Transformacja Sił Zbrojnych RP 1999-2020. Aspekt organizacyjny

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-103
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kajetanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Made In

The article presents the organizational changes of the Polish Army after Poland joined the NATO alliance. The issues addressed are presented in three parts, including changes carried out immediately after Poland joined the alliance, then organizational transformations related to the implementation of the professionalization program of the Polish Armed Forces, and ending with the changes introduced in the second decade of the 21st century. The aim of the research was to determine the scope of the organizational changes made in the Polish Army and their impact on the security of the state. The analysis covered the development programs of the Polish Armed Forces, which were periodically modified to adapt them to new challenges and current needs resulting from the international situation, as well as compact stud-ies, articles and Internet publications dealing with the issues of organizational changes. During the research, the methods of document research and critical analysis of the literature were used. The result of the research is to show the course of the introduced changes and the related transformations of the organizational structure of the army. This made it possible to define the current possibilities of taking defense actions by the Polish Armed Forces in the event of a possible armed conflict.

scholarly journals NEW MEANS OF CONDUCTING WARS OF THE 21ST CENTURY: PROSPECTS, PROBLEMS OF APPLICATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 208-224
Author(s):  
A.N. Gostev
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
National Security ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Entire System ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Practical Recommendations ◽  
Aggression Prevention

The article presents promising means of warfare, based on natural and humanitarian knowledge, substantiates the objective need for Russia to adopt them for protection against external military aggression, prevention and military resolution of international conflicts. The directions for improving both the organizational structure of the armed forces and the entire system of ensuring the national security of the state are shown, and theoretical conclusions and practical recommendations are formulated to the structures of military and state administration.

STRUCTURAL AND LOGIC DIAGRAM OF RESEARCH ON THE MILITARY-ECONOMIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE RATIONAL NUMBER OF ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE IN THE PROCESS OF FORMING THE PROGRAM OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
V. Nazarkin ◽  
O. Semenenko ◽  
A. Efimenko ◽  
V. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Rational Number ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Excess Number ◽  
The Military

The task of choosing the rational number of power structures is always one of the main priorities of any political leadership of the state. An insufficient number of armed forces is a threat to the national security of the state; an excess number creates pressures on the development of the country's national economy. Today, when the development programs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are being formed in the context of the practical application of their units and subunits to carry out combat missions, questions of choosing a priority approach to the formation (justification) of the rational size of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is an urgent issue. The article proposes a structure for conducting research on the development and implementation of the methodology of military-economic substantiation of the rational strength of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the system of defense planning of Ukraine in the formation of programs for their development for the medium and long term. The main objectives of this methodology are: scientific substantiation of the range of the necessary strength of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for the period of the program of their development; the choice of the indicator of the rational size of the Armed Forces of Ukraine according to the years of the program from a certain range of its changes; military-economic substantiation of this number under the influence of various limiting factors. The development and implementation of such a methodology will increase the efficiency of the formation and implementation of development programs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as well as the efficiency of using public funds for the development of power structures.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF THE PARADIGM OF CUSTOMS SECURITY IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Victor KRYVYTSKY
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
National Security ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
New Challenges

Introduction. The globalization processes of the 21st century have influenced the exacerbation of existing and the emergence of new challenges for the national security of states. Modern conditions of functioning of Ukraine actualize the search for the latest conceptual basis of the national security paradigm in the customs sphere. The purposeof the article is to substantiate the conceptual basis of the customs security paradigm of Ukraine on the basis of generalization, analysis and systematization of the economic essence of its conceptual constructs, identification of the principles of security and the criteria for the effectiveness of customs security measures. Results. The expediency of differentiating the concept of “customs interests” in the context of customs interests of the state, subjects of foreign economic activity and international institutions is determined. It is substantiated that the notion of customs security is a multidimensional phenomenon, the interpretation of which is based on the norms of the Customs Code, according to which it reflects the state of the security of customs interests of Ukraine. Conclusions. The essence of the mechanism of customs security is to identify, prevent and neutralize probable and real risks and threats, ensure sustainable development, to protect the customs interests of the state and subjects of foreign economic activity.

scholarly journals DEFENSE FINANCING FEATURES WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE NEW CHALLENGES

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
OKSANA CHEBERYAKO ◽  
VIKTOR KOLESNYK ◽  
ALINA GAIDUCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Military Force ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Challenges

