scholarly journals Alpian, Yanciluk, dan Wahyu Supriyati

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Agrienvi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Simple Technology

Energy demand increase follow to population growth factors, high exploration costs, rising world oil prices andthe difficulty of finding sources of oil reserves. These factors cause the governments of several countries toimmediately produce alternative energy that is renewable and environmentally friendly. Wood pellets are analternative energy source. The availability of raw materials is very easy to obtain. Raw materials for wood pelletsfrom the exploitation waste such as logging residues, branches and twigs, wood industry waste such as scraps,sawdust and bark, agricultural waste such as straw and husks. Waste that is developed into a product will produce ahigher economic value. Making pellets from wood waste is an alternative energy material for meeting people's energyneeds. The opportunity to develop wood pellets as fuel is wide open because of the vast potential of forests inIndonesia and the large amount of waste from forest products, both from timber industry waste and exploitationwaste. Equipment, raw materials and the process of making pellets in a simple manner need to be socialized to thepublic so that they can be applied especially for the utilization of potential waste that can be used as raw material formaking pellets.Keywords : wood pellets, waste, simple technology, renewable energy

Alpian, Yanciluk, dan Wahyu Supriyati

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agrienvi
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Simple Technology

ABSTRACTEnergy demand increase follow to population growth factors, high exploration costs, rising world oil prices andthe difficulty of finding sources of oil reserves. These factors cause the governments of several countries toimmediately produce alternative energy that is renewable and environmentally friendly. Wood pellets are analternative energy source. The availability of raw materials is very easy to obtain. Raw materials for wood pelletsfrom the exploitation waste such as logging residues, branches and twigs, wood industry waste such as scraps,sawdust and bark, agricultural waste such as straw and husks. Waste that is developed into a product will produce ahigher economic value. Making pellets from wood waste is an alternative energy material for meeting people's energyneeds. The opportunity to develop wood pellets as fuel is wide open because of the vast potential of forests inIndonesia and the large amount of waste from forest products, both from timber industry waste and exploitationwaste. Equipment, raw materials and the process of making pellets in a simple manner need to be socialized to thepublic so that they can be applied especially for the utilization of potential waste that can be used as raw material formaking pellets.Keywords : wood pellets, waste, simple technology, renewable energy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36873/ae , Alpian, Yanciluk, dan Wahyu Supriyati

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Agrienvi
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Simple Technology

ABSTRACTEnergy demand increase follow to population growth factors, high exploration costs, rising world oil prices andthe difficulty of finding sources of oil reserves. These factors cause the governments of several countries to immediatelyproduce alternative energy that is renewable and environmentally friendly. Wood pellets are an alternative energysource. The availability of raw materials is very easy to obtain. Raw materials for wood pellets from the exploitationwaste such as logging residues, branches and twigs, wood industry waste such as scraps, sawdust and bark,agricultural waste such as straw and husks. Waste that is developed into a product will produce a higher economicvalue. Making pellets from wood waste is an alternative energy material for meeting people's energy needs. Theopportunity to develop wood pellets as fuel is wide open because of the vast potential of forests in Indonesia and thelarge amount of waste from forest products, both from timber industry waste and exploitation waste. Equipment, rawmaterials and the process of making pellets in a simple manner need to be socialized to the public so that they can beapplied especially for the utilization of potential waste that can be used as raw material for making pellets.Keywords : wood pellets, waste, simple technology, renewable energy

scholarly journals WOOD COMPONENTS AS SOURCES OF PENTO-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS FOR SYNTHESIS OF USEFUL COMPOUNDS, PRODUCTS AND REAGENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Irina A. Chetvertneva ◽  
Oleg Kh. Karimov ◽  
Galina A. Teptereva ◽  
Natalia S. Tivas ◽  
Eldar M. Movsumzade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Monomer Unit ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Wood Processing

