Progress in molecular and physiological mechanisms of water-saving by compensation for water deficit of crop and how they relate to crop production

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei ZHOU ◽  
Yi GAN ◽  
Xiao-Bin OU ◽  
Gen-Xuan WANG
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms

scholarly journals Differential Response to Water Deficit in Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Growing in Two Types of Soil Under Different Irrigation Regimes

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Israel Macias-Bobadilla ◽  
Marcela Vargas-Hernandez ◽  
Ramon G. Guevara-Gonzalez ◽  
Enrique Rico-Garcia ◽  
Rosalia V. Ocampo-Velazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Pepper Plants

Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) is one of the most economically important horticultural crops in the world; its production for the food and pharmaceutical industries has been increasing worldwide. The economic importance of this crop is due, in part, to the nutraceutical properties derived from its secondary metabolism. Drought is the main environmental factor that affects crop production. Nevertheless, studies involving water deficit have considered short-term responses to sharp water deficit rather than long-term acclimation processes through moderate and gradually increasing water deficits, which omitted the dynamics and profile of the secondary metabolism that are part of the plant’s defence system against this stress factor. The present study aimed to identify the different mechanisms that chili pepper plants use to cope with drought stress using a progressive decrease and increase of water availability, conditions that commonly occur for crops in open fields. Four treatments were applied as follows: gradual water deficit (GWD), initial waterlogging with gradual water deficit (IWGD), sudden water deficit with gradual recovery (SWDR), and no deficit of water (NDW). These conditions should represent a more real situation similar to that faced by plants in the agricultural environment. In order to evaluate the response mechanisms associated with these water deficits, changes in phenological variables, proline accumulation, and the gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in chili pepper plants growing on land under different irrigation regimes in two contrasting soil types in areas where chili pepper plants are cultivated in central Mexico. The variables evaluated showed a differentiated response of the mechanisms in plants growing under different levels of water deficit. Given the differential response observed for the gene expression and morphological and biochemical variables studied in chili pepper plants against different water regimes, in this work, this may have implications for more efficient use of water in crops with high nutraceutical content, in addition to prospects for using products derived from secondary metabolism in the pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Effects of water deficit on the growth and yield formation of maize (Zea mays L.)

2017 ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Mahama Salifu
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
The World ◽  
Soil Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Water Holding

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important consuming cereal crop in the world after rice and wheat. This requires an understanding of various management practices as well as conditions that affect maize crop performance. Water deficit stress during crop production is one of the most serious threats to crop production in most parts of the world and drought stress or water deficit is an inevitable and recurring feature of global agriculture and it is against this background that field study of crops response to water deficit is very important to crop producer and researchers to maximize yield and improve crop production in this era of unpredicted climatic changes the world over.A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effects of water deficit on growth and yield formation of maize. Two maize cultivars were used Xundan20 and Zhongdan5485. Three levels of soil water content were used in two stages of water control levels at two stages of the maize plant development1. The JOINTING STAGE: A. CONTROL (CK) soil water content: from 70% to 80% of soil water holding capacity at the field, soil water content: from 55% to 65% of soil water holding capacity at the field, soil water content: from 40% to 50% of the Soil water holding capacity at the field.2. The BIG FLARE PERIOD: A. CONTROL (CK) soil water content: from 75% to 85% of soil water holding capacity at the field, soil water content: from 58% to 68% of soil water holding capacity at the field, soil water content: from 45% to 55% of the soil water holding capacity at the field.This research mainly studied the effects of water deficit on physiological, morphology and the agronomical characteristics of the maize plant at the different water stress levels.The importance of these results in this experiment will enable plant producers to focus and have a fair idea as to which stage of the maize plant’s development that much attention must be given to in terms of water supply.

scholarly journals Biochemical Response and Nutrient Uptake of Two Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Inoculated Chamomile Varieties Under Different Water Potentials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ebrahimi ◽  
Amin Salehi ◽  
Mohsen Movahedi Dehnavi ◽  
Amin Mirshekari ◽  
Mohammad Hamidian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Abstract BackgroundWater-deficit stress is one of the most important sources of damage to crop production worldwide. Adopting appropriate varieties using soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM) can significantly reduce theadverseeffectsofwater deficiency.This study is aimed to evaluate the role of Funneliformismosseaeon nutrients uptake and some physiological traits of two chamomile varieties namely Bodgold (Bod) and Soroksári(Sor) under water-deficit stress. The pot experiment was performed in a hydroponic system within a completely randomized design considering four replications. Three levels of water-deficit stress (PEG 6000) were taken into account at water potentials of -0.4 and -0.8MPa. The second factor was AM inoculation.ResultsWater-deficit stress significantly reduced the uptake of macro-nutrients (N, P, and K) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in the shoots and roots. Moreover, the level of osmolytes (total soluble sugars and proline) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the shoots of both varieties increased under water-deficit stress. In the case of Sor variety, the level of these compounds was more satisfactory. AM improved plant nutrition uptake and osmolyte contents while enhancing antioxidant enzymes and reducing theadverseeffectsofwater-deficit stress. Under water-deficit stress, the growth and total dry weight improved upon AM inoculation. ConclusionsIn general, inoculation of chamomile with AM balanced the uptake of nutrients increased the level of osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes, and hence improved plant characteristics under water-deficit stress in both varieties, however, it was more effective in reducing stress damages in Sor variety.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Contribution of Rainwater Collection to Crop Production on Udo Island, Korea

