scholarly journals ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN ANTARA PUPUK ORGANIK URIN KELINCI DENGAN PUPUK NON-ORGANIK (NPK MUTIARA) TERHADAP PENDAPATAN DAN HASIL PANEN WORTEL DI DESA HANAKAU KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanti Sundari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Hanakau Village, Sukau District, West Lampung Regency is a village where most people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. The main commodities grown in Hanakau Village are carrots, cabbage, sweet potatoes, and other types of vegetables such as mustard greens, tomatoes, peanuts, beans and chillies. Farmers there need chemical fertilizers, manure or animal dung in large quantities to fertilize the growth of vegetable crops. The use of chemical fertilizers in the village of Hanakau on agricultural land has continuously had a negative impact on the soil and the environment. Animals that are kept and used for manure in Hanakau Village are goats and rabbits. Rabbit urine has the highest nitrogen content compared to manure and urine of other livestock such as horses, buffaloes, cows, and sheep, because it is customary to never drink water and only consume green leaves and carrots. This study aims to see how far the difference between carrots and what are the economic benefits of using organic fertilizer (rabbit urine) and inorganic fertilizer (NPK Mutiara). The parameters observed in this study were plant height, number of leaf segments, measuring the diameter of the base of carrot tubers ready for harvest at 3 months. And the analysis used is to see an overview of the components of costs incurred and the benefits to be gained. The conclusion obtained is the growth of carrot plants using rabbit urine organic fertilizer and non-organic NPK Mutiara is not too significant difference. But there is a significant difference in net income for rabbit urine. The use of rabbit urine organic fertilizer is more profitable in terms of lower production costs (IDR 70,000) and higher income (IDR 130,000) compared to inorganic fertilizers (NPK Mutiara) Keywords: Organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, rabbit urine, NPK Mutiara, carrot

scholarly journals IbM KELOMPOK TANI SEJAHTERA YANG MENGHADAPI VIRUS KERITING PADA TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT(Capsicum frutescens L.) DI DESA KEDUNG PADANG, REJOSO, NGANJUK

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Sri Utami ◽  
Muh. Waskito Ardhi ◽  
Sigit Ari Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
High Price ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Pest

Thrips disease in pepper is a complicated issue that is perceived chili farmers in Kedung Padang. The disease is transmitted by Thrips pest sp resulting curly chili plants that do not produce fruit to the fullest. Scarcity and high price of chemical fertilizers made chili farmers find it difficult to get it. In addition, the negative impact of the use of chemical fertilizers to health neglected by farmers chili. The issues above pushed to perform the application of science and technology to society. Objectives and targets are IbM outcomes; (1) raise awareness of the dangers of the use of chemical insecticides; (2) counseling and manufacture of insecticides to control the mahogany seed Plant Pest Organisms (OPT) and; (3) reduce production costs; (4) increase the harvest of chili. The method used in IbM is using extension approaches and manufacture of insecticides from seed Mahogany and direct application on agricultural land area of ¼ acre pepper plants. IbM carried out for 12 months with activities and work procedures as follows; (1) manufacture of product samples; (2) extension hazards of chemical insecticides and manufacture of insecticides; (3) application of insecticides on ¼ acre of agricultural land cayenne pepper. IbM been carried out for 11 months ie from January to November 2014. The activities that have been carried out, among others; (1) manufacture of mahogany seed insecticide product samples; (2) insecticide application mahogany seeds ¼ acres of agricultural land cayenne pepper. Extension hazards of chemical insecticides and insecticide-making mahogany seeds.

scholarly journals Development Of Granule Form Making Fertilizers In Muhammadiyah 3 Morowudi Gresik Vocational School

