DOI: https://doi.org/10.36873/ae , Alpian, Yanciluk, dan Wahyu Supriyati

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Agrienvi
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Simple Technology

ABSTRACTEnergy demand increase follow to population growth factors, high exploration costs, rising world oil prices andthe difficulty of finding sources of oil reserves. These factors cause the governments of several countries to immediatelyproduce alternative energy that is renewable and environmentally friendly. Wood pellets are an alternative energysource. The availability of raw materials is very easy to obtain. Raw materials for wood pellets from the exploitationwaste such as logging residues, branches and twigs, wood industry waste such as scraps, sawdust and bark,agricultural waste such as straw and husks. Waste that is developed into a product will produce a higher economicvalue. Making pellets from wood waste is an alternative energy material for meeting people's energy needs. Theopportunity to develop wood pellets as fuel is wide open because of the vast potential of forests in Indonesia and thelarge amount of waste from forest products, both from timber industry waste and exploitation waste. Equipment, rawmaterials and the process of making pellets in a simple manner need to be socialized to the public so that they can beapplied especially for the utilization of potential waste that can be used as raw material for making pellets.Keywords : wood pellets, waste, simple technology, renewable energy

Alpian, Yanciluk, dan Wahyu Supriyati

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agrienvi
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Simple Technology

ABSTRACTEnergy demand increase follow to population growth factors, high exploration costs, rising world oil prices andthe difficulty of finding sources of oil reserves. These factors cause the governments of several countries toimmediately produce alternative energy that is renewable and environmentally friendly. Wood pellets are analternative energy source. The availability of raw materials is very easy to obtain. Raw materials for wood pelletsfrom the exploitation waste such as logging residues, branches and twigs, wood industry waste such as scraps,sawdust and bark, agricultural waste such as straw and husks. Waste that is developed into a product will produce ahigher economic value. Making pellets from wood waste is an alternative energy material for meeting people's energyneeds. The opportunity to develop wood pellets as fuel is wide open because of the vast potential of forests inIndonesia and the large amount of waste from forest products, both from timber industry waste and exploitationwaste. Equipment, raw materials and the process of making pellets in a simple manner need to be socialized to thepublic so that they can be applied especially for the utilization of potential waste that can be used as raw material formaking pellets.Keywords : wood pellets, waste, simple technology, renewable energy

scholarly journals Alpian, Yanciluk, dan Wahyu Supriyati

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Agrienvi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Simple Technology

Energy demand increase follow to population growth factors, high exploration costs, rising world oil prices andthe difficulty of finding sources of oil reserves. These factors cause the governments of several countries toimmediately produce alternative energy that is renewable and environmentally friendly. Wood pellets are analternative energy source. The availability of raw materials is very easy to obtain. Raw materials for wood pelletsfrom the exploitation waste such as logging residues, branches and twigs, wood industry waste such as scraps,sawdust and bark, agricultural waste such as straw and husks. Waste that is developed into a product will produce ahigher economic value. Making pellets from wood waste is an alternative energy material for meeting people's energyneeds. The opportunity to develop wood pellets as fuel is wide open because of the vast potential of forests inIndonesia and the large amount of waste from forest products, both from timber industry waste and exploitationwaste. Equipment, raw materials and the process of making pellets in a simple manner need to be socialized to thepublic so that they can be applied especially for the utilization of potential waste that can be used as raw material formaking pellets.Keywords : wood pellets, waste, simple technology, renewable energy

scholarly journals WOOD COMPONENTS AS SOURCES OF PENTO-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS FOR SYNTHESIS OF USEFUL COMPOUNDS, PRODUCTS AND REAGENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Irina A. Chetvertneva ◽  
Oleg Kh. Karimov ◽  
Galina A. Teptereva ◽  
Natalia S. Tivas ◽  
Eldar M. Movsumzade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Monomer Unit ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Wood Processing