The beginning of the third millennium was marked by the desire of the leader countries (USA, China, and Russia) to geopolitical, geostrategic and geo-economic redistribution of spheres of influence. The collapse of the USSR, the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact Organization, the end of the Cold War did not bring the world closer to stability and security. Military force capabilities continue to be considered as one of the most powerful factors in world politics. Proof of this is the intensification of the struggle of the world›s superpowers for regional and global leadership, control over oil, gas and energy flows. It is worth mentioning the Transnistrian conflict, Russia-Led wars in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, the Russian-Georgian war in August 2008, the civil war in Syria, the intensification of Islamic extremism within the ISIS, Russia›s annexation of Crimea, the hybrid war unleashed and continues to wage by the Russian Federation against Ukraine. In this connection, it is becoming increasingly important to provide corresponding levels for the defense budget funding. Thus, the study of the peculiarities of defense financing in Ukraine and powerful military superpowers is of considerable scientific, practical and political interest. Comparing the defense expenditures of different countries makes it possible to identify key problem issues in the defense financing of Ukraine and bring the corresponding costs to international standards. This indicator is one of the most important criteria that characterize the state›s desire for development, relevant combat readiness of the armed forces and other military forces in the face of new challenges. The last years of the previous century were characterized by global geopolitical changes and growing contradictions, which resulted in: the transformation of the bipolar model (USA - USSR) into a multipolar (powerful military superpowers - the USA, Russia, China, Saudi Arabia, France, Japan, Germany, India, Brazil)); globalization of world economic processes; erosion through «hybrid wars», which are a new kind of global confrontation in today›s destabilized international security environment, the facets of the division between war and peace. The availability of weapons of mass destruction and high-precision weapons in the third millennium, the growth of their capacity, the complexity of military equipment and combat assets, the use of new methods and means of warfare have led to significant changes in the functions and tasks of the armed forces, increasing their number and government spending on defense purposes. Today there are about 200 armies in the world with a total number of 24-25 million people (about 0.4% of the world›s population) (Military..., 2002). The state of the troops of any state must correspond to its economic capabilities and at the same time ensure the implementation of national security tasks.

scholarly journals Entre Memorias (Between Memories)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e1559
Author(s):  
Martha-Cecilia Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Truth And Reconciliation Commission ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Reconciliation Commission ◽  
Truth And Reconciliation ◽  
Internal Armed Conflict ◽  
The Disappeared ◽  
Made In

Eudosia is still searching for her husband’s remains in the highlands of Ayacucho, Lucero has been in prison for 25 years now for the crime of terrorism against the Peruvian state, and since 2009 the commandos of the counterinsurgency unit Chavin de Huantar recreate and commemorate their heroic military actions to save a nation from the threat of terrorism. Twelve years after the Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission published its final report about the atrocities committed during the internal armed conflict (1980-2000), memories of this period seem more contested than ever. This film explores the complex legacies of twenty years of violence and war in Peru through practices of remembering. In three audio-visual pieces made in collaboration with relatives of the disappeared, insurgents of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) and members of the Armed Forces, this documentary aims for creating an on-screen dialogue between memories, which in practice remains elusive.

scholarly journals Media as a Transmitter of Information Provided by Armed Forces, the State and Terrorist Organisations in Armed Conflicts and Terrorist Attacks

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tomasz Bąk
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Television News ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The Media ◽  
Terrorist Acts

Abstract The article deals with issues related to the media as a relay of information provided by the armed forces, the state and terrorist organizations, in armed conflicts and terrorist acts. It contains two main subchapters, namely: the first on the role of the media in armed conflicts and terrorist acts, and the second describing the use of media by terrorists. There is no doubt that almost every ongoing armed conflict or terrorist attack can count on a broad media coverage. It is an event that neither news agencies, broadcasters of television news services, nor print media publishers can miss. The text mentions the basic models of behavior of state authorities in this matter of informing the public about events such as warfare or terrorist attack. Forms of providing information from conflict regions or terrorist activities by contemporary journalism have also been described. There was also information about the role of the Internet in the process of reporting the course of the war. An important part of the article is to describe the media strategy in relation to this type of event. The summary concludes on the role of mass media in contemporary armed conflict and the terrorist attack.

scholarly journals Employment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in Different Periods of Anti-Terrorist Operation in Eastern Ukraine (2014–2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Skriabin ◽  
Boris Popkov ◽  
Inna Vanovska
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Second Period

