Detection of QTL for Resistance to Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Viral Dis-easeCharacteristics of Photosynthesis in Two Leaf Color Mutants of Rice

Abstract Background ‘Regal Splendour’ (Hosta variety) is famous for its multi-color leaves, which are useful resources for exploring chloroplast development and color changes. The expressions of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes (HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO) in Hosta have been demonstrated to be associated with leaf color. Herein, we isolated, sequenced, and analyzed HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO genes. Subcellular localization was also performed to determine the location of the corresponding enzymes. After plasmid construction, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was carried out to reduce the expressions of those genes. In addition, HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO-overexpressing tobacco plants were made to verify the genes function. Changes of transgenic tobacco were recorded under 2000 lx, 6000 lx and 10,000 lx light intensity. Additionally, the contents of enzyme 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), porphobilinogen (PBG), chlorophyll a and b (Chla and Chlb), carotenoid (Cxc), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro) and catalase (CAT) under different light intensities were evaluated. Results The silencing of HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO genes can induce leaf yellowing and chloroplast structure changes in Hosta. Specifically, leaves of Hosta with HrCAO silencing were the most affected, while those with HrPOR silencing were the least affected. Moreover, all three genes in tobacco were highly expressed, whereas no expression was detected in wild-type (WT). However, the sensitivities of the three genes to different light intensities were different. The highest expression level of HrHEMA and HrPOR was detected under 10,000 lx of illumination, while HrCAO showed the highest expression level under 6000 lx. Lastly, the 5-ALA, Chla, Cxc, SOD, POD, MDA, Pro and CAT contents in different transgenic tobaccos changed significantly under different light intensities. Conclusion The overexpression of these three genes in tobacco enhanced photosynthesis by accumulating chlorophyll content, but the influential level varied under different light intensities. Furthermore, HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO- overexpressing in tobacco can enhance the antioxidant capacity of plants to cope with stress under higher light intensity. However, under lower light intensity, the antioxidant capacity was declined in HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO- overexpressing tobaccos.

Download Full-text

De novo transcriptome sequencing and anthocyanin metabolite analysis reveals leaf color of Acer pseudosieboldianum in autumn

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-07715-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yu-Fu Gao ◽

Dong-Hui Zhao ◽

Jia-Qi Zhang ◽

Jia-Shuo Chen ◽

Jia-Lin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

De Novo ◽

Regulatory Genes ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽

Leaf Color ◽

Metabolite Analysis ◽

Color Formation ◽

Content Change ◽

Final Color

Abstract Background Leaf color is an important ornamental trait of colored-leaf plants. The change of leaf color is closely related to the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves. Acer pseudosieboldianum is a colored-leaf tree native to Northeastern China, however, there was less knowledge in Acer about anthocyanins biosynthesis and many steps of the pathway remain unknown to date. Results Anthocyanins metabolite and transcript profiling were conducted using HPLC and ESI-MS/MS system and high-throughput RNA sequencing respectively. The results demonstrated that five anthocyanins were detected in this experiment. It is worth mentioning that Peonidin O-hexoside and Cyanidin 3, 5-O-diglucoside were abundant, especially Cyanidin 3, 5-O-diglucoside displayed significant differences in content change at two periods, meaning it may be play an important role for the final color. Transcriptome identification showed that a total of 67.47 Gb of clean data were obtained from our sequencing results. Functional annotation of unigenes, including comparison with COG and GO databases, yielded 35,316 unigene annotations. 16,521 differentially expressed genes were identified from a statistical analysis of differentially gene expression. The genes related to leaf color formation including PAL, ANS, DFR, F3H were selected. Also, we screened out the regulatory genes such as MYB, bHLH and WD40. Combined with the detection of metabolites, the gene pathways related to anthocyanin synthesis were analyzed. Conclusions Cyanidin 3, 5-O-diglucoside played an important role for the final color. The genes related to leaf color formation including PAL, ANS, DFR, F3H and regulatory genes such as MYB, bHLH and WD40 were selected. This study enriched the available transcriptome information for A. pseudosieboldianum and identified a series of differentially expressed genes related to leaf color, which provides valuable information for further study on the genetic mechanism of leaf color expression in A. pseudosieboldianum.