The paper considers the main components and products of wood processing, agricultural waste, pulp and paper industry waste and qualifies them as sources of pentose-containing resource-renewable domestic raw materials. The article describes in detail the structural components of wood as a natural polymer, which contains aromatic and carbohydrate parts. It is noted that these poly-mers are promising as raw materials for the production of useful chemical products. The role of lignin, cellolose and hemicellulose in the design of mechanical and structural properties of wood is considered. The article considers the features of the sulfonation reactions of the lignin monomer unit depending on the pH of the medium: acidic, neutral and alkaline. There are three main reac-tions that occur simultaneously with lignin in the process of wood delignification during sulfite cooking, such as the sulfonation reaction, the hydrolytic destruction reaction, and the condensation reaction. It is shown that the lignin-hemicellulose matrix contains three types of interconnected mesh structures: the lignin itself; a network of covalent bonds of lignin with hemicelluloses, and a network whose structure is obtained due to the hydrogen bond and the forces of the physical inter-action of lignin and hemicelluloses. The features of chemical transformations of the monomeric aromatic link of lignosulfonate – phenylpropane unit in the processes of wood delignification, the main chemical reactions of wood raw material delignification under the conditions of sulfite and neutral-sulfite brews are shown. The method of quantitative determination of monosaccharides in the composition of the carbohydrate part is proposed.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of producing wood pellets and company growth strategies

2017 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Nataliia Halysh
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources

The article states that Ukraine is among countries with a high potential level of biomass, which serves as a raw material for the production of solid biofuels. As Ukraine’s economy is developing, there is an increased demand for energy resources. In response to energy dependence and steadily rising prices for fuels, there has also been a shift in the focus towards using alternative energy sources such as biofuels, particularly, wood pellets. The paper covers the factors leading to the growth of the pellet industry, namely: improving the ecological situation, reducing carbon emissions, increasing prices on extracted fuels, waste recycling optimization, etc. The peculiarities of wood pellet production are outlined and their impact on decision-making processes in enterprises, especially in logistics-related areas, is discussed. A particular attention is paid to technology aspects of producing wood pellets and technological organization of manufacturing processes. The article summarizes a list of required production equipment, which affects initial investment, projecting production cost and financial results of operations. Some peculiarities of woodworking enterprises which provide raw material for wood pellet plants are considered. The major challenges and prospects related to forming a long-term strategy for producing wood pellets are highlighted. Based on the results of the study, a principle for optimizing production costs, particularly raw materials costs, is suggested. The optimization model includes all production costs incurred when producing pellets. It is also found that the optimal distance from the furthest sources of raw material should be up to 50 km. The article concludes that addressing various aspects of producing and consuming biofuels in Ukraine is relevant and important. Further studies should be performed into defining criteria for management in such type of plants.

scholarly journals Changes in the Vietnamese Timber Processing Industry: A Case of Quang Tri Province, North Central Region

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 984
Author(s):  
Seiji Iwanaga ◽  
Dang Thai Hoang ◽  
Hirofumi Kuboyama ◽  
Dang Thai Duong ◽  
Hoang Huy Tuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Glued Laminated Timber ◽  
On Farm

Vietnam’s forestry policies have expanded the area of planted forests in order to meet the supply of raw materials for the timber processing industry. However, the diversity and volume of demand in the industry have also increased, and a shortage of raw materials can be assumed. For clarifying the correspondence of stakeholders, we explore changes in the resource supply behavior of forestry companies and procurement strategies of companies that manufacture lumber for glued laminated timber, medium density fiberboard (MDF) and wood pellets. Next, we discuss issues and future developments surrounding the supply and demand for timber from planted forests. According to a survey of Quang Tri Province, both industrial and on-farm tree planting play an important role in Vietnam’s wood industry. The origin of the supply has been categorized according to its purpose (products). On the other hand, with the declining supply of imported timber and natural forest timber, inquiries from sawmills and glued laminated timber factories for timber from planted forests have increased, and wood pellet manufacturers are facing competition for raw material procurement with MDF manufacturers, and the supply of timber from planted forests is becoming scarce. The key to the solution lies in improving the low productivity of current on-farm tree planting. To this end, forming farmer groups upon the acquisition of forest certification will help achieve economies of scale and bargaining power.

