Technical and technological ensuring for individual milk yield accounting and apportion cow’s feeding

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
V. V. Tkach ◽  
A. I. Fenenko ◽  
S. A. Yaczko ◽  
V. V. Bratishko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
The World ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
Experimental Researches

Annotation Purpose. Improving the efficiency of the milk production process by developing automatic technical means for individual milk accounting and targeted cows feeding. Methods. Generalization of world experience in creating means forindividual milk accountingand dosed issuance of concentrated feeds. Experimental studies based on general mechanics principles. Results. The world experience of technical and technological support of monitoring individual cow’s productivity is generalized. The parameters of the technological process of targeted cows feeding are substantiated. The results of experimental researches and industrial check of technical means for individual milk accounting and dosed delivery of concentrated fodder are given. Conclusions. As a result of the research, automatic technical means were developed for monitoring individual milk yield and dosed distribution of concentrated feed, which makes it possible to create a targeted feeding system for cows on their basis. Keywords: automation of milking, milk flow sensor, feed dispenser, machine milking, cow feeding, individual milk accounting.

scholarly journals Advanced control unit for adaptive milking equipment based on a portion counter of a weight type

2019 ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afanasiev, I. ◽  
Tkach, V.
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
Milking Machine ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose. Improving the efficiency of the process of machine milking cows by improving the accuracy of determining the intensity of milk production and individual milking milk yield on the basis of a portion counter weight. Methods. Experimental studies were conducted on the basis of methods of planned experiment on the basis of a laboratory stand of the department of biotechnical systems in animal husbandry and feedstock of NSC “IAEE”. The data obtained were processed using the methods of mathematical statistics and regression analysis. Results. The relationship between the milk production rate and the actual weight of a portion of milk measured by a batch counter was experimentally established. According to the results of the researches, an advanced control unit for milking equipment on the Arduino element base was created, which adjusts the readings of a portion counter of weight type according to the actual intensity of milk production and provides adaptive change of the working vacuum pressure in the collector of the milking machine. Conclusions. An advanced control unit for milking machines has been developed, which allows to reduce the error of measuring milk yield from 12% to 4.9% to estimate the value of instant milk production with an accuracy of 5.7%. Keywords: adaptive milking equipment, milking machine, machine milking.

Effect of stimulation intensity on oxytocin release before, during and after machine milking

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Weiss ◽  
Alen Dzidic ◽  
Rupert M Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Flow Profile ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Oxytocin Release ◽  
Stimulation Period ◽  
Stimulation Of

Release of oxytocin (OT) is essential for milk ejection in dairy cows (Lefcourt & Akers, 1983; Bruckmaier & Blum, 1998). During milk ejection, alveolar milk is shifted into the cistern, which causes an increase of intracisternal pressure (Bruckmaier et al. 1994). To initiate maximum milk ejection at the start of milking, increasing OT concentration beyond a threshold level is sufficient (Schams et al. 1983). Increasing OT concentration beyond this threshold has no additional effect on intracisternal pressure, i.e., milk ejection (Bruckmaier et al. 1994). Stimulatory effects of milking by hand or by machine or by suckling are well documented (Gorewit et al. 1992; Bar-Peled et al. 1995; Tancin et al. 1995; Bruckmaier & Blum, 1996). At the start of milking, stimulatory effects of machine milking without pre-stimulation or with a manual pre-stimulation and subsequent machine milking cause the release of comparable amounts of OT (Gorewit & Gassman, 1985; Mayer et al. 1985; Bruckmaier & Blum, 1996), whereas the timing of the applied pre-stimulation is important for the shape of the milk flow curve. Should the pre-stimulation period be too short, or absent altogether, the start of the main milk flow is delayed resulting in a bimodal milk flow profile (Bruckmaier & Blum, 1996). Furthermore, the stimulation of only one teat causes an OT release similar to that caused by stimulation of all four teats (Bruckmaier et al. 2001). However, milk production is greater for hand milking or suckling than for machine milking, possibly owing to higher OT concentrations (Gorewit et al. 1992; Bar-Peled et al. 1995).

scholarly journals Interruption of machine milking in dairy cows: effects on intramammary pressure and milking characteristics

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Ulrich Pfeilsticker ◽  
Rupert M. Bruckmaier ◽  
Jürg W. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Ejection Rate ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Milking Machine