Download Full-text

Effects of Nocturnal UV-B Irradiation on Growth, Flowering, and Phytochemical Concentration in Leaves of Greenhouse-Grown Red Perilla

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061252 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1252

Author(s):

Hideo Yoshida ◽

Tatsuru Nishikawa ◽

Shoko Hikosaka ◽

Eiji Goto

Keyword(s):

Radiation Intensity ◽

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Color Change ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Leaf Color ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

High Concentration ◽

Fluorescent Lamps ◽

Phenotypic Quality ◽

Intermittent Illumination

In Japan, red perilla leaves are used in the food and coloring industries, as well as in crude medicine. Perilla leaves contain a high concentration of phytochemicals such as perillaldehyde (PA) and rosmarinic acid (RA). The effects of UV-B radiation intensity (0.05–0.2 W m−2, UV-BBE: 0.041–0.083 W m−2), duration (3 or 6 h), and irradiation method (continuous or intermittent) for artificial nocturnal lighting using UV-B fluorescent lamps were evaluated on growth, flowering, and leaf phytochemical concentration in greenhouse-grown perilla. Under continuous UV-B irradiation at 0.1 W m−2 for 3 or 6 h, leaf color changed from red to green and leaf fresh weight decreased, compared with the control treatment. No leaf color change was observed under the 3-h treatment with UV-B radiation at 0.05 W m−2, wherein leaf fresh weight was similar to that of the control. Furthermore, RA concentration under continuous UV-B irradiation at 0.05 W m−2 for 3 h increased two-fold compared to that under control treatment, while PA concentration was not affected by UV-B irradiation. Thus, our data showed that continuous UV-B irradiation at 0.05 W m−2 for 3 h could effectively produce RA-rich perilla leaves without reducing in phenotypic quality or productivity. However, a 6-h intermittent illumination inhibited flowering without altering phytochemical concentration.

Download Full-text

Irradiation-Induced Genetic Diversity of Leaf Color Mutation in Rice (Oryza sativa L)

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1007/bf03543602 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 255-262

Author(s):

Dianxing Wu ◽

Qingyao Shu ◽

Yingwu Xia

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Oryza Sativa ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Leaf Color ◽

Color Mutation

Download Full-text

Integrated Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal a Regulatory Network of Anthocyanin Metabolism Contributing to the Ornamental Value in a Novel Hybrid Cultivar of Camellia japonica

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9121724 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1724

Author(s):

Liqin Pan ◽

Jiyuan Li ◽

Hengfu Yin ◽

Zhengqi Fan ◽

Xinlei Li

Keyword(s):

Regulatory Network ◽

Leaf Growth ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Differential Expression Analysis ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Leaf Color ◽

Camellia Japonica ◽

Leaf Phenotype ◽

Hybrid Cultivar

Camellia japonica is a plant species with great ornamental and gardening values. A novel hybrid cultivar Chunjiang Hongxia (Camellia japonica cv. Chunjiang Hongxia, CH) possesses vivid red leaves from an early growth stage to a prolonged period and is, therefore, commercially valuable. The molecular mechanism underlying this red-leaf phenotype in C. japonica cv. CH is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the leaf coloration process, photosynthetic pigments contents, and different types of anthocyanin compounds in three growth stages of the hybrid cultivar CH and its parental cultivars. The gene co-expression network and differential expression analysis from the transcriptome data indicated that the changes of leaf color were strongly correlated to the anthocyanin metabolic processes in different leaf growth stages. Genes with expression patterns associated with leaf color changes were also discussed. Together, physiological and transcriptomic analyses uncovered the regulatory network of metabolism processes involved in the modulation of the ornamentally valuable red-leaf phenotype and provided the potential candidate genes for future molecular breeding of ornamental plants such as Camellia japonica.

Download Full-text

Autumnal nutrient transfers by retranslocation, leaching, and litter fall in a chestnut oak forest in southern Illinois

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x82-006 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 40-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Nancy L. Ostman ◽

George T. Weaver

Keyword(s):

Late Summer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Litter Fall ◽

Leaf Color ◽

Southern Illinois ◽

Foliar Concentrations ◽

Important Means ◽

Study Sites ◽

Free Falling ◽

Leaf Dry Weight

Retranslocation from leaves was investigated as a means of retaining nutrients in stands of Quercusprinus L. on two sites in southern Illinois, where wind rapidly moves litter downslope. Foliage samples were collected from late summer until leaf fall to describe the trends of leaf dry weight and nutrient concentration (N, K, P, Ca) changes. Free-falling rain and throughfall were collected to estimate foliar leaching. Foliar concentrations of N, K, and P decreased markedly during senescence while Ca concentrations increased. The pattern of concentration change was unique for each element, and the change in N concentration was closely correlated with change in leaf color. For the study sites as a whole, leaf dry weight decreased to 70% of the original value. Of 84.2 kg N/ha in green foliage, only 22.6% was returned to the site as litter. The canopy gained 0.3 kg N/ha (0.4%) from rainfall. The 78.5% N unaccounted for is attributed to retranslocation. Similarly, from 51.4 kg K/ha; 8.2, P; and 47.8, Ca in green foliage, 9.8, 1.3, and 3.3%, respectively, were removed by leaching; 27.4, 43.7, and 85.1% were returned to the site in litter. The remaining 63.0% K, 55.0% P, and 11.5% Ca unaccounted for is attributed to retranslocation. Retranslocation and leaching of nutrients was greater on the site of higher quality. But on both sites it appears that retranslocation is an important means of retaining and conserving N, K, and P countering the effect of annual litter removal.

Download Full-text