the potential malignant tumor. Finally, multiple cholelithiasis in the left lobe of the liver should be regarded as a high risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma.

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