Effect of Amylose Content on the Physicochemical Properties of Proso Millet Starch

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Wang Yu-Sheng ◽  
Yu Zhen ◽  
Chen Hai-Hua ◽  
Shang Meng-Shan
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Gelatinization Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Swelling Power ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Gel Texture ◽  
Pasting Temperature ◽  
Crystal Type

The influence of amylose content (AC) on gel texture, thermal, pasting, rheological and morphologic properties, short-range order, X-ray diffraction pattern, solubility and swelling power of starches from nine proso millet cultivars was investigated. The solubility, swelling power, conclusion gelatinization temperature (Tc), gelatinization temperature range (Tc-To), gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) and cohesiveness showed a negative correlation to the AC of millet starch. Whereas the pasting temperature (PT), peak viscosity (PV), trough viscosity (TV), final viscosity (FV), setback value (SB), gel hardness, and chewiness showed a positive correlation to the AC of millet starch. The R1047/1022 values of starches ranged in 0.7−0.9, and all starches showed similar morphology features (irregular, polygonal, and spherical shape) and crystal type, which showed no correlation to the AC.

scholarly journals Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Three Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) Starches: A Comparison Study

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 2973
Author(s):  
Haiming Chen ◽  
Zhen Hu ◽  
Dongli Liu ◽  
Congfa Li ◽  
Sixin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Swelling Power ◽  
Chinese Yam ◽  
Dioscorea Opposita ◽  
Pasting Temperature

The aim of this work was to compare the composition and physicochemical properties (SEM, XRD, solubility, swelling power, paste clarity, retrogradation, freeze–thaw stability, thermal property, and pasting property) of three Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) starches (CYYS-1, CYYS-2, and CYYS-3) in Yunlong town, Haikou, Hainan Province, China. Our results show that all the CYYS gave a typical C-type X-ray diffraction pattern. The swelling power of CYYS varied from 10.79% to 30.34%, whereas solubility index was in the range of 7.84–4.55%. The freeze–thaw stability of each CYYS showed a contrary tendency with its amylose content. In addition, CYYS-3 showed the highest To (81.1 °C), Tp (84.8 °C), Tc (91.2 °C), and ΔH (14.1 J/g). The pasting temperature of CYYS-1 increased significantly with sucrose addition. NaCl could inhibit the swelling power of CYYS. There were significant decreases in pasting temperature and pasting time of CYYS when pH decreased.

scholarly journals Characterization and Comparison of Alkali Extracted Starches from Selected Cereals and Tubers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
H. D. K. C. Wijesinghe ◽  
K. D. P. P. Gunathilake
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Gelatinization Temperature ◽  
Swelling Power ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Food Texture ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Swelling Factor

Aims: Starch is used in the food industry to impart functional properties and to modify food texture and consistency. In this study starches isolated from six sources using an alkali extraction method were evaluated for physicochemical properties. Study Design: Complete randomized design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries, & Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila (NWP), Sri Lanka between April 2017 and August 2017. Methodology: Starches were isolated from white rice, foxtail millet, proso millet, cassava, sweet potato and all-purpose wheat flour. Proximate composition, mineral content, physical properties and microscopic characteristics were determined and they were compared. Results: The level of starch extracted was within the range of 27.5-64.1% on a dry basis. Extracted starched contains about 99% carbohydrate in DW and less than 1% non-carbohydrate fraction (protein, fat, fiber and ash and minerals). The amylose content followed the order: proso millet > wheat > foxtail millet > rice > sweet potato > cassava. There was considerable variation in swelling factor, solubility, gelatinization temperature among all starches. Both swelling power and solubility had a positive relationship with temperature and the swelling power (at 90°C) followed the order: corn > cassava > foxtail millet > wheat > proso millet > rice > sweet potato. The gelatinization temperature of starches ranged from 62°C to 76°C. Conclusion: The study would be helpful to better understand the chemical, physical and microscopic characteristics of these starches and the application of novel starches obtain from non-conventional sources which are foxtail millet, proso millet and sweet potato as a thickening agent and a substitute to other common starches in food.

