scholarly journals The Strategy of Lithuanian State Security in the 21st Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Robertas Pukenis
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
State Security ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
The Baltic

The article analyses state security as harmonious functioning of the constitutional system without interference of any outside forces, protection of territorial integrity and undisturbed functioning of a state in all public spheres. The state security in the broadest sense is strengthened by the factors of foreign and home policy. The security is based not only on strong, well trained armed forces, equipped with modern guns but also on the entire potential of a state: the approval of citizens for armament and the willingness to defend the country; economic stability, functioning of democratic principles, positive contribution of national communities into the welfare of the society, harmonious agreement of national communities, loyalty to the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and the competence of the Department of State Security to neutralise the forces willing to harm the consolidation of the State; they penetrate into the governmental institutions, instigate slanderous moods against the leaders or institutions of the state via mass media. The history reminds us that the West often used to betray nations; thus the question may arise whether the NATO will succeed in defending the Baltic countries according to the binding provision of Article 5 that obligates the parties for collective defence. Therefore, Lithuania urgently needs an augmented distribution of NATO toops in the Baltics. Further strategy requires insightful diplomatic steps in oreder to preserve peace and establish friendly alliances, e. g. a stronger military cooperation with Scandinavian states, brotherhood with Latvians and Estonians and approval of the dispositions of the Polish President to create a union “from the sea to the sea”. Conclusive thoughts are based on the arguments of serious political observers, sociological research, official statistics and verified data. The aim of this article is to describe the strategy of Lithuanian Republic in the field of security in the beginning of the 21st century. The object of the article is the analysis of the ways and measures for preservation of Lithuanian statehood. The author referred to the most recent media and provided political analysis of geopolitical and historical context.

CAPACITIES OF MILITARY TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES INVOLVED IN OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES OF THE POLISH ARMED FORCES

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Jagiełło
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Technical Research ◽  
State Security ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
The Military

Character and conditions for cooperation of country defence industry with military technical research institutes, involved in defence and security activities, are essential to circumstances encouraging for a better fulfilment of demands in the state security sector and for concentration of researches on priorities and development of preferred technologies. The paper illustrates the scientific-research capacities of the military technical research institutes and the factors motivating their scientific-research activities focused on the deployment of results into the realisation of demands of armed forces technical upgrading.

Leda and the stylisticians

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Gavins
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Cognitive Poetics ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Conceptual Structures ◽  
World Theory

This article presents an analysis of WB Yeats’ ‘Leda and the Swan’ for the 21st century, adopting a Text World Theory perspective (Gavins, 2007; Hidalgo Downing, 2000; Werth, 1999) on this iconic poem. In so doing, I also trace the evolution of the discipline of stylistics – from its roots in formalist linguistics, through functionalist and contextualised stylistics, to the development of cognitive poetics – by examining a series of shifting analyses of the text. I argue that the varying treatments of Yeats’ poem to be found in Halliday (1966), Widdowson (1975) and Burke (2000) can be seen to mirror the development of stylistics over the last half century. I also argue for the positive contribution cognitive poetics can make towards a fuller contemporary understanding of the complex discoursal configuration of ‘Leda and the Swan’, examining both its textual and conceptual structures and its significant political and historical context.

scholarly journals Tasks of safety education institutions concerning the needs of state security

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Martuszewska
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
School Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Rational Solutions ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
State Security ◽  
Safe Life ◽  
The Individual

The desire to live a safe life is one of the most important human needs, while education is the basis of knowledge of the society as a whole. To ensure the safety of the individual and the security of the state, there is a need for stable cooperation between various security institutions. There are many safety education institutions that work for the needs of state security. These include the Education for Safety Bureau, the post of Education for Safety Inspector, the post of School Safety Coordinator, School Safety Clubs, etc. The aim of this paper is to describe the situation in education based on safety education teaching in the 21st century. Other objectives include indicating tasks and rational solutions in education on the basis of the principles introduced by scholars, such as J.A. Comenius, J. Locke, I. Kant, which remain valid to this day.

