Study of the Antioxidant Activity of Cactus (Opuntia dellienii) Fruits (Pulp and Peels) and Characterisation of their Bioactive Compounds by GC-MS

The present study aims to identify and characterize the chemical compounds present in the extracts of cactus pear Opuntia dillenii (OD) fruit which grow in southern Iraq and offer different health benefits. The physicochemical properties of the fruit juices (pulp and peels) were investigated. Fruit pulp and peel extracts carried the symbols: hexane pulp extract (HPuE), hexane peel extract (HPeE), ethanolic pulp extract (EPuE), and ethanolic peels extract (EPeE). The activel compound screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). HPuE and HPeE contained 40 bioactive compounds and 60 bioactive compounds were detected in EPuE and EPeE. The scavenging activity of DPPH free radicals records a high level of inhibition ranging from 34.8 to 90.3% for EPeE and from 32.9 to 89.9% for EPuE, while hexane extracts scavenging activities (HPeE and HPuE) were 24.9-78.9% and 20.7-73.3% respectively at concentrations of 20 – 80 µg.ml-1 this activity has received considerable attention because of their physiological functions

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Nutritional Potential and Bioactive Compounds in Cereus jamacaru DC: An Multifaceted Cactus From Brazilian Semiarid

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v10i1.19006 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Michelle Maylla Viana De Almeida ◽

Fernando Dos Santos Araújo ◽

Alberício Pereira Andrade ◽

Pedro Gregório Vieira Aquino ◽

Roberta De Lima Valença ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Physicochemical Characteristic ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Pharmacological Interest ◽

Fruit Processing ◽

Soluble Solid ◽

Phytochemical Profile ◽

High Level

Cereus jamacaru DC. is an endemic cactus of the Brazilian semiarid region empirically used by humans for forage, food and medicinal purposes. In this paper, we characterize the physicochemical and phytochemical profile of the C. jamacaru cladode and fruits, outlining their nutritional implications. We evaluate the basic physicochemical characteristic of the fruits and the main classes of chemical compounds present in aqueous and ethanolic extracts from cladode, peel, and pulp of ripe and semi-ripe fruits through qualitatively and quantitatively methods. We analyze the data through descriptive statistics and variance analysis. The fruits have appropriate pH, acidity, and total soluble solid levels for the fruit processing industry and fresh consumption. We identified the presence of saponins, tannins, flavones, flavonols, and xanthones in all samples, but alkaloids and steroids were both detected in cladodes exclusively. The phenolic compound and flavonoid contents vary according to the extraction method and sample class. The cladodes and pulp of ripe fruits have the highest flavonoid levels, while the content of phenolic compounds had a high level in peels of ripe and semi-ripe fruits. The presence of these bioactive compounds implies that C. jamacaru products have relevant pharmacological interest and functionality for human (fruits) and domestic ruminant (cladodes) food. These applications can boost the agricultural-economic exploration of C. jamacaru and contribute to income generation, and improve human and animal nutrition.

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Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry chemical profile investigation and biological activities of ethylacetate fraction of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) pulp used in the treatment of urinary tract infections

Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development ◽

10.4102/jomped.v6i1.117 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kehinde O. Fagbemi ◽

Daniel A. Aina ◽

Roger M. Coopoosamy ◽

Olufunmiso O. Olajuyigbe

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Fruit Pulp ◽

Adansonia Digitata ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Ms Analysis

Background: As a result of high percentage of women infected with urinary tract infection (UTI) annually, many rural dwellers use Adansonia digitata fruit pulp as herbal cure. Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae) is one of the great trees idolised in Africa because of its therapeutic properties.Aim: This study aimed at identifying chemical compounds in the ethylacetate fraction of the baobab fruit pulp and indicated their biological activities to justify its use for the folkloric treatment of UTI.Methods: The crude extract from Baobab fruit pulp was partitioned and ethylacetate extract was used for assay. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was performed to identify the bioactive compounds in the ethylacetate fraction, antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays whilst the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by already adopted protocols. The antibacterial properties were tested against some urinary tract pathogens using macro broth dilution method.Results: A total of 36 bioactive compounds were identified by GC–MS analysis, most of them have been reported as antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiasthma, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. The extract exhibited highest activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 19582 (1.22 mg/mL) whilst Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 (˃ 8.6 mg/mL) displayed high level of resistance amongst the five bacterial isolates used in this study.Conclusion: These findings indicated that the extract contained bioactive compounds of therapeutic importance with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potentials and justify the folkloric use of this fruit in the treatment of UTIs by many African dwellers.