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Efta Dhartikasari Priyana ◽  
Eko Budi Leksono ◽  
Said Salim Dahda
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Fertilizer is the most important thing in terms of caring for plant growth. This was identified because fertilizer has nutrient mineral elements which are really needed by the plants themselves. Fertilizer itself is divided into organic and inorganic fertilizers. Still related to the type of fertilizer itself, in order to get plants with good quality and cultivation, the fertilizer given must be balanced because it is in line with the contents that exist in each type of fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizer or better known as chemical fertilizer is more popular with many people because of its practicality, but it should be remembered that excessive use of chemical fertilizers also have a negative impact on soil fertility. Therefore organic fertilizer still plays a role in the field of inorganic fertilizer in order to offset the need for soil itself. Understanding the importance of a balance between organic and inorganic fertilizers, the community service conducted by providing training in making Guano fertilizer at SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Morowudi Gresik was chosen to be applied. Guano fertilizer was chosen as an alternative to the addition of a companion formula rather than inorganic fertilizer because of its content which is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, postasium which is needed by plants. Efforts to provide training to students of SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Morowudi Gresik are also expected to be able to boost cooperation than the students themselves in developing their potential to contribute to the community and schools

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH JAGUNG MENJADI PUPUK ORGANIK UNTUK PENYUBURAN LAHAN PERTANIAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daru Mulyono
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Stem Leaf

The use of maize waste plant materials (stem, leaf, and husk cover) have high economic value to be processed become organic fertilizer for agricultural land fertilizer. Maize have several and quite high contents of macro and micro nutrients. This activity was hoped that the farmers can overcome the increasing price of inorganic fertilizer recently and furthermore farmers can reap higher income. Beside higher income the use of organic fertilizer can improve the nature and behaviourof land through improving of soil chemical, soil physical, and soil microorganism. Therefore, the appropriate technology for processing of maize become organic fertilizer is very important to be diffused or socialized to farmers.Keywords: fertilizer, maize waste

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEMANFAATAN USAHA TANI KACANG TANAH SISTEM TUMPANGSARI

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
HERRY NUR FAISAL
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Harvesting Process ◽  
Important Position ◽  
The Village ◽  
Planting Season

ABSTRACT Peanuts are in the second most important position after soybeans in Indonesia, so they have the potential to be developed because peanuts have high economic value and have a large enough domestic market opportunity. Based on the area of ​​cultivation, peanuts rank fourth after rice, corn and soybeans. The results of the study are as follows 1). Farmers spend a production cost of Rp. 3,865,500 in a farm scale of 1 ha per planting season. Production costs include the means of producing fertilizer, purchasing peanut seeds, transportation and costs of tillage until the harvesting process. The net income received by farmers in farming peanuts in the intercropping system is the value obtained from the proceeds from the sale of peanuts minus all costs incurred by farmers in farming so that the farm income is IDR 6,434,500. 2). The B / C ratio of peanut farming in one crop in the intercropping in the village of kacangan, ngunut sub-district, Tulungagung Regency,> 1 is 1.66 so it is feasible to cultivate. Keywords: farming, economic benefits, peanuts, intercropping     ABSTRAK . Kacang tanah menduduki posisi kedua terpenting setelah kedelai di Indonesia sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan karena kacang tanah memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan memiliki peluang pasar dalam negeri yang cukup besar.Berdasarkan luas pertanaman, kacang tanah menempati urutan ke empat setelah padi, jagung dan kedelai.Hasil dari penelitian sebagai berikut 1). Petani mengeluarkan biaya produksi sebesar Rp 3.865.500,- dalam ukuran skala usahatani 1 ha tiap satu kali musim tanam. Biaya produksi meliputi sarana produksi pupuk, pembelian benih kacang tanah, transportasi dan biaya pengolahan tanah sampai proses pemanenan. Pendapatan bersih yang diterima petani dalam berusahatani kacang tanah pada system tumpangsari merupakan nilai yang didapatkan dari hasil penerimaan penjualan kacang tanah dikurangi dengan semua biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh petani dalam usahatani sehingga pendapatan usahatani sebesar Rp 6.434.500,-. 2). Rasio B/C usahatani kacang tanah dalam satu kali tanam pada tumpangsari di Desa kacangan kecamatan ngunut Kabupaten Tulungagung > 1 yaitu 1,66 sehingga layak untuk diusahakan. Kata Kunci : usaha tani, manfaat ekonomi, kacang tanah, tumpang sari

scholarly journals Pengaruh Biochar dan Pupuk Organik Cair dari Air Cucian Beras Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Selada