scholarly journals Constitutions of the CIS countries and Other Post-Socialist States: A Comparative Legal Review

2018 ◽  
pp. 81-81
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Using comparative legal research method, the author examines the constitutions of the CIS countries, as well as the other post-socialist countries. Over the past nearly three decades that have passed since the collapse of the Soviet Union these countries were in a state of permanent changes in the economy and state-building, guided by the ideas of fiding their own way of development in the conditions of the collapse of the old ideals. The results of such a search are of scientifi interest and fid reflction in the constitutions. The author compares the constitutions of the above-mentioned states by the form, procedure for adopting and modifying them, the characteristics of the state enshrined in them, the form of government, the form of state structure, the specifis of the constitutional status of a person and citizen, and institutional mechanisms for the legal protection of the constitution. A conclusion is made that the application of the traditional approaches to classifiation of forms of government is of little use for the classifiation of the forms of government of states that are attributed to the CIS countries and the Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia). The author’s classifiation of forms of government in these states is proposed. He also pays much attention to the form of the state structure of the CIS countries and other post-socialist states, including the problem of the existence of unrecognized and partially recognized independent states operating in the territory of some CIS countries and post-socialist states.

scholarly journals Zadania instytucji edukacji dla bezpieczeństwa na potrzeby bezpieczeństwa państwa

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Martuszewska
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
School Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Rational Solutions ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
State Security ◽  
Safe Life ◽  
The Individual

The desire to live a safe life is one of the most important human needs, while education is the basis of knowledge of the society as a whole. To ensure the safety of the individual and the security of the state, there is a need for stable cooperation between various security institutions. There are many safety education institutions that work for the needs of state security. These include the Education for Safety Bureau, the post of Education for Safety Inspector, the post of School Safety Coordinator, School Safety Clubs, etc. The aim of this paper is to describe the situation in education based on safety education teaching in the 21st century. Other objectives include indicating tasks and rational solutions in education on the basis of the principles introduced by scholars, such as J.A. Comenius, J. Locke, I. Kant, which remain valid to this day.

Theoretical Aspects of Support for Institutions Responsible for the Internal Security of the State by the Armed Forces

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Bernard Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Theoretical Issues

This article presents the basic theoretical issues related to the use of armed forces to support the actions of institutions responsible for the internal security of the state. The reflections presented are based on an analysis of the literature on security sciences, generally applicable laws and directives of a strategic nature related to national security issues of the Republic of Poland. The basis for the discussion was a presentation of the significance of the effectiveness of the internal security system — the vision and the state security strategy. This served to illustrate the basic areas of support that have been identified on the basis of the common use of the term “internal security”. It is assumed that these are public safety and general security, understood as the components of the internal security of the state. An important issue in this part of the article is an overview of these types of security, which allows the relationships between them to be indicated. This range of considerations has consequently enabled the presentation of the rules of support for institutions responsible for the internal security of the state by the armed forces. Rules that have scientific justification, unmatchable practical value and that are systematically improved in the course of the day-to-day activity of the entities mentioned. In the final part of the work a summary, along with an indication of the specific scope of support, has been made using the conclusions of the provisions of generally applicable law.

Development of Health Care in Lithuania and Estonia: Similar Conditions, Different Results

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-406
Author(s):  
Liutauras Gudžinskas
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Health Care Resources ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractThe article deals with the health systems of Lithuania and Estonia by evaluating their historical context, describing their development after regaining independence, presenting data on how the health care resources are distributed and what are the results of these systems. Although health care in these countries is financed at a similar level, the Estonian health system exceeds its Lithuanian (and Latvian) counterparts in many important aspects. It is argued that an essential impact on the differences in health care of the Baltic countries has been exerted by decisions regarding the financing and governance of the health system at the early period of the post-communist transformation.

