BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY OF DISSERTATIONS ON THE THEME OF THE ARCTIC IN THE USA & CANADA

The paper examines the interests of Russia, the United States and China in the regions of the world and identifies the priorities of Russia's activities in Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus, the Asia-Pacific region, the Arctic, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America, their comparative assessment with the interests of the United States and China. An approach to assessing the impact of possible consequences of the activities of the United States and China on the realization of Russia's interests is proposed. This makes it possible to identify the priorities of the policy of the Russian Federation in various regions of the world. The results of the analysis can be used to substantiate recommendations to the military-political leadership of our country. It is concluded that the discrepancy between the interests of the United States and China is important for the implementation of the current economic and military policy of the Russian Federation.

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Arctic Connectivity for Sustainable Development

Handbook of Research on International Collaboration, Economic Development, and Sustainability in the Arctic - Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-6954-1.ch002 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 24-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vasilii Erokhin

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Energy Security ◽

Arctic Region ◽

Energy Resources ◽

The Arctic ◽

Northern Europe ◽

International Regulations ◽

The Usa ◽

History Of ◽

Transportation Routes

The Arctic possesses about one-quarter of the world's untapped energy resources and abundant deposits of minerals. The region has always been in the focus of geopolitical interests of the USA, Russia, countries of Northern Europe, and Canada. However, with an opening of the previously ice-jammed waterways, new potential sites with vast resources have been identified and explored. Diversified transportation routes are of paramount importance to the economic and energy security of energy importing countries, particularly non-Arctic ones. As the Arctic becomes a focus of interest of many regional and non-regional actors, it is crucial to identify the dangers such a boom may bring. This chapter reviews the history of the Arctic policies of major actors in the region, overviews the contemporary approaches to the development of the Arctic, and discusses how varying interests and policies can be translated into the effective international regulations for the benefit of the entire Arctic region, its people, environment, and sustainable development.

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Exploring Greenland: Science and Technology in Cold War Settings

Scientia Canadensis Canadian Journal of the History of Science Technology and Medicine ◽

10.7202/1006149ar ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 11-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Matthias Heymann ◽

Henrik Knudsen ◽

Maiken L. Lolck ◽

Henry Nielsen ◽

Kristian H. Nielsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Cold War ◽

Science And Technology ◽

The Arctic ◽

Geophysical Research ◽

American Military ◽

Research Activities ◽

The Usa ◽

Post War ◽

The Cold War

This paper explores a vacant spot in the Cold War history of science: the development of research activities in the physical environmental sciences and in nuclear science and technology in Greenland. In the post-war period, scientific exploration of the polar areas became a strategically important element in American and Soviet defence policy. Particularly geophysical fields like meteorology, geology, seismology, oceanography, and others profited greatly from military interest. While Denmark maintained formal sovereignty over Greenland, research activities were strongly dominated by U.S. military interests. This paper sets out to summarize the limited current state of knowledge about activities in the environmental physical sciences in Greenland and their entanglement with military, geopolitical, and colonial interests of both the USA and Denmark. We describe geophysical research in the Cold War in Greenland as a multidimensional colonial endeavour. In a period of decolonization after World War II, Greenland, being a Danish colony, became additionally colonized by the American military. Concurrently, in a period of emerging scientific internationalism, the U.S. military “colonized” geophysical research in the Arctic, which increasingly became subject to military directions, culture, and rules.