scholarly journals Ethanol production using vegetable peels medium and the effective role of cellulolytic bacterial (Bacillus subtilis) pre-treatment

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Salman Khan Promon ◽  
Wasif Kamal ◽  
Shafkat Shamim Rahman ◽  
M. Mahboob Hossain ◽  
Naiyyum Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Alcohol Production

Background: The requirement of an alternative clean energy source is increasing with the elevating energy demand of modern age. Bioethanol is considered as an excellent candidate to satiate this demand.Methods:Yeast isolates were used for the production of bioethanol using cellulosic vegetable wastes as substrate. Efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol was achieved by the action of cellulolytic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis).  After proper isolation, identification and characterization of stress tolerances (thermo-, ethanol-, pH-, osmo- & sugar tolerance), optimization of physiochemical parameters for ethanol production by the yeast isolates was assessed. Very inexpensive and easily available raw materials (vegetable peels) were used as fermentation media. Fermentation was optimized with respect to temperature, reducing sugar concentration and pH.Results:It was observed that temperatures of 30°C and pH 6.0 were optimum for fermentation with a maximum yield of ethanol. The results indicated an overall increase in yields upon the pretreatment ofBacillus subtilis; maximum ethanol percentages for isolate SC1 obtained after 48-hour incubation under pretreated substrate was 14.17% in contrast to untreated media which yielded 6.21% after the same period. Isolate with the highest ethanol production capability was identified as members of the ethanol-producingSaccharomycesspecies after stress tolerance studies and biochemical characterization using Analytical Profile Index (API) ® 20C AUX and nitrate broth test. Introduction ofBacillus subtilisincreased the alcohol production rate from the fermentation of cellulosic materials.Conclusions:The study suggested that the kitchen waste can serve as an excellent raw material in ethanol fermentation.

scholarly journals Organizational and technological features of the use of wood raw material obtained from intermediate felling in the beech forests of the Greater Caucasus

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Яхьяев ◽  
Aydyn Yakhyaev ◽  
Абиев ◽  
Yusif Abiev
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Timber Industry ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
North Eastern

In the farms of the north-eastern slope of the Greater Caucasus wood raw material obtained from intermediate felling, is not fully utilized and is not effective, due to the organizational and technical difficulties of farms. In addressing these issues in 8 directions of the region with a length of 40-50 km 14 intermediate assembly points were organized, which are intended for the collection and temporary storage of wood raw material harvested within a radius of 15-20 km of the forest. Need to establish assembly points is due to the complexity of relief items and the possibility of year-round use of the main roads of regional importance. To ensure uninterrupted timber industry and in full at the assembly point accumulated wood raw material is partially sorted. Processing of harvested wood raw material is planned for timber industry, located near the central region of the main road in the territory of Cuba town. Establishment in the area of the complex is considered justified, since the resource base in the coming years for intermediate, and later for the main use will be more than 100 thousand hectares of forests in the region. In the proposed area for the industrial complex for processing of raw wood there are all the technical and economic prerequisites. Accumulated in the assembly points wood raw material to the point of processing is transported using self-loading lumber carriers of up to 8 meters length, which is associated with a complex terrain conditions and road network in the region. This complex is planned to organize the following process areas: sawmills, parquet and packaging, small-chip technology, processing of technical greenery. In organizing the production sites size and quality characteristics and volumes of each category of harvested wood raw materials are taking into account, as well as the need for forest products in the region and the country as a whole. In the processes it is envisaged to use the most advanced modular processing of wood with the release of standard lumber, wood workpieces of different products, pulp chips, wood greens and products of its processing.

scholarly journals THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL WASTE IN THE ISSUE OF GREEN ECONOMY OF THE REGIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Opara ◽  
Natalia Azarova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
State Of The Environment