Policeman’s competence as a component of his administrative and legal status: experience of the Baltic countries and the USA

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Solntseva
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Police Powers ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Police System ◽  
National Police ◽  
Police Activity

Problem setting. The priority of law enforcement agencies of any developed country is to ensure law and order, protect individuals, society and the state from crime, and combat crime. These functions stand out among others in the regulatory framework and are the starting point for the activities of the country's law enforcement system. However, it is fair to say that the extent to which primary and secondary police powers are exercised varies considerably across countries. The level of its efficiency depends on it to a greater extent. Having embarked on the path of European integration, Ukraine has adopted a lot of new things into the legal basis of the National Police of Ukraine, however, there is a need for further implementation of legal norms in national legislation. Target of research. The purpose of the study is to analyze the police powers in the United States, Ukraine and the Baltic countries, the search for new models of policing for further implementation in Ukrainian legislation. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Significant contribution to the study of the organization and legal support of policing in the world, its importance in ensuring public safety, areas of strategic development of the police have made such scientists as Bugaychuk K. L., Chumak V. V, Mashutina E. V., Filstein M. V. etc. Article’s main body. Police activities in Ukraine, first of all, is regulated by the Law of Ukraine «On the National Police» (02.07. 2015). It defines the principles of police activity, the police system, the measures applied by police officers, police powers, etc. Police powers are disclosed in the regulations quite fully and clearly, there is a division into basic, due to the appointment of a police body, and additional, which can be determined only by law. Nevertheless, the problem lies in the uncertainty of these powers given the police system. Given problems related to the normative component of policing, it is appropriate and relevant to refer to the foreign practice of the police, in particular to identify some features of their competence. We suggest that police competence is understood as a set of rights and responsibilities of a police officer, as well as the services provided by him. Analysing the experience of the Latvian police, it is necessary to note the differentiation of the police body depending on the field of activity and direct subordination. The Latvian police system has the following police units: the State Police, the Security Police, the Self-Government Police and the Port Police. Police activity in Lithuania has certain features of the stages of reforming the Lithuanian police such as depoliticization, professional development of the law enforcement system, active fight against corruption, provision of law enforcement services to the population, cooperation with the European community, deepening integration processes of internal security. Conclusions and prospects for the development. It is appropriate to establish a legal definition of each structural unit of the police and their main powers, as well as to propose the division of police powers depending on their rights, responsibilities and services. Specific changes should concern both the Law of Ukraine «On the National Police» and bylaws, in particular the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of 04.06.2007 «On approval of the list of paid services provided by units … of the National Police», the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of 28.10.2015. «On approval of the Regulations on the National Police».

scholarly journals Military Cooperation of Ukraine and the Baltic States (1991-2017)

2017 ◽  
pp. 165-220
Author(s):  
Ruslana Martseniuk
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
International Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Military Security ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Baltic

The article analyzes the main stages of military cooperation between Ukraine and the Baltic States (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) from the establishment of diplomatic relations after the collapse of the USSR and to this day. The reasons for the activation of the mentioned cooperation in the conditions of the crisis of the international security system, which is connected with Russian aggression and violation of international security agreements. Today, in order to counteract the armed aggression in the militarization of the Russian Federation, one of the most urgent areas for ensuring Ukraine’s military security is the following: effective use of bilateral and multilateral cooperation with partners and allies in the military sphere; implementation of standards and principles of NATO member states; involvement of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the international operations of NATO and the EU. So today in the conditions of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation towards Ukraine and the threat of security and tranquility in Europe, the Baltic countries provide Ukraine with military and economic assistance both within NATO and on a bilateral basis. This is the supply of ammunition that the Ukrainian Armed Forces needs in the forefront and assistance in the treatment and rehabilitation of our wounded soldiers and active assistance in providing professional advisers for military affairs and tactical medicine. The security dimension of relations between our countries is also the creation of a unique international military formation of LITPOLUKRBRIG, which practically allows us to work out our military interoperability and compatibility and is one of the largest and ambitious military cooperation projects.

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