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Deno Okalia ◽  
Tri Nopsagiarti ◽  
Gusti Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference

Growing vegetable crops such as lettuce, on Ultisol soil has several obstacles, such as insufficient organic matter and nutrients in the soil. The provision of biochar and POC leri or organic fertilizer from rice washing liquid is expected to be a long-term and sustainable solution. This study was intended to test the addition of biochar to the growing media and the application of leri on lettuce cultivation. This study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) method. The first factor was the application of biochar to the planting medium (M), which consisted of M1: Ultisol without biochar and M2: Ultisol + 30 g biochar. The second factor was the administration of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) leri (P), with 5 treatments consisting of P0: without giving LOF leri, P1: giving LOF leri without fermentation once a week, P2: giving LOF leri without fermentation twice a week, P3: giving fermented LOF leri once a week, P4: giving fermented LOF leri twice a week. The results of this study were tested statistically by analysis of variance, with the F test; if there was a significant difference, it was continued with the BNJ test (Honest Significant Difference) at a 0.05 level. The results showed that the best treatment of LOF leri in increasing lettuce growth and yield was 25% fermented LOF leri given 2 times a week, at 250 mL per lettuce plant. As a single treatment the best growing media was M2 (Ultisol soil + 30 g of biochar) with a plant height of 25.80 cm and the leaf number of 12.83; whereas the best LOF leri treatment was P4 (fermented LOF leri given twice a week), with a plant height of 30.27 cm and leaf number of 14.42. Based on whole plant fresh weight, the best treatment was the M2P4 (Ultisol + biochar growing medium and fermented LOF leri given week), which was 185.99 g per plant. Keywords: household waste, lettuce, POC leri, rice washing liquid   ABSTRAK Melakukan budidaya tanaman sayuran, seperti selada, pada tanah Ultisol memiliki beberapa kendala, seperti kurangnya bahan organik dan unsur hara pada tanah tersebut. Pemberian biochar dan POC leri atau pupuk organik dari cairan cucian beras diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi yang bersifat jangka panjang dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menguji penambahan biochar pada media tanam dan pemberian leri pada budidaya selada. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah pemberian biochar pada media tanam (M), yang terdiri dari M1: Ultisol tanpa biochar dan M2: Ultisol + 30 g biochar. Faktor kedua adalah pemberian pupuk organic cair (POC) leri (P), dengan sebanyak 5 perlakuan yang terdiri dari adalah P0: tanpa pemberian POC leri, P1: pemberian POC leri tanpa fermentasi 1 kali seminggu, P2: pemberian POC leri tanpa fermentasi 2 kali seminggu, P3: pemberian POC leri fermentasi 1 kali seminggu, P4: pemberian POC leri fermentasi 2 kali seminggu. Hasil penelitian ini diuji secara statistik dengan analisis ragam, dengan uji F; bila terdapat perbedaan nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ (Beda Nyata Jujur) pada taraf 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan POC leri yang terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi selada adalah 25% POC leri fermentasi yang diberikan 2 kali seminggu, sebanyak 250 mL per tanaman selada. Secara tunggal perlakuan media tanam terbaik adalah M2 (tanah Ultisol+ 30 g biochar) dengan tinggi tanaman 25,80 cm dan jumlah daun 12, 83 helai; sedangkan perlakuan POC leri terbaik adalah P4 (POC leri fermentasi yang diberikan 2 kali seminggu), dengan tinggi tanaman 30,27 cm dan jumlah daun 14,42 helai. Berdasarkan berat basah tanaman, yang terbaik adalah pada perlakuan M2P4 (media tanam Ultisol + biochar dan POC leri fermentasi yang diberikan 2 kali seminggu), yaitu 185,99 g per tanaman. Kata kunci: cairan cucian beras, limbah rumah tangga, POC leri, selada

scholarly journals Pemberdayaan Petani dalam Mengurangi Residu Melalui Pertanian Ramah Lingkungan di BPP Tambun Utara, Kabupaten Bekasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Henita Fajar Oktavia
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Chemical Residues ◽  
Negative Impacts