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n-alkanes in needle waxes of Pinus heldreichii var. pancici

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc100322089n ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 75 (10) ◽

pp. 1337-1346 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Biljana Nikolic ◽

Vele Tesevic ◽

Iris Djordjevic ◽

Milka Jadranin ◽

Marina Todosijevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chain Length ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Average Chain Length ◽

Epicuticular Waxes ◽

Carbon Preference Index ◽

Preference Index ◽

Hexane Extracts ◽

High Level

This is the first report of n-alkanes in needle epicuticular waxes of variety of Bosnian pine, Pinus heldreichii var. pancici. n-Hexane extracts of needle samples, originated from seven isolated localities in Serbia, were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results exhibited nalkanes in epicuticular waxes ranging from C18 to C33. The most abundant alkanes were C27, C23, C25 and C29 (12.53 %, 12.46 %, 12.00 % and 10.38 % on average, respectively). The carbon preference index (CPItotal) of Pinus heldreichii var. pancici ranges from 1.1 to 2.1 (1.6 on average), while average chain length (ACLtotal) ranges from 25.0 to 25.8 (25.3 on average). A high level of individual quantitative variation in all of these hydrocarbon parameters was also obtained. The obtained results were compared with the bibliographic references for Pinus heldreichii var. leucodermis and other species of the Pinus genus.

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SCREENING OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM UNKNOWN MARINE SPONGES COLLECTED FROM KOVALAM, CHENNAI

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.17347 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 231 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuvarani Thambidurai ◽

Skm Habeeb ◽

Joe Kizhakudan ◽

Sudarsanam D

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Dysidea Herbacea

Objective: This study is designed to hunt for the presence of bioactive compounds from three marine sponges collected from Kovalam.Methods: Zoochemical analysis is performed to screen for the presence of secondary metabolites. Based on those results, only two sponges which showed a significant presence of secondary metabolites has been subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to identify the unknown chemical compounds present in those sponges.Results: On analyzing the results, two sponges, namely, Dysidea herbacea and Sigmadocia pumila, has shown a significant presence of secondary metabolites while the third sponge Acanthella elongata have shown moderate presence of secondary metabolites. Since the first two sponges results are remarkable, these two samples have been subjected to GC-MS analysis to separate and identify the unknown chemical compounds present in the sample.Conclusion: Samples, namely, D. herbacea and S. pumila, indicated the presence of several components. From both the sponges, eleven different secondary metabolites were identified by GC-MS. Most of these compounds are widely used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and other industries and therefore a vital source for industrial biotechnology and related products in healthcare and skincare.Keywords: Dysidea herbacea, Sigmadocia pumila, Acanthella elongata, Secondary metabolites, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, Bioactive compounds.

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Analysis of Bioactive Compounds of Methanolic Leaves extract of Mentha pulegium Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Technique

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.v8i04.10543 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Israa Adnan Ibraheam ◽

