scholarly journals Parasites on Waves: The Political Potential of Radio Transmission in the Works of Katarzyna Krakowiak

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Wódz
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Early History ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Wireless Broadcast ◽  
Friedrich Kittler ◽  
Contemporary Reality ◽  
Contemporary Artists

Radio, as it was argued by Friedrich Kittler, already in its early history was regarded as a tool allowing for making politics. Although nowadays it may seem to be an example of dated technology, overturned by other, newer media, the question of how the political potential recognized in radio in the early 20th century translates into contemporary reality, is still worth asking. Perhaps some general qualities of that medium can be described by observing how radio is used by contemporary artists. By placing wireless broadcast in the center of interest, transmission art – the term coined at the end of the 1990s – allows to embrace a wide spectrum of artistic practices presenting the issue of transmission as political at its core. On the examples of radio-based projects by Katarzyna Krakowiak: parasitic Free Radio Jaffa and Reconstruction of the Shipyard’s Broadcasting Centre set against the historical background of Krzysztof Wodiczko’s works I am going to pose the question if the transmission art projects can nowadays fulfill the subversive potential recognized in radio almost 100 years earlier.

Ende der Neuen Musik

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-213
Author(s):  
Christoph Von Blumröder
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Music Theory ◽  
Contemporary Music ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
The Political ◽  
German Language ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
A Current

The term "Neue Musik" was coined for a special concept of fundamental musical innovation within Austro-German music theory of the early 20th century, and it found no terminological equivalent beyond the German language. Established by Paul Bekker with his lecture “Neue Musik” in 1919, composers such as Stockhausen or Ligeti embraced the term with its emphatic claim to innovation and new departures. However, one hundred years on the term "Neue Musik" is often used mainly as a synonym for any type of contemporary music. This article questions whether the term "Neue Musik" is still an appropriate framework for a current theory of musical composition. Not only have the specific musical circumstances changed within the course of the 20th century, but also the political and social conditions have altered drastically after two world wars which had given special impulses to those composers who strove for a new foundation of music after 1918 and 1945 respectively. This article argues that the age of "Neue Musik" has come to an end in the late 20th century, and thus it is now necessary to introduce alternative terminological concepts and methodical directions for music historiography.

scholarly journals JOAQUÍN COSTA I REGENERACJA HISZPANII

2018 ◽  
pp. 359-373
Author(s):  
Dominika Gołaszewska-Rusinowska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Late 19Th Century

This case study focuses on the life and work of Joaquín Costa. He was a Spanish intellectual who in late 19th century and early 20th century started the intellectual and political movement called Regenerationism. This movement emerged in response against the political system of Spanish Restoration.  

Hamilton, Cicely (1872–1952)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine M. Cockin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Women's History ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Women's Suffrage ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Commitments ◽  
Women’S Suffrage ◽  
Women’S History

Cicely Hamilton, lesbian actor, author, and women’s suffrage activist, is best known for her plays Diana of Dobson’s (1908), exposing exploitation in the retail trade, How the Vote Was Won (1909), a suffrage comedy co-authored with Christopher St. John, and A Pageant of Great Women, which raised consciousness about women’s history in productions across Britain from 1909 to 1912. Hamilton also wrote nondramatic works, including the political tract Marriage as a Trade (1909) and the novel William, An Englishman (1919), which was inspired by her experience of wartime France. Hamilton’s prolific writing career reflects her wide-ranging interests, political commitments, and sense of public duty; her plays exemplify the intersection of Feminism and theater in the early 20th century.

Divination and Politics in Southern Vietnam: Roots of Caodaism

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Jammes
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Southern Vietnam

Caodaism is a Vietnamese religious movement that appeared in colonial Cochinchina in the 1920s. What are the sociological roots of Caodaism? The author attempts to answer this question through an analysis of the Caodaist networks that developed in the early 20th century in Cochinchina. Setting out some ethnographic materials concerning the Chinese Minh religions, the author focuses on only one of the five Minh religions in Vietnam, called Minh Lý (“Enlightened Reason”). He sheds new light on the esoteric roots of Caodaism, on the political regulation of the religious sphere and, finally, on the religious and political map of Southern Vietnam.

scholarly journals FASCYNACJA LUDEM JANA LUDWIKA POPŁAWSKIEGO

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 239-249
Author(s):  
Michał Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Common ◽  
Democratic Ideology

Jan Ludwik Popławski (1854-1908) was one of the fathers of the Polish National Democratic ideology in the late 19th and early 20th century. He was particularly fascinated with matters pertaining to the common people, and especially Polish peasantry. He considered them to be the genuine Poles, free of foreign influences. It is worth pointing out that that he also served as an inspiration to Roman Dmowski, the founder of the National Democracy movement and one of the leaders whose efforts secured Polish independence. According to Popławski, the Polish gentry were servile to the powers occupying Poland. He therefore hoped that the common people would play a greater role in the political life of the nation. 

scholarly journals Public organisations of Vologda in the early 20th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Kirill А. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Organisations

The article describes the activities of public organisations in the early 20th century in Vologda and Vologda Province. It is shown that the activity of the public was constantly growing during the study period. Moreover, the political activity of the society was significantly influenced by all-Russia events, while non-political organisations slowly but surely extended their influence to an increasing number of spheres of life of the local population. Public organisations constantly cooperated with both state authorities and local self-government. The research is based on working with materials on Vologda Province, their analysis to understand how the mechanism of cooperation and interaction of local self-government bodies with the provincial government, the Governor and the bureaucracy was built. As a result of the study, it became possible to show that the number of public organisations in Vologda Province had been growing since the early 20th century, although the number of political organisations was not enough. There were also no serious conflicts or opposition from the authorities in relation to public organisations. Most of the public structures were apolitical in nature and dealt mainly with social issues without paying attention to the problems of interaction with the state authorities.