Abstract The article reviews issues related to the use of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the anti-terrorist operation (ATO) in eastern Ukraine (2014-2018), which became a form of repel and deterrence of Russian aggression, began in Crimea in February 2014 and subsequently continued in eastern regions of Ukraine. According to the nature and consequences of hostilities, the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict is divided into initial and two main periods, within which a number of stages are defined, distinguished qualitatively in the nature and content of hostilities. The article shows how this affected the change of forms of the Armed Forces of Ukraine employment in the anti-terrorist operation. During the initial (Crimean) period, units and subdivisions of the Ukrainian army were not actually used to repel hybrid aggression of the Russian Federation, but later, when the Russian leadership began using a similar scenario of aggression in the eastern regions of Ukraine, the state responded with the armed fight. The authors believe that despite the swiftness of the first period, its events were characterized by frequent changes in the use of the Armed Forces of Ukraine - from patrolling and guarding important facilities to offensive, raid and search operations. The second period, according to the authors, was characterized by the conduct of the Ukrainian army’s defensive actions with the active use of maneuvers in various dangerous areas.

scholarly journals Two new types of bridges: under-deck cable-stayed bridges and combined cable-stayed bridges — the state of the art

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1003-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Ruiz-Teran ◽  
A C Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The State ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Highly Dispersed ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges ◽  
Made In

At least 20 cable-stayed bridges have been built over the last 30 years that cannot be classified under existing typologies for cable-stayed bridges. These structures represent two new types of cable-stayed bridges that we herein define as "under-deck cable-stayed bridges" and "combined cable-stayed bridges." The evolution of these new bridge types is explored through consideration of the different proposals and structures that have been built throughout this period, pointing out the innovations made in each of them. In this paper we propose a new classification system for bridges prestressed by means of tendons into which these two new bridge types will fit. Studies that have been made of these structural types are also highlighted. On the basis of the aforementioned, we describe the state-of-the-art for these structural types, compiling and cataloguing information, documents, and knowledge that were previously highly dispersed. Lastly, we make a critical analysis of the current situation and draw some key conclusions.Key words: under-deck cable-staying, combined cable-staying, cable-stayed bridges, extradosed prestressing, intradosed prestressing, prestressing.

scholarly journals Gender in Traditional Music: An Overview of the New Challenges Related to Polish Ethnomusicology in the 21st Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Angelika Tracz
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Traditional Music ◽  
The State ◽  
Gender Performativity ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
State Of Research

The subject of the article is to present the feminist trend in Western ethnomusicology and then to compare it with the state of research in Poland. The query included the latest Western musicological and ethnomusicological literature, as well as the known sources about gender in Polish traditional music. The author, based on the experience gained during the field research carried out in recent years, indicates possible changes in conducting and analysing the field in order to obtain more accurate knowledge about gender performativity in Polish folklore.

scholarly journals The Strategy of Lithuanian State Security in the 21st Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Robertas Pukenis
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
State Security ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
The Baltic

The article analyses state security as harmonious functioning of the constitutional system without interference of any outside forces, protection of territorial integrity and undisturbed functioning of a state in all public spheres. The state security in the broadest sense is strengthened by the factors of foreign and home policy. The security is based not only on strong, well trained armed forces, equipped with modern guns but also on the entire potential of a state: the approval of citizens for armament and the willingness to defend the country; economic stability, functioning of democratic principles, positive contribution of national communities into the welfare of the society, harmonious agreement of national communities, loyalty to the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and the competence of the Department of State Security to neutralise the forces willing to harm the consolidation of the State; they penetrate into the governmental institutions, instigate slanderous moods against the leaders or institutions of the state via mass media. The history reminds us that the West often used to betray nations; thus the question may arise whether the NATO will succeed in defending the Baltic countries according to the binding provision of Article 5 that obligates the parties for collective defence. Therefore, Lithuania urgently needs an augmented distribution of NATO toops in the Baltics. Further strategy requires insightful diplomatic steps in oreder to preserve peace and establish friendly alliances, e. g. a stronger military cooperation with Scandinavian states, brotherhood with Latvians and Estonians and approval of the dispositions of the Polish President to create a union “from the sea to the sea”. Conclusive thoughts are based on the arguments of serious political observers, sociological research, official statistics and verified data. The aim of this article is to describe the strategy of Lithuanian Republic in the field of security in the beginning of the 21st century. The object of the article is the analysis of the ways and measures for preservation of Lithuanian statehood. The author referred to the most recent media and provided political analysis of geopolitical and historical context.

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