scholarly journals Application of Steam Enhanced Extraction Method on BTEX Contaminated Soil in A Nigerian Petroleum Depot and Automobile Workshop Sites in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Ismail Muhibbu-din ◽  
Ayodele Isaac Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Remediation Process

The contamination of soil in the environment is a natural consequence of industrialization and urbanization. Organic chemical pollutants dissolve into groundwater, absorb and adsorb into soil grains. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are major causes of contaminated soil. This is due to fuel leakages or spillages, various forms of hydrocarbon burning/combustion and land disposal petroleum base oil. Contaminated soil samples were excavated from two different locations within the Ilorin metropolis; pipelines and products marketing company, a Nigerian petroleum depot, Ilorin depot and auto mechanic workshop of over ten years. Steam enhanced extraction method was employed through injection of steam to contaminated soil from steam generator into soil pot where contaminated soil was placed. The condensation of steam on soil particles provides energy to release desorbed contaminants molecules from the soil and the mobilized contaminants vapor was transferred into the recovery pot via the pipe that was connected to the soil pot. After the remediation process, the steamed soil samples were taken to the laboratory where the sonication extraction technique was used to extract the contaminants (BTEX) from the steamed soil samples of 30, 60 and 90 minutes respectively. The extract from the steamed soil samples of 30, 60 and 90 minutes was subjected to Gas Chromatography fitted with flame ionization detector analysis to determine the exact amount of BTEX removed after the remediation process. Pre-treated soil sample of auto mechanics workshop was found to be 4.5004 x 10-1 mg/kg and post-treated soil samples were found to be 1.8164 x10-1 mg/kg, 8.7519 x10-1 mg/kg and 5.7006 x10-2 mg/kg  for 30, 60 and 90 minutes respectively after remediation process while Pre-treated soil sample of a Nigerian petroleum depot was found to be 6.6049 x 10-1 mg/kg and post-treated soil samples were found to be 2.9320 x10-1 mg/kg, 1.9855 x10-1 mg/kg and 1.0237 x10-1 mg/kg  for 30, 60 and 90 minutes respectively after the remediation process. This study established the effectiveness of the remediation process of hydrocarbon contaminated soil using steam enhanced extraction method an In situ remediation technique.

Evaluation of Nanotechniques and Conventional Techniques for the Removal of Dioxins

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Vaishali V. Shahare ◽  
Rajni Grover ◽  
Suman Meena
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dioxins And Furans ◽  
Palladized Iron ◽  
The Impact

Background: The persistent dioxins/furans has caused a worldwide concern as they influence the human health. Recent research indicates that nonmaterial may prove effective in the degradation of Dioxins/furans. The nanomaterials are very reactive owing to their large surface area to volume ratio and large number of reactive sites. However, nanotechnology applications face both the challenges and the opportunities to influence the area of environmental protection. Objective: i) To study the impact of oil mediated UV-irradiations on the removal of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDF, OCDD and OCDF in simulated soil samples. ii) To compare the conventional treatment methods with the modern available nanotechniques for the removal of selected Dioxins/furans from soil samples. Methods: The present work has investigated an opportunity of the degradation of tetra and octachlorinated dioxins and furans by using oil mediated UV radiations with subsequent extraction of respective dioxins/furans from soils. The results have been compared with the available nanotechniques. Results: The dioxin congeners in the simulated soil sample showed decrease in concentration with the increase in the exposure time and intensity of UV radiations. The dechlorination of PCDD/Fs using palladized iron has been found to be effective. Conclusion: Both the conventional methods and nanotechnology have a dramatic impact on the removal of Dioxins/furans in contaminated soil. However, the nanotechniques are comparatively costlier and despite the relatively high rates of PCDDs dechlorination by Pd/nFe, small fraction of the dioxins are recalcitrant to degradation over considerable exposure times.

scholarly journals INDUCED DEGRADATION OF CRUDE OIL POLLUTED SOIL BY MICROBIAL AUGMENTATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
SYLVESTER UWADIAE ◽  
EMIKE OMOAYENA
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Percentage Removal

This study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of indigenous microbes for remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil by first increasing the population of the indigenous microbes via bioaugmentation. Soil samples were treated using a consortium of bacteria: Bacillus substilis and Pseudomonas sp. which were isolated and cultured from the contaminated soil. The non-bacteria injected soil sample had the highest hydrocarbon content (THC) of 271.021 in comparison with the other soil samples. The THC percentage removal of B1 (96.885 %), B2 (97.562 %), B3 (98.835 %), B4 (99.594 %) and B5 (99.540 %) were higher than that of the control; indicating that biodegradation actually took place.