The paper considers the main components and products of wood processing, agricultural waste, pulp and paper industry waste and qualifies them as sources of pentose-containing resource-renewable domestic raw materials. The article describes in detail the structural components of wood as a natural polymer, which contains aromatic and carbohydrate parts. It is noted that these poly-mers are promising as raw materials for the production of useful chemical products. The role of lignin, cellolose and hemicellulose in the design of mechanical and structural properties of wood is considered. The article considers the features of the sulfonation reactions of the lignin monomer unit depending on the pH of the medium: acidic, neutral and alkaline. There are three main reac-tions that occur simultaneously with lignin in the process of wood delignification during sulfite cooking, such as the sulfonation reaction, the hydrolytic destruction reaction, and the condensation reaction. It is shown that the lignin-hemicellulose matrix contains three types of interconnected mesh structures: the lignin itself; a network of covalent bonds of lignin with hemicelluloses, and a network whose structure is obtained due to the hydrogen bond and the forces of the physical inter-action of lignin and hemicelluloses. The features of chemical transformations of the monomeric aromatic link of lignosulfonate – phenylpropane unit in the processes of wood delignification, the main chemical reactions of wood raw material delignification under the conditions of sulfite and neutral-sulfite brews are shown. The method of quantitative determination of monosaccharides in the composition of the carbohydrate part is proposed.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature and Time Carbonization on Calorific Value of Charcoal Briquette Raw Materials Areca Nut Husk

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Riski Camarta ◽  
Hendri Nurdin ◽  
Nelvi Erizon ◽  
Andril Arafat
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Energy Needs

Areca nut husk is one type of biomass that can be used as raw material for briquettes as an alternative energy producer. Charcoal briquettes are solid fuels that can be used as alternative fuels in an effort to meet energy needs. This study aims to assess the quality of areca nut charcoal briquettes through carbonization at temperatures of 200 ° C, 250 ° C, 300 ° C, 350 ° C and 400 ° C at holding times for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The study was conducted by pyrolysis of areca nut briquettes which had been formed and dried. Testing the quality of charcoal briquettes includes calorific value analysis. The results of this study indicate the highest heating value of coir briquette charcoal is at carbonization temperature of 300 ° C for 60 minutes at 20979,13632 KJ/Kg. Serat buah pinang merupakan salah satu jenis biomassa yang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi bahan baku briket sebagai penghasil energi alternatif dalam mengurangi penggunaan bahan bakar fosil (minyak bumi). Briket arang merupakan bahan bakar padat yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dalam upaya untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan energi. Pembuatan briket menggunakan perekat tapioka dengan komposisi biomassa dan perekat sebanyak 80% dan 20%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kualitas briket arang serat buah pinang melalui proses karbonisasi pada temperatur 200°C, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C dan 400°C pada waktu tahan selama 30, 60 dan 90 menit. Pengujian kualitas briket arang meliputi analisis nilai kalor. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai kalor briket arang serat buah pinang tertinggi terdapat pada temperatur karbonisasi 300°C selama 60 menit sebesar 20979,13632 KJ/Kg.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of producing wood pellets and company growth strategies

2017 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Nataliia Halysh
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources

The article states that Ukraine is among countries with a high potential level of biomass, which serves as a raw material for the production of solid biofuels. As Ukraine’s economy is developing, there is an increased demand for energy resources. In response to energy dependence and steadily rising prices for fuels, there has also been a shift in the focus towards using alternative energy sources such as biofuels, particularly, wood pellets. The paper covers the factors leading to the growth of the pellet industry, namely: improving the ecological situation, reducing carbon emissions, increasing prices on extracted fuels, waste recycling optimization, etc. The peculiarities of wood pellet production are outlined and their impact on decision-making processes in enterprises, especially in logistics-related areas, is discussed. A particular attention is paid to technology aspects of producing wood pellets and technological organization of manufacturing processes. The article summarizes a list of required production equipment, which affects initial investment, projecting production cost and financial results of operations. Some peculiarities of woodworking enterprises which provide raw material for wood pellet plants are considered. The major challenges and prospects related to forming a long-term strategy for producing wood pellets are highlighted. Based on the results of the study, a principle for optimizing production costs, particularly raw materials costs, is suggested. The optimization model includes all production costs incurred when producing pellets. It is also found that the optimal distance from the furthest sources of raw material should be up to 50 km. The article concludes that addressing various aspects of producing and consuming biofuels in Ukraine is relevant and important. Further studies should be performed into defining criteria for management in such type of plants.