Currently, an urgent issue is the preservation of the environment, the cyclical use of waste for the production of new products, the preservation and multiplication of the planet’s natural resources. After all, the quality of life of each person directly depends on the state of the environment and the factors that affect its preservation. These factors are an integral part of the development of a green economy. This article discusses the possibility of producing alternative energy sources, such as biofuels of three generations.The first generation is solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels. Second-generation fuel is obtained from the biomass of plant and animal material residues, or grown crops. As an example, such a type of fuel as biogas, which consists of carbon dioxide and methane, and with its further processing, namely the separation of carbon dioxide, you can get biomethane. In the same way, such fuels as biodiesel and bioethanol can be obtained from the biological mass. And the most unusual raw material for the production of third-generation fuel is biofuel from algae. Unfortunately, the development of the green economy in Russia is taking slow steps, but at present this issue is being paid more attention. The development of technologies for obtaining alternative energy sources will allow us to produce not only new types of energy, but also to preserve the environment of our priceless planet, through the use of raw materials and waste that are not in demand in everyday human life.

scholarly journals Reforestation of ‘Village Forest’ to Improve Sustaiability Creative Industries in Desa Siponjot

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 714-722
Author(s):  
Noverita Sprinse Vinolina ◽  
Antonio Marro Sipayung ◽  
Dardanila ◽  
Sondang Pintauli
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Village

This program is conducted to assist Siponjot Village while empowering the people of Siponjot Village to be able to utilize and maximize the benefit of the village forest. Village forest might support the availability of raw materials required for making musical instruments, such as high quality of wood, including how to process wood waste from making musical instruments to be used as creative souvenirs and improve the economic value. The raw material for production determined its results of the production of wood-based musical instruments. Thus, in order to produce a high quality tanginang, hasapi, and gondang, which previously began to be produced by arts crafts in the Sitangkubang area of ​​Siponjot Village, a high quality of raw materials is needed. The community service team surveyed the location of planting seeds for village forest restoration, provided socialization related to the importance of village forest cultivation and the suitability of the Siponjot Village area for the cultivation of these plants. Village forest restoration aims to maintain the beauty and beauty of the village. Implementation of village reforestation activities starting from socializing forest tourism and the strength of village forests to the community, followed by a discussion about village forest management and its economic benefits. Handover of a thousand units of forest plant seedlings given to the villagers of Siponjot as part of the forest restoration program in the area.

Optimal Design and Techno-Economic Analysis for Corncob Particles Briquettes: A Literature Review of the Utilization of Agricultural Waste and Analysis Calculation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
Nissa Nur Azizah ◽  
Gabriela Chelvina Santiuly Girsang
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Scale Production

Corncob is usually disposed of directly as waste, creating problems in the environment, while it can be converted into valuable materials. This research aimed to evaluate the literature review on briquette production from agricultural waste (using non-binder and cold press with a binder) and the current works on techno-economic analysis, to propose an optimal design for the production of briquette from corncob waste, and to perform a techno-economic analysis based on the selected optimal processing method. The engineering perspective based on stoichiometry and mass balance showed the potential corncob briquette manufacture in both home and large scales due to the possible use of inexpensive and commercially available equipment and raw materials. The economic perspective [based on several economic evaluation factors (i.e., gross profit margin, payback period, break-even point, cumulative net present value, return of investment, internal rate return, and profitability index) under ideal and non-ideal conditions by considering internal (i.e., sales, raw materials, utilities, and variable cost) and external aspects (i.e., tax)] confirmed the prospective development of the project in the large-scale production with a lifetime of more than 18 years. The main issue in the project is the raw material (i.e. tapioca flour), giving the most impact on the project’s feasibility. Even in severe conditions, the project is feasible. The great endurance was also confirmed in the case of a higher tax rate. This study demonstrates the importance of producing corncob-based briquettes for improving the economic value and giving alternatives for problem solvers in the utilization of agricultural waste.

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