SUMMARYExperiments were designed to test the hypothesis that milk ejection rate decreases during milking, thereby causing insufficient refill of the cistern and decreasing milk flow rate towards the end of milking. In a first series of experiments machine milking of the left front quarters of 11 cows was interrupted for 2 min after removal of 25, 50 or 75% of expected total milk yield, while milking was continued in the other three quarters. Milk flow was recorded during machine-on times. Intramammary pressure (IMP) was recorded during premilking teat stimulation and during interruption of milking. IMP during interruption of milking decreased with decreasing amounts of milk remaining in the udder. The IMP did not change during these interruptions when they occurred after 25 and 50% of expected total milk yield was removed. Thus, the ejection rate could keep up with the milk flow or removal rate. However, IMP increased during interruption of milking following removal of 75% of total yield, although significantly so only in cows with a high milk flow rate. Obviously, more milk was removed than was transported to the cisternal cavity. It is likely that a reduced ejection rate caused the decreased milk flow rate. In a second series of experiments the pulsation ratio of the milking machine was changed from the usual 70:30 to 50:50 with the aim of reducing the milk flow rate and thus adapting to the ejection rate at the end of milking. The changed pulsation ratio caused a reduced peak flow rate and a prolonged high milk flow period, whereas the main flow rate did not change significantly.

scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTIVE-REGIME PARAMETERS OF VARIABLE RUBBER OF VARIABLE SECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Hrytsun ◽  
Ihor Babyn
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Engineering Calculation ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Vibration Effect ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milking Machine

Domestic and foreign industries do not produce milking machines that would fully comply with the physiology of animals. Full milking of the udder and reduction of cows with ma-stit significantly depends on the operation of the milking machine. The quality of serial milking cups does not fully meet modern zootechnical requirements. In the process of their work, especially at the beginning and at the end of milking cows, "idle" milking can take place at nominal vacuum. Milking at high vacuum often irritates the teat sphincter, which often causes mastitis in animals, followed by cancer. Also, along with the growth of milk production, its quality is extremely important. The main technical solutions for milking machines with controlled change of vacuum pressure are analyzed. Some theoretical and experimental studies of the milking machine, which provides a reduction of the vacuum load on the udder and a rigid vibration effect on the teat sphincter at nominal vacuum in the process of machine milking cows. Despite the many known solutions to improve the milking machine, the task of creating a design that combines high productivity and stimulation of the reflex remains relevant. Designs of milking machines are now being improved mainly in two directions, namely - the development of milking machines that allow you to adjust the operating parameters depending on the level of milk yield and design improvements of milking machines that stimulate the milk reflex without causing the animal negative effects. Theoretical studies of the working process of machine milking allowed to systematize the method of engineering calculation of the milking machine with controlled mode of vacuum pressure on the teats of the cow and to determine the optimal design parameters of the executive mechanisms. The obtained analytical expressions characterize the influence of their parameters and mode of operation on the dynamics of milk production during machine milking of cows.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF SIMMENTAL COWS FOR MACHINE MILKING SUITABILITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
E.I. Anisimova ◽  
◽  
P.S. Katmakov ◽  
A.V. Bushov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Agricultural Cooperative ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The paper presents results of studies on evaluating Simmental cows for machine milking suitability. It was found that 78.7% of cows had a bowl-shaped udder, round - 14.7% and goat - 6.6% of cows at ‘agricultural production cooperative “COMBINE”. Bowl-shaped cows are more productive. Their milk yield was 4724 kg for 305 days of lactation with a fat content of 3.97% and a protein content of 3.30%. Their udder index was 47.7%. As for cows with a rounded udder shape, milk yield per lactation was 4246 kg with fat and protein content of 4.08 and 3.26% , respectively, and an udder index of 46.1%. Cows with a goat udder shape were characterized by low milk yield (3181 kg) and the worst parametres of milk fat content (3.88%), milk protein (3.20%) and udder index (2.2%). Approximately the same pattern is observed in the herd of the agricultural cooperative “Abodimovskiy” with slightly worse parametres of cow productivity. The intensity of milk production of cows of agricultural production cooperative “Abodimovsiy” with a bowl-shaped udder was 1.42, round - 1.35 and goat - 1.18 kg / min. Cows with a rounded udder shape had higher milk flow rate, which was equal to 1.65 kg / min, with a bowl-shaped one - 1.24 and with a goat udder shape- 1.09 kg / min in agricultural production cooperative “Combine”. No relation was found between udder index and milk composition. There is also no conjugation between the intensity of milk flow and fat and protein content for udder quarters and for the udder as a whole, whereas a positive correlation was found between the intensity of milk flow and daily milk yield.