Effect of the Addition of Stearic Acid on Starch Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 1996-2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Jie Sun ◽  
Ling Ling Sun ◽  
Liu Xiong ◽  
Cui Xia Sun
Keyword(s):  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Starch Properties ◽  
Pasting Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Potato Starches

The effect of the addition of stearic acid on properties of wheat, mung bean and potato starches were studied. Soluble amylose content in three kinds of starches was significantly reduced. Both λmax values and the 630/520 nm ratio were decreased. Stearic acid added starches showed a significantly higher pasting temperature, breakdown and setback compared to the native starches as measured by RVA. Texture properties analysis showed that hardness of wheat and mung bean starches significantly decreased, while that of potato starch significantly increased after the addition of stearic acid. Diffraction peaks of wheat, mung bean and potato starches appeared at 22° which indicated that complex formation by X-ray diffraction

The Effect of Different Methods to Pretreat Reed Pulp on the Crystallinity of Microcrystalline Cellulose

2014 ◽  
Vol 1056 ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Long Zhang ◽  
Wen Long Zhao ◽  
Ya Jie Dai
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Type I ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dimethyl Acetamide ◽  
Crystal Type

Reed Pulp was Raw Material that Pretreated by Four Methods {ultrasonic, Microwave, N, N-Dimethyl Acetamide (DMAc) and Tetrahydrofuran (THF)}. Reed Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) was Prepared by the Dilute Hydrochloric Acid Hydrolysis from Pretreated Reed Pulp. the Influences of Pretreatment Methods on Crystalline Type, Crystallinity and Crystallite Size of MCC were Investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). the Results Showed that the Crystallinity of MCC with Four Pretreatment Methods was 68.45%, 62.28%, 63.21% and 69.56%, Respectively. the Average Crystallite Size of MCC Prepared by Hydrolysis after Pretreated by Dmac was the Largest. whereas, the Crystal Type of MCC was Not Changed, it was still the Cellulose Type I. Comprehensive Analysis Indicated that the Effects of MCC Prepared by Hydrolysis after Pretreated by Ultrasonic were the Best.

scholarly journals Investigation and Modeling of the Electrical Conductivity of Graphene Nanoplatelets-Loaded Doped-Polypyrrole

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Oladipo Folorunso ◽  
Yskandar Hamam ◽  
Rotimi Sadiku ◽  
Suprakas Sinha Ray ◽  
Neeraj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Energy Storage Applications ◽  
Electrical Conductivity Data

In this study, a hybrid of graphene nanoplatelets with a polypyrrole having 20 wt.% loading of carbon-black (HGPPy.CB20%), has been fabricated. The thermal stability, structural changes, morphology, and the electrical conductivity of the hybrids were investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer, differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffraction analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and laboratory electrical conductivity device. The morphology of the hybrid shows well dispersion of graphene nanoplatelets on the surface of the PPy.CB20% and the transformation of the gravel-like PPy.CB20% shape to compact spherical shape. Moreover, the hybrid’s electrical conductivity measurements showed percolation threshold at 0.15 wt.% of the graphene nanoplatelets content and the curve is non-linear. The electrical conductivity data were analyzed by comparing different existing models (Weber, Clingerman and Taherian). The results show that Taherian and Clingerman models, which consider the aspect ratio, roundness, wettability, filler electrical conductivity, surface interaction, and volume fractions, closely described the experimental data. From these results, it is evident that Taherian and Clingerman models can be modified for better prediction of the hybrids electrical conductivity measurements. In addition, this study shows that graphene nanoplatelets are essential and have a significant influence on the modification of PPy.CB20% for energy storage applications.