scholarly journals Changes in the Vietnamese Timber Processing Industry: A Case of Quang Tri Province, North Central Region

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 984
Author(s):  
Seiji Iwanaga ◽  
Dang Thai Hoang ◽  
Hirofumi Kuboyama ◽  
Dang Thai Duong ◽  
Hoang Huy Tuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Glued Laminated Timber ◽  
On Farm

Vietnam’s forestry policies have expanded the area of planted forests in order to meet the supply of raw materials for the timber processing industry. However, the diversity and volume of demand in the industry have also increased, and a shortage of raw materials can be assumed. For clarifying the correspondence of stakeholders, we explore changes in the resource supply behavior of forestry companies and procurement strategies of companies that manufacture lumber for glued laminated timber, medium density fiberboard (MDF) and wood pellets. Next, we discuss issues and future developments surrounding the supply and demand for timber from planted forests. According to a survey of Quang Tri Province, both industrial and on-farm tree planting play an important role in Vietnam’s wood industry. The origin of the supply has been categorized according to its purpose (products). On the other hand, with the declining supply of imported timber and natural forest timber, inquiries from sawmills and glued laminated timber factories for timber from planted forests have increased, and wood pellet manufacturers are facing competition for raw material procurement with MDF manufacturers, and the supply of timber from planted forests is becoming scarce. The key to the solution lies in improving the low productivity of current on-farm tree planting. To this end, forming farmer groups upon the acquisition of forest certification will help achieve economies of scale and bargaining power.

scholarly journals Organizational and technological features of the use of wood raw material obtained from intermediate felling in the beech forests of the Greater Caucasus

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Яхьяев ◽  
Aydyn Yakhyaev ◽  
Абиев ◽  
Yusif Abiev
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Timber Industry ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
North Eastern

In the farms of the north-eastern slope of the Greater Caucasus wood raw material obtained from intermediate felling, is not fully utilized and is not effective, due to the organizational and technical difficulties of farms. In addressing these issues in 8 directions of the region with a length of 40-50 km 14 intermediate assembly points were organized, which are intended for the collection and temporary storage of wood raw material harvested within a radius of 15-20 km of the forest. Need to establish assembly points is due to the complexity of relief items and the possibility of year-round use of the main roads of regional importance. To ensure uninterrupted timber industry and in full at the assembly point accumulated wood raw material is partially sorted. Processing of harvested wood raw material is planned for timber industry, located near the central region of the main road in the territory of Cuba town. Establishment in the area of the complex is considered justified, since the resource base in the coming years for intermediate, and later for the main use will be more than 100 thousand hectares of forests in the region. In the proposed area for the industrial complex for processing of raw wood there are all the technical and economic prerequisites. Accumulated in the assembly points wood raw material to the point of processing is transported using self-loading lumber carriers of up to 8 meters length, which is associated with a complex terrain conditions and road network in the region. This complex is planned to organize the following process areas: sawmills, parquet and packaging, small-chip technology, processing of technical greenery. In organizing the production sites size and quality characteristics and volumes of each category of harvested wood raw materials are taking into account, as well as the need for forest products in the region and the country as a whole. In the processes it is envisaged to use the most advanced modular processing of wood with the release of standard lumber, wood workpieces of different products, pulp chips, wood greens and products of its processing.

scholarly journals THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL WASTE IN THE ISSUE OF GREEN ECONOMY OF THE REGIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Opara ◽  
Natalia Azarova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
State Of The Environment

