scholarly journals The role of gender in the decision to pursue a surgical career: A qualitative, interview-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Acai ◽  
Kaushar Mahetaji ◽  
Susan E. Reid ◽  
Ranil R. Sonnadara
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Surgical Career ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Experiences Of Women

Background: Previous literature has explored the underrepresentation of women in surgery. However, this research has often been quantitative or limited by considering only the perspectives and experiences of women at more advanced career stages. Here, we use a qualitative methodology and a sample of women and men across the career continuum to identify the role that gender plays in the decision to pursue a surgical career. Methods: We audio-recorded and transcribed semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 women and 12 men ranging in their level of medical training from medical students to residents to staff surgeons. We used Braun and Clarke’s six-step approach to thematic analysis to analyze the data, maintaining trustworthiness and credibility by employing strategies including reflexivity and participant input.  Results: Our findings suggested that the characteristics of surgery and early exposure to the profession served as important factors in participants’ decisions to pursue a surgical career. Although not explicitly mentioned by participants, each of these areas may implicitly be gendered. Gender-based factors explicitly mentioned by participants included the surgical lifestyle and experiences with gender discrimination, including sexual harassment. These factors were perceived as challenges that disproportionately affected women and needed to be overcome when pursuing a surgical career. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that gender is more likely to act as a barrier to a career in surgery than as a motivator, especially among women. This suggests a need for early experiences in the operating room and mentorship. Policy change promoting work-life integration and education to target gender discrimination is also recommended.

scholarly journals The Discourse of Female Photojournalists: The Imbalance between Remunerated Labor and Maternity as a Professional Calling

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-219
Author(s):  
Nathalia Cunha da Silva ◽  
Elizabeth Moraes Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Las Mujeres

This article aims to understand how female photojournalists see maternity within the profession in the contemporary world through the use of a study on the cultural and historical influence of gender roles on the performance and development of female photojournalists in the city of São Paulo. A qualitative methodology was adopted using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with nine female photojournalists from three different age groups who work both formally and informally. For the purposes of this study, we selected only the parts of the interview where the interviewees referred to their role of mother and professional. The analysis was based on a discursive approach, with theoretical support from French Discourse Analysis. The results show the influence gender roles have on forming symbolic barriers that connect having a career with an imbalance between paid work and maternity.O artigo objetiva compreender como as mulheres fotojornalistas percebem a maternidade dentro da profissão na contemporaneidade por meio de um estudo sobre a influência cultural e histórica dos papéis atribuídos de gênero na atuação e desenvolvimento feminino no fotojornalismo paulistano. A metodologia empregada é qualitativa, com uso de entrevista do tipo semiaberta. As entrevistas foram realizadas com nove mulheres que têm o fotojornalismo como principal atividade, com relações de trabalho formais e informais, divididas em três grupos etários. Para este texto foram selecionadas apenas as falas em que as entrevistadas faziam referência ao papel de mãe e profissional. O procedimento de análise seguiu uma abordagem discursiva, com subsídios teóricos na Análise do Discurso de linha francesa. Os resultados apontam a influência dos papéis atribuídos aos gêneros sobre a configuração de barreiras simbólicas que atrelam a permanência na carreira à exigência de um desequilíbrio entre trabalho remunerado e a maternidade. El artículo objetiva comprender cómo las mujeres fotoperiodistas perciben la maternidad dentro de la profesión en la contemporaneidad por medio de un estudio sobre la influencia cultural e histórica de los roles socialmente asignados de género en la actuación y el desarrollo de mujeres en el fotoperiodismo de la ciudad de Sao Paulo. La metodología empleada es cualitativa, con uso de entrevista del tipo semiabierta. Se entrevistó a nueve mujeres que actúan en el fotoperiodismo, con relaciones de trabajo formales o informales. Ellas han sido divididas en tres categorías de edad. Para este texto se seleccionaron sólo las palabras en las que las entrevistadas se referían al papel de madre y profesional. Los resultados apuntan a la influencia de los papeles atribuidos a los géneros sobre la configuración de barreras simbólicas que atrevan la permanencia en la carrera a la exigencia de un desequilibrio entre trabajo remunerado y maternidad.

LIST OF WORKS PROHIBITED FOR WOMEN: RELEVANCE, NECESSITY, SIGNIFICANCE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Krasiuk ◽  
◽  
Viktoriia Liepilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Role Of Men

In this paper we will consider the most relevant theoretical and practical aspects of the issue related to the problem of discrimination of women in Ukrainian labor law regarding their choice of profession. Vision of the role of men and women in society, their duties, prohibitions and rules were formed centuries ago, but such views have been reformed in accordance with the global development of society over the past decades. Scientific and technological progress has significantly improved the living conditions of people, including the process of working. However, the practice of countries applying restrictions on women's access to certain range of professions remains. In this regard, this article reflects the main aspects of the issue of limiting the opportunity of realizing women's labor abilities. Due attention is paid to gender-based occupational segregation, as well as gender discrimination at the legislative level. The reasons for implementing restrictions on women's access to certain professions are analyzed. The main factors that influenced the change in the position of the state on this issue are highlighted. The diametrically opposite positions and arguments on the issue of prohibition of certain types of work for women were investigated. The article examines the potential directions of state policy in the field of employment of women in heavy work and work with harmful and dangerous working conditions. The author concludes that the position of women and their status have changed which is due not only to legislative acts, political processes and achievements of scientific and technological progress, but also to changes that have taken place in the social consciousness.