Phyto-Availability of Potentially Toxic Metals in Curcubita ficifolia Grown on Contaminated and Non-Contaminated Soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Conrad K. Enenebeaku ◽  
Chidozie N. Anyanwu ◽  
Nnaemeka J. Okorocha ◽  
Uchechi E. Enenebeaku ◽  
Emmanuel Nzediegwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Before And After

In order to estimate plant available fraction of metals in two soil samples-contaminated soil (A) and non-contaminated soil (B), a vegetable crop,Curcubita ficifoliawas grown on both soil samples. The matured leaf was harvested and analyzed for its metal concentration after three (3) months of growth. The soil samples were collected before and after planting, digested with acid and analyzed to determine the pseudo total metal concentration and quantification was done using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). To correlate metal accumulation by the vegetable with potential bioavailability of metals in soils, sequential extraction (SE) using the modified BCR technique was performed on the soils. Soil sample B was used for quality control. It was observed that each metal differed considerably in uptake. And theC. ficifoliacultivated on soil sample A had tissue concentrations of Zn, Mn and Cu as follows: 39.6mgkg-1, 18.3mgkg-1and 26.3mgkg-1respectively. Also,C. ficifoliacultivated on soil sample B had a lower absorption of Zn, Mn and Cu with concentrations of 10.21mgkg-1, 9.11mgkg-1, and 7.6mgkg-1respectively. Results of sequential extraction showed that Zn for soil sample A, and Fe for sample B were mostly present in the acid exchangeable and reducible fractions where these metals were mostly taken up.

Comparative study of antimicrobial efficiency of biosurfactant producing Pseudomonas spp. from different soil samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mahulkar Ankita Vidyadhar Vaijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Emulsification Index ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficiency ◽  
Test Drop

Amphiphilic biosurfactants are surface-active biological molecules secreted by hydrocarbanoclastic microorganisms. Biosurfactants are eco-friendly, less toxic, biodegradable, and low-cost material, so it has more advantages over chemical surfactants. In this research, Pseudomonas spp., biosurfactant producing microorganisms isolated from different sources of soil samples. IS1, IS2, IS3, IS4 isolates obtained from Garden soil sample; Metal contaminated soil sample; Petroleum contaminated soil sample; Oil contaminated soil sample; respectively. Each isolates identified as Pseudomonas spp. Furthermore, screened for biosurfactant producers. Each isolate showed positive results for the hemolysis test, drop collapse test, oil displacement test, and emulsification test. All isolate incubated in mineral salt medium for biosurfactant production. Biosurfactant extracted from IS1, IS2, IS3, IS4 showed 35%, 65%, 20%, 52% emulsification index respectively. Antimicrobial activity of extracted biosurfactants against pathogenic microorganisms checked by agar cup method. IS2 isolate shows the highest antimicrobial activity among all. All isolate showed a higher zone of inhibition against gram-positive microorganisms than gram-negative microbes. The purpose of this study involves the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of biosurfactant producers from the soil environment.

scholarly journals Shrinkage Mechanism of Laterite Modified by Lime and Metakaolin

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yunzhi Tan ◽  
Yan Hu ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Wenjing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Shearing Resistance ◽  
Study Results