Conventional agriculture used chemical fertilizers and pesticides for long-term had negative impacts on the environment, due to chemical residues that pollute the environment. In addition it has a bad impact on the harvest, because they contain chemical residues that may affect health of consumers. Recently, there has been a global issue in agricultural sector of back to nature, such as the use of biological materials as components of fertilizers and pesticides, as known as an environmentally friendly agriculture. Farmers in the area of ​​Badan Penyuluhan Pertanian (BPP) at North Tambun, Bekasi Regency, have land that is suitable for farming food crops, palawija and horticulture. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural production is still quite high until now, and doesn't used exact dose, method, type and frequency. To reduce the negative impact of residues using agricultural chemicals on the environment and yields, by replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, chemical pesticides with bio-pesticides. Farmer empowerment aims to increase knowledge, learning and skills regarding the selection of the composition of basic ingredients for making organic fertilizers and biopesticides, manufacturing training and assistance in how to apply directly to agricultural land. The outputs of PkM (Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) activities are increasing farmers understanding of environmentally friendly agriculture, increasing farmers knowledge in using organic fertilizers and biopesticides made by participants, and increasing interest and motivation from farmers to develop alternative organic fertilizers and bio-pesticides that are in accordance with the availability materials around and cropping patterns. It was proven that after counseling there was an increase in the knowledge aspect by 27.1%, the attitude aspect by 19.54% and the behavioral aspect by 8.9%.

scholarly journals Soil fertility status of agricultural land in mid-hill of Gorkha District, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Binod Dawadi ◽  
Sabitri Shrestha ◽  
Kishor Kumar Maharjan ◽  
Rabin Malla
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soil Fertility Status

Soil fertility management in agricultural land is challenging in hilly areas of Nepal. The study assesses the soil fertility status of Bari (upland) and Khet (lowland) agriculture land in Mid-hill of Gorkha district. Altogether 30 samples were collected from soil surface (0 to 20 cm) by using hand shovel in January, 2017. The soil fertility parameters like pH, organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K) were analyzed using standard methods in the laboratory of Central Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan University. Results revealed that an average pH in upland (6.62) was higher than the lowland (5.94). Similarly, OM (3.95%) and K (36.49 kgha-1) were relatively high in upland. In addition, pH, OM and available K were significantly varied at p<0.05 in upland and lowland soils, however, there is no significant difference in TN and available P. In addition, soil nutrient index showed that status of available K in both types of land is low, while OM and TN are medium soil quality in upland and lowland soil. The use of organic fertilizer and improved farming system can maintain and sustain soil fertility for crop growth and yield. Understanding distribution of soil nutrients in the study area might be useful for planners to make effective soil fertilizer management strategies.

scholarly journals Adding Compost to Oil Palm Planting Holes can Increase the Diversity of Soil Fungi without Significantly Affecting the Gas Emissions on Wetlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Hasrul Satria Nur ◽  
Abdul Hadi ◽  
Rindang Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
The One