‘It’s . . . forward-focused’: Experiences of a mobility clinic for people with limb loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Anderson ◽  
Lisa Chaffey ◽  
Michael Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Peer Education ◽  
Limb Loss ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mobility Training ◽  
Daily Function ◽  
Fitness Levels

Background: Mobility clinics are designed to extend gait and mobility training beyond rehabilitation programmes. No research has been undertaken into participants’ experiences of attending these multidisciplinary, experience-based clinics. Research in this area is needed to ensure clinics meet intended goals, including understanding the motivation and experience of attendees. Insights may improve mobility clinics and inform strategies to encourage greater participation. Objectives: To explore the motivation of people with limb loss to attend a mobility clinic, the experience of participation and their perception of the clinic’s benefits. Study design: Qualitative methodology, naturalistic enquiry. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine clinic attendees during the clinic. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, data thematically analysed and emergent themes underwent member checking. Results: Three themes emerged from the data: facing the challenge captured how participants’ have adapted to amputation, valuing peers highlights the important role of peers in learning and support and improving mobility described the ongoing quest to improve mobility. Conclusion: The mobility clinic was attractive to those who liked challenges and was an invaluable source of learning for those wishing to improve their mobility. Future clinics should ensure that peer education is supported, and activities cater for a range of skills and fitness levels. Clinical relevance Findings of this study indicate that those who attended the mobility clinic liked to challenge themselves. Participation with peers was an important source of learning and support. Those participants who had previously attended a mobility clinic reported improvements in their overall daily function.

scholarly journals Researchers as knowledge brokers: A step toward research-informed policy? Lessons from the Israeli case

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Rony Ramot ◽  
Gadi Bialik
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Research Utilization ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Common ◽  
Knowledge Brokers ◽  
Future Policy

In the 1970s, the role of “chief scientist” was established in Israel as part of a knowledge mediation model aimed to promote research-informed policy and narrow the academia-field-policy gap. This paper examines how when researchers cross the boundary toward a policy role and serve as knowledge brokers, they may promote research utilization in policy. This sheds light on a key issue in the field of education research, specifically, what conditions or circumstances contribute to the maximization of research utilization and the implementation of research-based policy recommendations. Using qualitative methodology, we conducted semi-structured interviews with past chief scientists and analyzed newspaper articles to understand the complex nature of the role and to propose practical suggestions for improving its construction in future policy beyond the Israeli context. Despite the positive aura surrounding the common use of intermediaries, the issue of promoting such entities at the national educational level has not yet been realized in a coherent, stand-alone policy globally.

scholarly journals Building Interdisciplinary Teams in Emergency Care to Respond to National Emergencies: Addressing the Opioid Epidemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Guerrero ◽  
Jemima A. Frimpong ◽  
Angelique Hearn ◽  
Veronica Serret ◽  
Welmoed K. van Deen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Care ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge ◽  
Building Activities

This study responds to the gap in knowledge in translating team members’ interdisciplinary knowledge to address wicked problems. We use qualitative methodology to understand the team-building process and response to the opioid epidemic in emergency care. We collected data through direct observation of nine health system science researchers and thought leaders as they performed in team-building activities and semi-structured interviews. The cultural exchange framework informed our selection and assessment of team-building activities, and the science of team science (SciTS) framework informed our understanding of promoting interdisciplinary collaborations. We identified six themes representing three areas: (1) Knowledge Building and Strategy Development (need for interdisciplinary understanding of substance abuse and mental health in the emergency department (ED); interdisciplinary approaches to fight the opioid epidemic in the ED); (2) Team Demographics and Collaboration (prescribing and collaboration; the role of interdisciplinary team composition and effectiveness in the ED); and (3) Identity and Relationship Building (role of professional identity in contributing to interdisciplinary research; building effective organizational relationships in the ED). Members’ personal and professional connections are fundamental for developing nuanced interdisciplinary strategies to respond to the opioid epidemic in the ED. We discuss implications for strategies that promote team building and improve treatment practices.

scholarly journals Cooperation Networks and Embeddedness—The Case of the Portuguese Footwear Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9612
Author(s):  
Rúben Rocha ◽  
Anderson Rei Galvão ◽  
Carla Susana Marques ◽  
Carla Mascarenhas ◽  
Vítor Braga
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internationalization Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Data Coding ◽  
Business Association ◽  
Practical Implications