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Impact of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on relationships between temperature and the Arctic Oscillation in the USA in winter

Climate Research ◽

10.3354/cr029199 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 199-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D Budikova

Keyword(s):

Pacific Decadal Oscillation ◽

Arctic Oscillation ◽

The Arctic ◽

The Pacific ◽

The Usa ◽

The Arctic Oscillation

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Analysis of Foreign Experience in the Financial Regulation of the Arctic Territories Development and its Application in the Northern Regions of the Russian Federation

Arctic and North ◽

10.37482/issn2221-2698.2021.44.5 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 5-29

Author(s):

Roman V. BADYLEVICH ◽

Keyword(s):

Financial Regulation ◽

Policy Instruments ◽

The Arctic ◽

Financial Policy ◽

Arctic Zone ◽

Foreign Experience ◽

Northern Regions ◽

The Usa ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Regional Financial Policy

The article examines foreign experience in implementing regional financial policy in relation to the Arctic territories. It assesses the experience of such sub-arctic countries as Canada, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the USA. The paper identifies two groups of financial instruments of territorial devel-opment: within the framework of general regional policy (instruments of fiscal capacity equalization, taxa-tion instruments, instruments to increase investment attractiveness) and within the framework of special policy for the development of Arctic territories (program-targeted instruments, special development funds, direct allocation of funds for current expenses and development). It is concluded that the Arctic countries apply different approaches and tools to the development of the regions located in the Arctic zone, the choice of which is determined by the type of state structure, the degree of financial independence of the regions in the sphere of financial regulation, the level of development of the northernmost subjects compared to the rest of the country. In the conditions of Russia, it is possible to use the best foreign experience in the sphere of financial regulation of development of the regions located in the Arctic zone. In particular, it is possible to use the experience of applying program-targeted development tools, the formation of special development funds, which are based on revenues from the use of natural resources of the Arctic, as well as the experience of creating favourable conditions to attract investors for the implementation of economically attractive projects.

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INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN FOREST INDUSTRY

Forestry Engineering Journal ◽

10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2019.4/18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 162-172

Author(s):

Nana Pirtskhalava ◽

Aleksandr Karpov

Keyword(s):

Forest Cover ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Arctic Sea Ice ◽

The Arctic ◽

Logistics System ◽

Arctic Sea ◽

Flow Information ◽

The Usa ◽

Coniferous Wood ◽

Export System

Russia is the richest country with forest resources. It accounts for 22 % of the world's forest cover and half of the world's coniferous wood reserves. According to forecasts, the demand for commercial wood will increase by about 150 million cubic meters by 2030. There is only one real source – Russia's reserves. Reserves today amount to more than 83 billion cubic meters. For enterprises of the Arkhangelsk region, the main markets for woodworking products are China, the USA, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and Egypt. Based on this, the study has formed a logistic export system for three transportation options. In addition, studies have been carried out on the basis of UNCTAD, EUROSTAT and FAO materials, as well as SEARATES technical and economic data. When choosing a logistics system option, an integrated economic assessment of costs by components has been used: material flow, information flow, and logistics intermediaries. The study has examined six potential routes for delivering timber between ports in East Asia (Shanghai) and Europe (Rotterdam). Based on the results of the research, the following conclusions can be drawn. The study has addressed the issue of transportation along the Northern Sea Route (HIAR). Transportation along this route is possible only in the event of global warming and accelerated retreat of the Arctic sea ice. The economic strength for distance savings from Asia to Europe makes the northern route a likely driver of change in transportation networks

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Consultative meetings of non-Arctic states on the status of the Arctic

Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University Law ◽

10.21638/spbu14.2021.204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 296-318

Author(s):