scholarly journals Milk flow, teat morphology and subclinical mastitis prevalence in Gir cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1507-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio de Felicio Porcionato ◽  
Weber Vilas Boas Soares ◽  
Carolina Barbosa Malek dos Reis ◽  
Cristina Simões Cortinhas ◽  
Lucinéia Mestieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Ultrasound Scanning ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
The Right ◽  
Teat Canal

The aim of this work was to evaluate the association between milk flow, teat morphological measurements and subclinical mastitis prevalence in Gir cows. Eighty cows in the 2nd and 3rd lactations, with 90 to 200 days of lactation, were divided according to milk flow during milking into fast or slow groups. Teat morphometry was assessed by ultrasound scanning of the right anterior teat and external measurements. Milk samples were collected for somatic cells count (SCC) and microbiological culture. The effect of milk flow during milking was evaluated by analysis of variance of milk yield, SCC, morphometry and external measurements. The association of morphometry and external measurements of the teats with the SCC and microorganisms found in milk were analysed. Milk flow was significantly correlated to milk production. Gir cows with slower milk flow had longer teat canal and greater milk yield, in comparison to cows with fast milk flow. Teat-end to floor distance influenced SCC of Gir cows. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis and the type of mastitis-causing pathogens were not affected by milk flow during milking

scholarly journals  The level of udder emptying and milk flow stability in Tsigai, Improved Valachian, and Lacaune ewes during machine milking

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mačuhová ◽  
V. Tančin ◽  
M. Uhrinčať ◽  
J. Mačuhová
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Flow Curve ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
The Stability ◽  
June July ◽  
Daily Milk

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the stability of milk flow curves and the volume of residual milk in relation to milk flow curves in breeds Tsigai, Improved Valachian, and Lacaune (n = 16 heads per breed) milked twice daily. Milk flow type stability was evaluated at morning milking (stabile milkings) during three successive days in the middle of two months (June, July). After the following fourth morning milking (OT milkings) in both months, oxytocin was injected intravenously at a dose of 2 UI. Afterwards the ewes were milked again in order to remove residual milk. The milk flow curves were classified into four types: 1 peak (1P), 2 peaks (2P), plateau I (maximal milk flow over 0.4 l/min) (PLI), plateau II (maximal milk flow less than 0.4 l/min) (PLII). If all milk flow curves of one animal were of the same type within one month and within both months, respectively, the animal was characterized as the ewe with the stabile type of milk flow. Frequency of occurrence of single milk flow types (1P : 2P : PLI : PLII) during stabile milkings was 42 : 49 : 9 : 0% in June and 51 : 37.5 : 11.5 : 0% in July. 33 ewes (i.e. 69%) had the stabile type of milk flow within both months. But, more than 51% of them had 1P type of milk flow. Milk production varied according to milk flow curve during OT milkings (0.427 ± 0.015, 0.498 ± 0.024, and 0.655 ± 0.035 l for 1P, 2P, and PLI, respectively). The highest percentage of residual milk from total milk yield (RM/TMY) was observed in ewes with 1P (20.29 ± 0.85%), followed by ewes with PLI (12.31 ± 1.99%) and 2P (9.72 ± 1.36%) (P < 0.0001). Lacaune ewes had the lowest amount of residual milk (0.054 ± 0.006 l) and RM/TMY (9.86 ± 1.16%) compared to breeds Tsigai (0.088 ± 0.008 l; 16.47 ± 1.44%) and Improved Valachian (0.069 ± 0.010 l; 15.99 ± 1.78%) indicating their better udder emptying.  

scholarly journals The comparison of the lactation and milk yield and composition of selected breeds of sheep and goats

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Ferro ◽  
L. O. Tedeschi ◽  
A. S. Atzori
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
The World