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of embeddedness and cooperation networks in the business internationalization process. To achieve the abovementioned purpose, a qualitative methodology was carefully chosen, through which semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten entrepreneurs of the footwear sector in Portugal, as well as with a head of the national footwear business association. In order to process the data obtained by conducting the interviews, content analysis and data coding through the NVivo software were performed. The results suggest that internationalization is essential for companies in the Portuguese footwear sector. In addition to internationalization helping companies to increase their turnover, it allows companies to grow in a more sustainable way. On the other hand, research also allows us to deduce that networks play an important role in the development of the organizations in question, as they facilitate access to various resources indispensable to this growth. Concerning embeddedness, this aspect presents itself as a facet to which special attention should be paid, considering the pre-eminence that respondents attribute to all variables that help to structure this dimension. The conclusions of this study have theoretical and practical implications, which provide empirical evidence of how the internationalization process can influence the activity of Portuguese companies in the footwear sector. In addition, the results contribute to the evolution of existing knowledge about how embeddedness and cooperation networks facilitate the internationalization process.

Negotiating for Justice: Judge's Perception of the Plea-Bargaining Process in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Zaiton Hamin ◽  
Ahmad Ridhwan Abd Rani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Plea Bargaining ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Plea Bargain ◽  
Bargaining Process ◽  
The Law

Objective - This paper aims to examine the role of judges and the reality of the plea-bargaining process from the perspective of the judiciary, focusing primarily on their perceptions on the new law and their role and the problems facing them in implementing the law. Methodology/Technique - This paper adopts a qualitative methodology, in which the primary data is obtained from semi-structured interviews with 20 respondents comprising of the stakeholders in the criminal justice system. The secondary data is obtained from analysing the CPC and other library-based sources. Findings - The research reveals that judges are facing some problems derived from the law itself which makes the new plea-bargaining process unappealing to them. Consequently, judges have invented their solutions either by reverting to the old practice or imposing on the parties their terms in disposing of the case through judge-prompted plea-bargain. Novelty - This paper is significant in providing some evidence of the procedural difficulties faced by judges in hearing plea-bargaining application at the pre-trial stage. Type of Paper - Review Keywords: Criminal Procedure; Judiciary; Pre-trial Stage; Plea-Bargaining Process; Plea of Guilty. JEL Classification: K40, K49

Understanding the Role of Social Networks in Consumer Behavior in Tourism

2020 ◽  
pp. 367-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Ferreira ◽  
Bruno Barbosa Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Direct Channel ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Hotel Sector ◽  
Constant Growth

This research seeks to understand the type of influence that the hotel sector in Portugal can achieve in its consumers, being the tourism sector an area in constant growth. To that end, a qualitative methodology was adopted, using semi-structured interviews, as a data collection tool to understand the type of use that hotels attribute to social networks, as well as the results obtained from their practices. In the investigation nine hotels were analyzed, presenting a diversified sample between the participants in terms of capacity, as well as recognition, proving that, in a general way, social networks help in the divulgation of the hotel, presenting these as a direct channel for consumers, facilitating brand exposure as well as interaction with customers.

Gender-biased office culture in Croatian PR industry: why feminine sectors practice masculine patterns?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Polić ◽  
Mirela Holy
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advancement Opportunities ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Experiences Of Women ◽  
Office Culture

PurposeThis paper aimed to research attitudes of women working in the Croatian public relations (PR) industry regarding office culture (networking, banter, dress codes, etc.).Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses Bourdieu's habitus theory and analyses the experiences of women working in the Croatian PR industry with a focus on office culture. The study is based on 21 in-depth interviews with women working in the Croatian PR industry. Thematic analysis has been used to analyse data.FindingsAlthough female employees (76.84%) dominate the PR industry in Croatia, the so-called masculine patterns still prevail in the PR sector. Results show that women are often exposed to gender discrimination but at the same time, they also perpetuate gender-based prejudices.Practical implicationsEmployees in the PR industry should consider working on their own gender stereotypes that impact their patterns of behaviour. Relinquishment of the ideas of patriarchal essentialism would consequently change career progression opportunities, and it would particularly improve networking among women, which could lead to career advancement opportunities.Social implicationsStructural changes are needed in society to avoid women perpetuating inequality through masculine behaviour and unrealistic expectations that many women cannot meet.OriginalityTo the best of the author's knowledge, this paper is the first paper that explores gender-biased office culture in the Croatian PR industry. In doing so, the paper also applies Bourdieu's habitus theory, thus contributing to studying cultural masculinities from a Croatian perspective. The paper also introduces the concept of gender-biased behaviour.

scholarly journals How Taiwanese Preschool Educators View Play and Apply It in Their Teaching

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Yen Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Structured Learning ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
Preschool Educators ◽  
Valuable Role

In this research I investigated the views preschool educators in Taiwan on play and the role of play in the curriculum. Adopting a qualitative methodology, I conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 educators at preschools affiliated with elementary schools. The results indicate that preschool educators generally agree that, in addition to being a source of happiness for children, play also promotes learning and development. Thus play is seen as a meaningful learning activity which has a unique and valuable role in the preschool curriculum. However, the findings also indicate that participants need to give more attention to observing and understanding their children’s abilities, interests, and developmental stages, so as to adopt a suitable role in various types of play and find the optimal balance between play and structured learning.

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