Alexander N. Vylegzhanin ◽

◽

Elena V. Kienko ◽

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Arctic Ocean ◽

The Arctic ◽

Legal Regime ◽

Arctic Council ◽

The Arctic Ocean ◽

The Status ◽

The Usa ◽

Arctic Policy ◽

New Instruments

The article, in the context of the contemporary status of the Arctic, examines the legal and political documents adopted by China, Japan and South Korea in regard to their arctic policy, including those agreed upon by these three States. The alarming reaction to such documents in the Arctic coastal states, firstly, in the USA and Canada, is also considered in the article. Relevant western scholars’ arguments are scrutinized, such as the increase of “China’s military power”; China’s “insatiable appetite” for access to natural resources in the Arctic; the argument that “China seeks to dominate” the Arctic and the situation when “the Arctic Council is split”; the notion that China makes other non-Arctic States create separate legal documents concerning the regime of the Arctic Ocean. The article concludes that the western interpretation of such documents is alarming only in relation to China. The research shows that up till now there are no grounds for such estimations of China’s negative role. However, statements by Chinese officials as cited in the article and some provisions stipulated in “China’s Arctic policy” contradict the common will of the Arctic coastal states in regard to the legal regime of the Arctic Ocean as reflected in the Ilulissat Declaration of 2008. In such a dynamic legal environment, new instruments of collaboration are in demand, which might involve China and other non-Arctic states in maintaining the established legal regime of the Arctic. Thus, the new instruments would deter the creation (with unpredictable consequences) by China, Japan and South Korea of new trilateral acts relating to the status of the Arctic.

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“Conflict-Free Arctic”: Pro et Contra

Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal ◽

10.20542/afij-2021-4-34-46 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 34-46

Author(s):

E. Labetskaya

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Armed Forces ◽

The Arctic ◽

Arctic Council ◽

Interstate Relations ◽

Case Study Methodology ◽

Important Region ◽

Regional Strategies ◽

Free Region ◽

The Usa

Analyzing the increasing tension in the world and the Trans-Arctic (the transnational political space of the Arctic), the author emphasizes the presence of a “dormant conflict gene” in the region and the need for Russia to take it into account when implementing its chairmanship in the Arctic Council (2021-2023). Not accepting the opinions that existed over the past decade about the Arctic as a “conflict-free region”’, the author identifies a range of threats fraught with the awakening of the “conflict gene”. Since the Trans-Arctic is a subsystem of global interstate relations with their crises and conflicts, the author considers the laws of its development and functioning through the foreign policy activities of states, which crucially determine whether the possibility of conflict will be realized or not. The increased military and strategic attention to the region by the USA and NATO, the revision of the regional strategies by other Arctic countries, as well as the expanding presence of non-regional countries in the Arctic, together reflect the growing conflict potential of the Trans-Arctic. The author explains why saying that the region in the XXI century remains free from military confrontation means wishful thinking. Criticizing the view of the Arctic through “rose-colored glasses” that soften the landscape of the hybrid war platz in the Arctic, the author recalls her interviews with the commander-in-Chief of the Joint Armed Forces of the Warsaw Pact Member States, Marshal of the Soviet Union Viktor G. Kulikov. Analyzing the “dormant conflict gene” in the Arctic, it is important to remember that the Trans-Arctic is a virtual bond of two other transnational political spaces, known as Trans-Atlantic, Trans-Pacific. Special attention is paid to the “dormant conflict gene” in the Trans-Arctic in the context of Washington-led NATO, which in 2009 declared the Arctic a strategically important region, requiring a rethinking of NATO's military doctrine, taking into account the geopolitical realities of the XXI century. The paper uses the case-study methodology, a systematic approach, discourse analysis, the author's 15-year journalistic baggage of VIP interviews and her own observations on the “fields” of international forums.

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THE ACTIVITIES OF THE USA AND CHINA IN THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD, AFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF RUSSIA'S INTERESTS. Part 3: Activities of the People's Republic of China in the regions of the world

EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA ◽

10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.12.01.016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (12) ◽

pp. 120-139

Author(s):

Dmitry V. Gordienko ◽

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

The Arctic ◽

The Caucasus ◽

Republic Of China ◽

The World ◽

The Usa ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The Military

The paper examines the interests of Russia, the United States and China in the regions of the world and identifies Russia's priorities in Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus, the Asia-Pacific region, the Arctic, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America, as well as a comparative assessment with the interests of the United States and China. The results of the study can be used to substantiate recommendations to the military-political leadership of our country. It is concluded that the discrepancy between the interests of the United States and China with the interests of Russia is important for the implementation of the current economic and military policy of the Russian Federation.

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