In this study, effects of metakaolin and lime on the microstructural characteristics, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), shrinkage, suction, and shear resistance of laterite were investigated. Soil samples treated with 5 wt% of lime (LaL) or 4 wt% metakaolin and 5 wt% of lime (LaLM) were prepared. Samples with an optimal water content of 32% were compacted and cured for 180 days, followed by saturation and dehydration until the desirable water content of the samples was attained. Then, the UCS, shrinkage, and suction and shear resistance of the samples at a normal stress of 200 kPa were determined. In addition, scanning electron microscopy imaging as well as mercury intrusion porosimetry tests were performed to examine the microstructural changes. Results indicate that the shrinkage of treated soil samples is significantly improved in comparison with that of the untreated soil samples. Lime effectively improves the UCS and shearing resistance of laterite. Moreover, metakaolin is composed of amorphous silicon and aluminium oxides and shared edge-face structures on the microscopic scale; hence, it can considerably capture calcium ions from a lime solution, generating cementitious hydrates in the interaggregates of laterite. Results also revealed that the combination of 5 wt% of lime and 4 wt% of metakaolin can improve the UCS and shearing resistance, but the linear shrinkage is particularly restrained, significantly decreasing by 4 times compared with that of the lime-treated soil sample and by 8 times compared with that of the untreated soil sample. The study results demonstrate that metakaolin and lime can be effectively used to improve laterite in lieu of the conventional lime treatment for mitigating geotechnical engineering disasters.

scholarly journals INDUCED DEGRADATION OF CRUDE OIL POLLUTED SOIL BY MICROBIAL AUGMENTATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
SYLVESTER UWADIAE ◽  
EMIKE OMOAYENA
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Percentage Removal

<p>This study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of indigenous microbes for remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil by first increasing the population of the indigenous microbes via bioaugmentation. Soil samples were treated using a consortium of bacteria: <em>Bacillus substilis</em> and <em>Pseudomonas sp</em>. which were isolated and cultured from the contaminated soil. The non-bacteria injected soil sample had the highest hydrocarbon content (THC) of 271.021 in comparison with the other soil samples. The THC percentage removal of B1 (96.885 %), B2 (97.562 %), B3 (98.835 %), B4 (99.594 %) and B5    (99.540 %) were higher than that of the control; indicating that biodegradation actually took place.</p>

scholarly journals STUDY OF PURIFICATION PROCESSES OF SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH URANYL NITRATE

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Kh.F. Mammadov ◽  
H.N. Shiraliyeva ◽  
E.I. Mehtiyev ◽  
U.S. Aliyeva-Jabbarly ◽  
E.I. Guliyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Uranyl Nitrate ◽  
Weak Solutions ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Uranium Isotopes ◽  
Distilled Water

The extraction of uranyl nitrate contaminated soil with weak solutions of nitric and hydrochloric acid, caustic sodium and subsequent washing of soil residues with distilled water leads to a more than tenfold decrease in the content of uranium isotopes (U238, U235, U234, and U236) in the soil. At the same time, there is a decrease in the content of natural radionuclides (Na22, K40, Zn65, Sn113, Sn126) in the extracted soil samples. An increase in their content in the extract of the analyzed soil sample corresponds to a decrease in their content in the residue of the extracted soil sample. The combined extraction with weak solutions of these acids and alkalis leads to the enrichment of the soil with nitrates and chlorine-containing compounds of non-radioactive metals.

Extraction of Gasoline Constituents from Soil

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-311
Author(s):  
Susan G Donaldson ◽  
Glenn C Miller ◽  
W W Miller
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Spiked Soil ◽  
Fused Silica Capillary ◽  
Extraction Volume ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
Silica Capillary Column

Abstract The recovery of gasoline constituents from soil by using a sonication/extraction method was evaluated. Ten characteristic compounds were studied: benzene, toluene, n-heptane, m-xylene, nonane, n-propylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, n-butylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, and dodecane. Modifications of extraction method EPA 3550 were tested using flame ionization gas chromatography with a 15 m X 0.53 mm id fused-silica capillary column. For dry soils, reducing total solvent extraction volume from 400 to 250 mL resulted in equivalent recoveries and shorter analysis times. Recovery of the gasoline constituents from wet soils was significantly lower than from dry soils for all methods studied. Recoveries were also dependent on the relative constituent volatility. Higher molecular weight compounds were recovered at greater than 80% of the initial amount applied from dry soils; while recoveries of benzene and heptane were generally less than 5%. Using the most efficient extraction procedure, recovery of unleaded gasoline from a dry, spiked soil was 43.2% when expressed on a total petroleum hydrocarbon basis, and recovery from a wet, spiked soil was 21.8%.