Currently, an urgent issue is the preservation of the environment, the cyclical use of waste for the production of new products, the preservation and multiplication of the planet’s natural resources. After all, the quality of life of each person directly depends on the state of the environment and the factors that affect its preservation. These factors are an integral part of the development of a green economy. This article discusses the possibility of producing alternative energy sources, such as biofuels of three generations.The first generation is solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels. Second-generation fuel is obtained from the biomass of plant and animal material residues, or grown crops. As an example, such a type of fuel as biogas, which consists of carbon dioxide and methane, and with its further processing, namely the separation of carbon dioxide, you can get biomethane. In the same way, such fuels as biodiesel and bioethanol can be obtained from the biological mass. And the most unusual raw material for the production of third-generation fuel is biofuel from algae. Unfortunately, the development of the green economy in Russia is taking slow steps, but at present this issue is being paid more attention. The development of technologies for obtaining alternative energy sources will allow us to produce not only new types of energy, but also to preserve the environment of our priceless planet, through the use of raw materials and waste that are not in demand in everyday human life.

Optimal Design and Techno-Economic Analysis for Corncob Particles Briquettes: A Literature Review of the Utilization of Agricultural Waste and Analysis Calculation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
Nissa Nur Azizah ◽  
Gabriela Chelvina Santiuly Girsang
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Scale Production

Corncob is usually disposed of directly as waste, creating problems in the environment, while it can be converted into valuable materials. This research aimed to evaluate the literature review on briquette production from agricultural waste (using non-binder and cold press with a binder) and the current works on techno-economic analysis, to propose an optimal design for the production of briquette from corncob waste, and to perform a techno-economic analysis based on the selected optimal processing method. The engineering perspective based on stoichiometry and mass balance showed the potential corncob briquette manufacture in both home and large scales due to the possible use of inexpensive and commercially available equipment and raw materials. The economic perspective [based on several economic evaluation factors (i.e., gross profit margin, payback period, break-even point, cumulative net present value, return of investment, internal rate return, and profitability index) under ideal and non-ideal conditions by considering internal (i.e., sales, raw materials, utilities, and variable cost) and external aspects (i.e., tax)] confirmed the prospective development of the project in the large-scale production with a lifetime of more than 18 years. The main issue in the project is the raw material (i.e. tapioca flour), giving the most impact on the project’s feasibility. Even in severe conditions, the project is feasible. The great endurance was also confirmed in the case of a higher tax rate. This study demonstrates the importance of producing corncob-based briquettes for improving the economic value and giving alternatives for problem solvers in the utilization of agricultural waste.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF A TECHNOLOGICAL FUEL PELLET PRODUCTION LINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Ludmila Shvets
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Fuel Pellet ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Fuel Pellets ◽  
Ash Formation ◽  
Alternative Sources

In the conditions of the fuel crisis, an active search began for alternative energy sources in general, and alternative fuel in particular. Among the alternative sources, the use of biofuel for generating thermal and electric energy is currently the most relevant. Biological sources become the material for its production and, basically, these are wastes from agriculture, forestry and the woodworking industry. An important advantage of the use of bio-fuel is also an environmental factor, because its use significantly reduces environmental pollution, compared with the use of mineral fuels. According to their characteristics, fuel pellets compete with natural gas, but in environmental terms they are ahead of all other types of fuel to the same extent as in price terms. The relevance of the use of fuel pellets shows an increase in the use of wood and agricultural waste in industrial production of thermal energy in Europe, the Scandinavian countries and North America by 15% annually. Granules are a real alternative to coal and oil. Since, in terms of their heat transfer characteristics, they are not inferior to coal, and their environmental parameters are generally beyond competition. The heat of combustion of the granules is close to coal, but when they are burned, the CO2 emission is 10-50 times lower, and the ash formation is 15-20 times. So bio-fuel experts confidently claim that granules are a full substitute for coal. The manufacture of wood pellets occurs without chemical fixers under high pressure. It is worth noting that briquettes from agricultural waste are more ash-rich (for example, from sunflower husk - about 7%, from peat - from 2 to 15%) than wood pellets (0.3-3%) and their use for small briquettes boilers undesirable. The article substantiates the introduction of technologies for the processing of agricultural by-products into fuel granules. A developed technological line for the manufacture of granules and a design for chopping wood are proposed.

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