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3299
Author(s):  
Minseok Kang ◽  
Chulsang Yoo ◽  
Wooyoung Na
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Before And After

This study evaluated the contribution of small agricultural reservoirs (the mool-tongs) to crop production on Udo, and the role they play. Agricultural water demand and deficit, water storage in the mool-tongs, and the amount of irrigation water were analyzed by applying the water balance model. In particular, the Blaney-Criddle method was used to estimate the agricultural water for crop growth. In this study, four typical crops of garlic, spring onion, peanut, and barley were considered, whose growing seasons were somewhat different from each other. A total of 47 years (1973–2019) of rainfall, temperature, and evaporation data were used in this study. As a result, it was confirmed that the crop coefficient, growing period of a crop, share of the cultivated area, and the seasonal distribution of rainfall affect the role of the mool-tongs. Comparison of the frequencies of occurrence of agricultural water deficit and irrigation interval before and after introducing the mool-tongs also confirms their usefulness. After the introduction of the mool-tongs for irrigation, the frequency of occurrence of agricultural water deficits changed significantly, from almost 30% of the entire simulation period to less than 20%. Even though the water supply capacity of the mool-tongs on Udo is insufficient to offset the entire agricultural water deficit, the water stored in the mool-tongs was found to considerably aid the survival of the crops and increase crop production. The results in this study can help to determine the capacity of rainwater collecting systems, especially on a small island where the available water resources are limited.

scholarly journals Diurnal and Seasonal Mapping of Water Deficit Index and Evapotranspiration by an Unmanned Aerial System: A Case Study for Winter Wheat in Denmark

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2998
Author(s):  
Vita Antoniuk ◽  
Kiril Manevski ◽  
Kirsten Kørup ◽  
Rene Larsen ◽  
Inge Sandholt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Balance Model

Precision irrigation is a promising method to mitigate the impacts of drought stress on crop production with the optimal use of water resources. However, the reliable assessment of plant water status has not been adequately demonstrated, and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) offer great potential for spatiotemporal improvements. This study utilized UAS equipped with multispectral and thermal sensors to detect and quantify drought stress in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using the Water Deficit Index (WDI). Biennial field experiments were conducted on coarse sand soil in Denmark and analyses were performed at both diurnal and seasonal timescales. The WDI was significantly correlated with leaf stomatal conductance (R2 = 0.61–0.73), and the correlation was weaker with leaf water potential (R2 = 0.39–0.56) and topsoil water status (the highest R2 of 0.68). A semi-physical model depicting the relationship between WDI and fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) in the root zone was derived with R2 = 0.74. Moreover, WDI estimates were improved using an energy balance model with an iterative scheme to estimate the net radiation and land surface temperature, as well as the dual crop coefficient. The diurnal variation in WDI revealed a pattern of the ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration, being higher in the morning, decreasing at noon hours and ‘recovering’ in the afternoon. Future work should investigate the temporal upscaling of evapotranspiration, which may be used to develop methods for site-specific irrigation recommendations.

scholarly journals Biochemical Response and Nutrient Uptake of Two Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Inoculated Chamomile Varieties under Different Water Potentials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ebrahimi ◽  
Amin Salehi ◽  
Mohsen Movahedi Dehnavi ◽  
Amin Mirshekari ◽  
Mohammad Hamidian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Abstract BackgroundWater-deficit stress is one of the most important sources of damage to crop production worldwide. Adopting appropriate varieties using soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM) fungi can significantly reduce the adverse effects of water deficiency. This study is aimed to evaluate the role of Funneliformis mosseae on nutrients uptake and some physiological traits of two chamomile varieties namely Bodgold (Bod) and Soroksári (Sor) under water-deficit stress. The pot experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three factors: water-deficit stress (PEG 6000) was applied along with Hoagland solution at three levels (0, -0.4 and -0.8 MPa), two German chamomile varieties (Bodgold (Bod) and Soroksari (Sor)) and AM inoculation (Funneliformis mosseae species (fungal and non-fungal)) at four replications in perlite substrate. ResultsWater-deficit stress significantly reduced the uptake of macro-nutrients (N, P, and K) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in the shoots and roots. Moreover, the level of osmolytes (total soluble sugars and proline) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the shoots of both varieties increased under water-deficit stress. In the case of Sor variety, the level of these compounds was more satisfactory. AM improved plant nutrition uptake and osmolyte contents while enhancing antioxidant enzymes and reducing the adverse effects of water-deficit stress. Under water-deficit stress, the growth and total dry weight improved upon AM inoculation. ConclusionsIn general, inoculation of chamomile with AM balanced the uptake of nutrients increased the level of osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes, and hence improved plant characteristics under water-deficit stress in both varieties, however, it was more effective in reducing stress damages in Sor variety.

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