Mohammed Yahya Hadi ◽

Imad Hadi Hameed

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Molecular Formula ◽

Mentha Pulegium

The objective of this study was analysis of the secondary metabolite products. Bioactives are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Sixteenth bioactive compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Mentha pulegium. The identification of bioactive chemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. GC-MS analysis of Mentha pulegium revealed the existence of the Erythritol , Cyclohexanone , 3-methyl-,(R)- , 2,4-Dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furan-3-one , 1-Oxaspiro[2.5]octan-4-one ,2,2,6-trimethyl-, cis- , Terpinyl formate , Acetamide , N-methyl-N-[4-(3-hydroxypyrrolidinyl)-2-butynyl]- , Pulegone , 2-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-7-en-3-one , 7-(1-hydroxypentyl)- , 2(3H)-Naphthalenone ,4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1-methoxy- , 2-Cyclopenten-1-one , 2-(2-butenyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-,(Z)- , (5β)Pregnane-3,20β-diol 14α,18α-[4-methyl-3-oxo-(1-oxa-4- , 2-(4-(But-2-yl)phenyl) propnoic acid , Nootkaton-11,12-epoxide , 2-Heptanone , 6-methyl-6-[3-methyl-3-(1-methylethenyl)-1-cyclo , Cholestan-3-ol , 2-methylene-, (3β,5α)- , 1-Heptatriacotanol and Digitoxin.

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Analysis of Bioactive Chemical Compounds of Trogoderma granarium (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH ◽

10.25258/ijtpr.v9i03.9071 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Jenan Mohammed Ubaid ◽

Abeer Fauzi Al-Rubaye ◽

Imad Hadi Hameed

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Benzoyl Chloride ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Pentanoic Acid ◽

Trogoderma Granarium ◽

Trans Methyl ◽

Phenacyl Thiocyanate

Methanolic extract of bioactive compounds of Trogoderma granarium was assayed. GC-MS analysis of Trogoderma granarium revealed the existence of the Pentanoic acid , 1,1-dimethylpropyl ester , (1H)-Pyrimidinone , 5-chloro-4,6- diphenyl, Cyclobutanemethanol , α-methyl- , Nitro-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol , Hydroxylamine ,O-(2-methylpropyl)- , Uridine , 2',3'-O-(phenylmethylene)- ,Acetic acid ,2-benzoylthio-,2-oxo-2-phenylethyl ester , methylpropyl)- , Uridine , 2',3'-O-(phenylmethylene)- , 5'-(4-methylbenzenesulfo , Indolinol , 1-benzoyl-, Benzeneethanol , β-methyl-,(s)- , Acetic acid ,2-benzoylthio-,2-oxo-2-phenylethyl ester , Phenacyl thiocyanate , Deoxy-L-ribose-2,5-dibenzoate , Methenamine , Alanine , N-methyl-n-propargyloxycarbonyl-, decyl ester , Benzoyl chloride , Thiophene-2-ol , benzoate , Ethanone , -(5- nitrotetrazol-2-yl)-1-phenyl- , 2,5-Dimethylhexane-2,5-dihydroperoxide , Benzamide , N-(3-benzylthio-1,2,4-thiadiazol- 5-yl)- , Methyl p-(2-phenyl-1-benzimidazolyl)benzoate , Methyl-2-phenoxyethylamine , Pentaborane(11) , cis-Methoxy- 5-trans-methyl-1R-cyclohexanol , Nitro-1-phenyl-3-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)propan-1-one , cis-Methoxy-5-transmethyl-1R-cyclohexanol. Trogoderma granarium produce many important secondary metabolites with high biological activities.

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Evaluation of antioxidant enzyme content, phenolic content, and antibacterial activity of Commiphora gileadensis grown in Saudi Arabia

Main Group Chemistry ◽

10.3233/mgc-200969 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 329-343

Author(s):

Yaaser Q. Almulaiky ◽

Ammar AL-Farga

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Reference Drug ◽

Wide Range ◽

Peel Extract

Commiphora gileadensis is commonly used in Saudi Arabia for oral hygiene. A lack of data about its biological activity encouraged us to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of its leaf and stem extracts. Ethanol, methanol, acetone and deionized water were tested as extraction solvents. 80% methanol gave the highest extracted concentrations of phenolic and flavonoid substances. The leaf and stem extracts were respectively evaluated for their radical scavenging activity with DPPH (EC50 = 3.39, and 1.06), ABTS (EC50 = 0.690, and 0.55), and peroxide scavenging activity (EC50 = 2.43, and 1.28). GC-MS identified a wide range of compounds that may be responsible for these activities of the results observed. The highest levels of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and lycopene were found in the leaf extract while level of proanthocyanidins was found in the stem peels extract. The peroxidase and catalase activities of stem peel extract were higher than those of the leaf extract. The findings showed that the leaf and stem peel extracts of C. gileadensis exhibited significant antibacterial activity against the test organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for the plant extracts were compared with the standard reference drug Augmentin but the time–kill curves for the C. gileadensis extracts showed that they were less effective than Augmentin. Moreover, the stem peel extract exhibited stronger antibacterial activity than the leaf extract. In conclusion, C. gileadensis can be an important source of natural antioxidants, used as a healthy chewing stick for teeth brushing and oral hygiene purposes.