Photography in Indonesian Archaeology of the 19th to the Early 20th Century | Fotografi dalam Arkeologi Indonesia pada Abad ke-19 sampai Awal Abad ke-20 Masehi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Object Representation ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Photographic Documentation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

In Dutch East India, photographic documentation for antiquities was as up-to-date as in Europe that was developed in the last half of the 19th century. Photography became a tool for archaeological surveys which resulted in thousands of enormous resources. In this paper, the historical background regarding how these old photographs were collected and how the material circulated within archaeological activities will be elaborated. The timeline studied is limited to pre-independence Indonesia with the subject mostly focused on Hindu-Buddhist remains. The method used is literature review of both relevant new publications as well as significant old publications. Its turns out that photographic surveys of archaeology in Indonesia during the colonial period developed from early archaeological activities into systematic institutional programs. The qualities of photography were appreciated in miscellaneous application and offered substantial benefits. Photography became a documentation medium, publication complementary, archive, and object representation and substitution. This historical background of photography in the context of Indonesian archaeology marks the significant value of these photographs so that it can be the foundation of preservation for the future. Di Hindia Belanda, dokumentasi fotografis pada tinggalan purbakala sangat mutakhir sebagaimana di Eropa yang dikembangkan sejak paruh terakhir abad ke-19 M. Fotografi menjadi perangkat untuk survei arkeologi yang menghasilkan ribuan sumber daya. Dalam tulisan ini, latar belakang sejarah terkait pengumpulan foto lama tersebut serta penggunaannya dalam berbagai aktifitas arkeologi akan dijabarkan. Lini masa yang dikaji dibatasi pada Indonesia pra-kemerdekaan dengan subjek yang berfokus pada tinggalan Hindu-Buddhis. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka, baik terbitan terbaru yang relevan maupun terbitan lama yang penting. Ternyata survei fotografi pada arkeologi Indonesia selama periode kolonial berkembang sejak aktifitas arkeologis yang masih dini hingga menjadi program institusi yang sistematis. Kualitas fotografi juga diapresiasi dalam beragam penerapan serta menawarkan manfaat yang substansial, Fotografi menjadi media dokumentasi, pelengkap publikasi, arsip, serta representasi dan substitusi objek. Latar belakang sejarah fotografi dalam konteks arkeologi Indonesia semacam ini menjadikan nilai penting dari foto-foto tersebut sehingga dapat dijadikan fondasi dalam pelestarian untuk masa depan.

scholarly journals I.A. Bunins Linguistic Worldview in an Extreme Situation (on manipulation potential of the diary «Cursed Days»)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-395
Author(s):  
Elena Antipina
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Empirical Material

The article studies the linguistic worldview of the great Russian writer I.A. Bunin in the context of an extreme situation and measures the manipulation potential of his diary «Cursed Days» written in the period of wars and revolutions in the early 20th century, the time of cardinal changes in all spheres of life. The author shows how the writer’s worldview changed influenced by the political, historic and cultural events of those days. The phenomenon of linguistic manipulation is the object of the research, which is explained by the character of the linguo-cultural and historical situation at the time of the diary’s publishing. The empirical material is helps to study manipulative behavior in an extreme situation, which requires special speaking skillfulness, a high degree of persuasion, and mobilizing all available means and tools. The study focuses on key means of argumentation and manipulation that I.A. Bunin uses to express his personal views on the historic events, as well as on lexical means, stylistic devices and techniques that enable the writer to affect the reader. The author proves that the diary «Cursed Days» contains not only semantic interpretation of the environment, but also a wide range of feelings and emotions, which, thus, makes the diary a synthesis of meanings and emotional states, and therefore, an efficient tool of manipulation.

scholarly journals Benih Mardeka in the Political Movement in East Sumatra, 1916–1923

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-157
Author(s):  
Budi Agustono ◽  
Kiki Maulana Affandi ◽  
Junaidi Junaidi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
The Poor ◽  
National Movement ◽  
The Press ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The Voice

This study aims to explain the movements, relationships and roles of Benih Mardeka newspaper in the political movement in East Sumatra from the period 1916 to 1923. Political movements took place as a result of rapid developments in the early 20th century in East Sumatra into a prosperous plantation area. The movements were carried by organisations delivered through propaganda tools or media, namely newspapers. One of the newspapers that loudly voiced national movement and nationalism in East Sumatra was Benih Mardeka newspaper, which began to appear in 1916. This study uses historical methods that include heuristic, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results showed that many articles in Benih Mardeka frequently criticised the issues of colonialism and capitalism. Meanwhile, the poor life of plantation workers became propaganda material for Benih Mardeka in criticising colonial and self-government as well as capitalists, namely plantation companies. Benih Mardeka was also a mouthpiece or tool for Sarekat Islam in conveying the idea of nation and nationalism. Hence, it can be concluded that Benih Mardeka consistently gave the voice of national movement and nationalism in the political movement and the press in East Sumatra.

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