The Effect of Some Thai Medicinal Herb Extracts on Nitrification Inhibition

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Wachiraporn Ruanpan ◽  
Thongchai Mala
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Nitrification Inhibition ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Mulberry Leaf ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Cucumber Fruit ◽  
Indian Mulberry ◽  
Hog Plum ◽  
Herb Extracts

This study aimed to determine the effect on nitrification inhibition of some Thai medicinal herb extracts. The experimental design was completely randomized design, consisted 33 treatments with 4 replications. The experiments were performed in a laboratory, using surface soil of Yang Talat soil series as media. In each treatment, soil sample (100 g) was mixed thoroughly with 1 ml of herbal extract and 50 mg kg-1 of ammonium sulphate. The mixture was then incubated at ambient temperature. Ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB), ammonium-N (NH4+-N), nitrate-N (NO3--N), and soil pH were determined at week 1 to 4 after incubation. The results showed that the numbers of AOB in soil sample mixed with galanga stem decreased during the first 2 weeks. It was obvious that after the first week of incubation, the activity of NOB in soil samples mixed with extracts of ringworm bush leaf, heart- leaved moonseed stem, mangosteen fruit, kariyat leaf and galanga rhizome was suppressed. Soil samples containing herbal extracts had higher concentraions of NH4+-N and lower concentraions of NO3--N than those of control. The highest amount of NH4+-N was found in clove flower treated soil during the first 2 weeks of incubation. Kariyat leaf treated and cinnamon bark treated soil samples contained the highest amount of NH4+-N in weeks 3 and 4, respectively. Samples with extracts of ringworm bush leaf, mangosteen fruit, Thai copper pod leaf, Indian mulberry leaf, lemon grass leaf, bitter cucumber fruit, egg woman stem, fingerroot stem, fingerroot rhizome and hog plum leaf contained the lowest amount of NO3--N during the first 3 weeks. The concentraion of NO3--N in heart- leaved moonseed stem treated soil was the lowest in the last 3 weeks. The highest ratio of NH4+-N (100 %) and the lowest ratio of NO3--N (0.0 %) to inorganic N were found in samples with extracts of ringworm bush leaf, mangosteen fruit, Thai copper pod leaf, Indian mulberry leaf, lemon grass leaf, bitter cucumber fruit, egg woman stem, fingerroot stem, fingerroot rhizome, hog plum leaf and heart-leaved moonseed stem for 3 weeks. At early stages of incubation, low pH of herbal soil samples were observed. The pH of those samples, however, increased over time.

KEBERADAAN BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT DAN AKTIVITAS ENZIM FOSFATASE TANAH DAERAH PERAKARAN TANAMAN OBAT DARI KEBUN RAYA CIBODAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suliasih Suliasih
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Serratia Rubidaea

A study was undertaken to investigate to occurance of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere soil samples of medicine plants in Cibodas Botanical Garden. 13 soil samples of medicine plants are collected randomly The result shows that 71 isolates of phosphate solubilizing bacteria were isolated, and 10 species of these organism was identified as Azotobacter sp, Bacillus sp, Chromobacterium sp, C.violaceum, Citrobacter sp. , Enterobacter sp., E. liquefaciens. Nitrosomonas sp., Serratia rubidaea, Sphaerotillus natans. Azotobacter sp. And Bacillus sp. Are found in all of soil tested. Conversely, Serratia rubidaea is only in the sample from rhizosphere of Plantago mayor The activity of acid alkaline phosphatase in soil tested ranged from 0.78 – 60,18 ugp nitrophenole/g/h, with the higest values being recorded in soil sample from rhizosphere of “Lavender”.Keywords : phosphate solubilizing bacteria, soil enzyme phosphatase

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document