<p>The use of chemical fertilizers have been negative impact on environment, especially in increased the gas emissions and reduced the diversity of microbes, such as bacteria, actinomycetes, and soil fungi.  As the one of the alternatively is used the combined compost.  For instance, grass compost with the added of inorganic fertilizer (chemical), oil palm empty fruit bunches compost with the added of inorganic fertilizer, and the inorganic fertilizer without compost.  The measuring of gas emissions was carried out on CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O at several of the oil palm planting holes.  Every sample gases were collected by the chambers installed with syringe. .Thus, the gas emissions were analyzed by chromatography gas type GHG 450 Shimadzu.  Besides that, the diversity of soil fungi were also determined by the characterization and identification.  The result of this research showed of reducting on CH<sub>4 </sub> that was appplied by the combined of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost with inorganic fertilizers i.e., 0.019 until-0.316 g CH<sub>4</sub>.m<sup>-2</sup>.h<sup>-1</sup>.  The same patterns were also demonstrated by CO<sub>2</sub> from the treament of oil palm empty fruit bunch with inorganic fertilizers, viz 755.246 untill-2.331 g CO<sub>2</sub>.m<sup>-2</sup>.h<sup>-1</sup>.  Relating to N<sub>2</sub>O, it has undergone reduced by grass compost with inorganic fertilizers, viz-27.726 until-25.622 mg N<sub>2</sub>O.m<sup>-2</sup>.h<sup>-1</sup> .  Meanwhile, the genera of soil fungi that were found on the sites after applying combining compost, viz <em>Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Gonatobotrys, Gonatorrhodiella, Oidiodendron, Penicillium, Rhynchosporium, Rhizopus, Trichoderma,</em> and <em>Trichocladium</em>.  Therefore, the use of compost with combining chemical fertilizers are potentially to apply into the oil palm field on wetlands.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Response of Soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merrill) to Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Jonie C Simbulan ◽  
Norman De Jesus
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

The effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield performance of soybean was evaluated at ALIAS R & DE Center, Pampanga State Agricultural University, PAC, Magalang, Pampanga from December 2017 to March 2018. It was laid out in the field according to the procedures of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments tested were T1 – No fertilizer application, T2 – 500 kg/ha of Power Organic, T3 – 21.74 kg/ha of Urea and 150 kg/ha of Super Phosphate, T4 – 250 kg/ha of Power Organic + 10.87 kg/ha of Urea and 75 kg/ha of Super Phosphate, T5 – 375 kg/ha of Power Organic + 5.44 kg/ha of Urea and 37.5/ha of Super Phosphate, T6 – 125 kg/ha of Power Organic + 16.31 kg/ha of Urea and 112 kg/ha of Super Phosphate. Results revealed that all organic and inorganic fertilizers applied crops were significantly different in terms of days to flowering, plant height at flowering, length of pods, weight of 100 seeds and computed seed yield per hectare. Cost and return analysis reveals that the highest net income and return of investment was derived from the combination of 50 % organic and 50 % inorganic fertilizer. Conjunctive use of organic and inorganic fertilizer, that is, 50 % recommended rate of organic fertilizer (Power organic) along with 50 % recommended rate of inorganic fertilizer (Urea and Super Phosphate) can enhance the growth and yield performance of soybean and can help the farmer to increase their production with higher net income.

scholarly journals Effects of Spatial Arrangements and Fertilizers on Productivity in Maize (Zea mays) and Spinach (Celosia argentea) Intercrop

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Olufunke Olubunmi Olajide
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Significant Difference

Maize production falls short of demands in the world because of continuous cropping of a land area, which result into loss of natural soil fertility and decline in yield. This study was undertaken to investigate the performance of maize to organic and inorganic fertilizer and to ascertain spacing for maize-spinach intercrop. The experiment was conducted at the National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan. The nutrient sources were farmyard organic manure (derived from household waste materials), and inorganic fertilizer (NPK 15:15:15). These soil nutrient sources were applied at the rate of 100Kg N/ha. The plant spacing used for the maize/spinach intercrop include; 75 x 50 cm, 75 x 75 cm, 75 x 25 cm-sole maize and 25 x 10 cm-sole spinach. Data collected were; plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, leaf area, and yield per cob and fresh weight of spinach. All data were analyzed using the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means separated by the least significant difference at 5% probability (LSD, 0.05). F1T1 and F2T4 produced better values for growth and yield parameters than other treatments. The highest value for fresh weight of spinach was obtained at F2T2 (9.30Kg).The results suggested that the application of NPK fertilizer was the best nutrient source for maize production and maize-spinach intercrop should be planted at either 75 x 50 cm spacing, although organic fertilizer is environmental friendly, cheaper and release nutrients contents are slowly, store longer in the soil, thus subsequent planting can still benefit already from previous application.

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