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize the milk yield (MY) and milk composition of relevant sheep and goat breeds raised around the world to be used with nutrition models for diet formulation and nutrient balancing. A 2-step approach was used. First, a database developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization was used to identify relevant breeds (i.e., frequently raised) by comparing the occurrence of transboundary breed names across countries. We selected transboundary breeds that occurred more than 3 times and other relevant breeds obtained from the specialized literature that had milk production information (e.g., MY, days in milk, and milk fat, protein, and lactose). The majority of sheep breeds were classified as nondairy (76%) because they lacked milk production information. Karakul and Merino accounted for up to 2.4% of sheep breeds raised around the world, whereas the other individual breeds accounted for less than 1%. In contrast, nondairy breeds of goats accounted for 46.3% and of the remaining 53.7%, Saanen, Boer, Anglo-Nubian, Toggenburg, and Alpine accounted for 6.5, 5, 4.4, 4, and 3%, respectively, of the transboundary breeds. Second, a database compiled from published studies for the selected sheep (n = 65) and goats (n = 78) breeds were analyzed using a random coefficients model (studies and treatments within studies as random effects). For sheep breeds, the average and SD were 1.1 ± 0.3 kg/d for MY, 6.9 ± 1% for milk fat, 5.4 ± 0.4% for milk protein, 5 ± 0.3% for milk lactose, 17.7 ± 1.4% for milk total solids, and 1,073 ± 91 kcal/kg of milk energy. Lacaune had the greatest MY compared to Comisana and Tsigai (1.65 versus 0.83 and 0.62 kg/d; respectively, P < 0.05), but milk components were not different among breeds. For goats breeds, the average and SD across breeds were 1.7 ± 0.6 kg/d for MY, 4.2 ± 0.9% for milk fat, 3.3 ± 0.4% for milk protein, 4.4 ± 0.4% for milk lactose, 12.7 ± 1.1% for milk total solids, and 750 ± 75 kcal/kg of milk energy. Alpine had similar MY to Saanen (2.66 versus 2.55 kg/d, respectively; P > 0.05), but greater (P < 0.05) than other breeds. The Boer breed had the greatest milk fat, protein, lactose, and total solids than several other breeds, leading to the greatest milk energy content (907 kcal/kg). Because there are many factors that can alter MY and milk composition, averages provided in this study serve as guidelines, and nutritionists must obtain observed values when using nutrition models.

The impact of crossbreeding Egyptian and Italian buffalo on milk yield and composition under subtropical environmental conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed AF Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
The World ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Egyptian Buffalo ◽  
Daily Milk

Buffalo are the second most valuable species in the world for milk production and their milk prices have been based on fat and protein composition. The aim of the paper was to compare the milk yield and composition of pure Egyptian buffalo (EB) and their crosses with the Italian buffalo and to investigate the impact of temperature humidity index (THI) on milk yield and composition under subtropical stressful conditions. 516 lactating buffalo were used (152 EB; 176 F1 crosses 50% EB and 50% Italian buffalo and 188 back cross (BC) 75% EB and 25% Italian buffalo). The results revealed that, milk yield (5·79 and 10·32%) and peak yield (6·36 and 7·67%) were significantly higher in F1 and BC than in EB, respectively. BC had 7·74 and 3·67% significantly higher daily yield when compared with EB and F1, respectively. EB were robust in the hot condition as the only reduction was in the peak of milk production from 15·02 in low THI to 13·72 kg in high THI, but fat and total solids%, were increased from 5·61 and 16·31 THI in low to 7·01 and 17·59 in high THI, respectively. BC was similar to some extent to EB as their milk was similar to EB under sever hot climate conditions (2331·92 and 2327·50 kg, respectively). A statistically significant reduction in the average daily milk yields was detected only in F1 from 10·33 to 8·38 kg in low and high THI level, respectively. The current study showed that BC produced a higher milk with higher daily average milk yield and peak yield with some evidence of robust under sever hot condition which were approximately similar to EB. Thus, it is recommended to encourage the producers to increase the number of BC animals in their farm for improving the milk production to fulfil the demand of Egyptian markets.

scholarly journals Temperament of Holstein Friesian cows in milking parlour and its relation to milk production

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Szentléleki ◽  
Jeremy Hervé ◽  
Ferenc Pajor ◽  
Daniel Falta ◽  
János Tőzsér
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

The aim of this study was to evaluate the change of temperament of Holstein cows scored before and during milking during the entire lactation and to calculate correlation between temperament measured in the two moments as well as milk production traits and temperament. Observations were carried out on 17 primiparous Holstein Friesian cows starting their lactation within 85 days. Measurements of temperament and milk production traits were taken once in each month of the lactation, during the morning milking, in a milking parlour. Temperament was assessed in a 5-point scale during udder preparation and milking procedure (1: very nervous, 5: very quiet). Data of milk yield and milk flow were collected individually on each test day morning. Results showed changes during the lactation in temperament of cows scored directly before milking (P < 0.01), however, temperament during milking did not alter with months (P > 0.10). By correlation coefficients, behaviour assessed in the two moments cannot be regarded as the same. In addition loose, significant relations were found only between milk traits and temperament before milking.

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