Fabrication and Microstructure of Ge-Sb-S-CsCl Chalcogenide Glass Containing β-GeS2 Nanocrystals

2014 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Ji Yan Hao ◽  
Hai Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chalcogenide Glass ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Orthorhombic Phase ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Base Glass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Quenching Method

we report the fabrication and microstructure of Ge-Sb-S-CsCl chalcogenide glass containing β-GeS2 nanocrystals. A Ge-Sb-S-CsCl chalcogenide base glass with the better crystalline ability is first fabricated by melt-quenching method, and a further careful thermal process has led to the formation of β-GeS2 nanocrystals in the glass. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the size of β-GeS2 nanocrystals with nearly monodisperse spherical shape ranges from 30 to 45 nm in the glass. Powder X-ray diffraction results confirm that the β-GeS2 nanocrystals are of high crystallization with orthorhombic phase. Energy dispersive spectroscopy is employed for the information of nanocrystals glass composition. It is worthwhile to note that the obtained Ge-Sb-S-CsCl chalcogenide glass containing β-GeS2 nanocrystals still keeps higher transmittance in mid- and far- infrared spectral region.

scholarly journals A novel technique to synthesis of tenorite (CuO) nanoparticles from low concentration CuSO4 solution

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Darezereshki ◽  
F. Bakhtiari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Method ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Transmission Electron

In this study CuO nanoparticles were prepared via direct thermal decomposition method using basic copper sulphates as wet chemically synthesized precursor which was calcined in air at 750?C for 2h. Samples were characterized by thermogravimetric (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), infrared spectrum (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD, EDS, and IR results indicated that the synthesized CuO particles were pure. The SEM and TEM results showed that the CuO nanoparticles were of approximate spherical shape, and 170?5 nm in size. Using this method, Cuo nanoparticles could be produced without using organic solvent, expensive raw materials, and complicated equipment.

Physicochemical properties of chitosan–magnetite nanocomposites obtained with different pH

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110384
Author(s):  
Christian Chapa González ◽  
Javier Ulises Navarro Arriaga ◽  
Perla Elvia García Casillas
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coated Nanoparticles ◽  
Nanoparticle Surface ◽  
Magnetite Phase

The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticle surface determine the performance of nanocomposites in biomedical applications such as their biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. The physicochemical properties of chitosan, such as apparent charge density and solubility, are pH dependent. Similarly, Fe3O4 nanoparticles are susceptible to variations in their physicochemical properties due to changes in pH. In this work, we evaluated the physicochemical properties of chitosan–magnetite nanocomposites that were suspended at pH 7.0, 9.0, and 11.0 to determinate the effect on particle size, zeta potential, and mass percentage of the polymeric coating, in addition to the crystalline phase and magnetic properties of magnetite phase. X-ray diffraction results exposed that the present phase was magnetite with no other phases present and that the crystallite size was between 10.8 and 14.1 nm. Fourier transform infrared verified the chitosan functional groups in treated samples while the percentage of mass determined by TGA found to be nearly 9%. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs corroborated the spherical shape of the bare and chitosan-coated nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering results showed that chitosan coating modifies the zeta potential, going from a potential of −11.8 mV for bare particles to −3.0 mV (pH 11). Besides, vibrating sample magnetometer measurements showed that coercivity remained very low, which is desirable in biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Solvothermal synthesis of Au@Fe3O4 nanoparticles for antibacterial applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Zhazgul Kelgenbaeva ◽  
Zhypargul Abdullaeva ◽  
Bektemir Murzubraimov
Keyword(s):  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fe Nanoparticles ◽  
Cubic Structure ◽  
Shape Of Nanoparticles

We present Au@Fe3O4 nanoparticles obtained from Fe nanoparticles and HAuCl4 using a simple solvothermal method. Trisodium citrate (C6H5Na3O7*2H2O) served as a reducing agent for Au. X-ray diffraction analysis, electronic microscopes and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed cubic structure, elemental composition (Au, Fe and O) and spherical shape of nanoparticles. Antibacterial activity of the sample was tested against E. coli bacteria and obtained results were discussed.

A New Method to Produce Superfine and Nano-Sized Fe Powders: Spark Plasma Discharge Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 861-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Chun Ge ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Wei Ping Shen ◽  
Cheng Cheng ◽  
Guo Hua Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bimodal Size Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spark Plasma

Superfine and nano-sized Fe powders were prepared by a spark plasma discharge process in deionized water. The powders were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) with Oxford Inca EDX, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results indicate that the powders prepared by the process have a bimodal size distribution, high purity, single phase, good spherical shape and high yield.

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