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Therapeutic Potentials of Syzygium fruticosum Fruit (Seed) Reflected into an Array of Pharmacological Assays and Prospective Receptors-Mediated Pathways

Life ◽

10.3390/life11020155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Jannatul Nasma Rupa Moni ◽

Md. Adnan ◽

Abu Montakim Tareq ◽

Md. Imtiazul Kabir ◽

A.S.M. Ali Reza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Clot Lysis ◽

Lipinski’S Rule ◽

Lysis Activity ◽

In Silico Studies ◽

Immobility Time

Syzygium fruticosum (SF), a valuable Bangladeshi fruit, is considered an alternative therapeutic agent. Mainly, seeds are used as nutritional phytotherapy to ease physical and mental status by preventing chronic diseases. Here, we scrutinized the S. fruticosum seed’s fundamental importance in traditional medicine by following an integrated approach combining in vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies. The SF was fractionated with different solvents, and the ethyl acetate fraction of SF (EaF-SF) was further studied. Mice treated with EaF-SF (200 and 400 mg/kg) manifested anxiolysis evidenced by higher exploration in elevated plus maze and hole board tests. Similarly, a dose-dependent drop of immobility time in a forced swimming test ensured significant anti-depressant activity. Moreover, higher dose treatment exposed reduced exploratory behaviour resembling decreased movement and prolonged sleeping latency with a quick onset of sleep during the open field and thiopental-induced sleeping tests, respectively. In parallel, EaF-SF significantly (p < 0.001) and dose-dependently suppressed acetic acid and formalin-induced pain in mice. Also, a noteworthy anti-inflammatory activity and a substantial (p < 0.01) clot lysis activity (thrombolytic) was observed. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis resulted in 49 bioactive compounds. Among them, 12 bioactive compounds with Lipinski’s rule and safety confirmation showed strong binding affinity (molecular docking) against the receptors of each model used. To conclude, the S. fruticosum seed is a prospective source of health-promoting effects that can be an excellent candidate for preventing degenerative diseases.

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Evaluation of 3-Methylbutanoic Acid Methyl Ester as a Factor Influencing Flavor Cleanness in Arabica Specialty Coffee

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11125413 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 5413

Author(s):

Keiko Iwasa ◽

Harumichi Seta ◽

Yoshihide Matsuo ◽

Koichi Nakahara

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Arabica Coffee ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

Coffee Brew ◽

Coffee Beans ◽

Specialty Coffee

This paper reports on the chemical compounds in arabica coffee beans with a high Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) cupping score, especially those in specialty coffee beans. We investigated the relationship between the chemical compounds and cupping scores by considering 16 types of Coffea arabica (arabica coffee) beans from Guatemala (SCA cupping score of 76.5–89.0 points). Non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based chemometric profiling indicated that specialty beans with a high cupping score contained considerable amounts of methyl-esterified compounds (MECs), including 3-methylbutanoic acid methyl ester (3-MBM), and other fatty acid methyl esters. The effect of MECs on flavor quality was verified by spiking the coffee brew with 3-MBM, which was the top-ranked component, as obtained through a regression model associated with cupping scores. Notably, 3-MBM was responsible for the fresh-fruity aroma and cleanness of the coffee brew. Although cleanness is a significant factor for specialty beans, the identification of compounds that contribute to cleanness has not been reported in previous research. The chemometric profiling approach coupled with spiking test validation will improve the identification and characterization of 3-MBM commonly found in arabica specialty beans. Therefore, 3-MBM, either alone or together with MECs, can be used as a marker in coffee production.

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