Mechanism of Cement Paste with Different Particle Sizes of Bottom Ash as Partial Replacement in Portland Cement

Manufacturing of Portland cement consists of high volume of natural aggregates which depleted rapidly in today construction field. New substitutable material such as bottom ash replace and target for comparable properties with hydraulic or pozzolanic properties as Portland cement. This study investigates the replacement of different sizes of bottom ash into Portland cement by reducing the content of Portland cement and examined the mechanism between bottom ash (BA) and Portland cement. A cement composite developed by 10% replacement with 1, 7, 14, and 28 days of curing and exhibited excellent mechanical strength on day 28 (34.23 MPa) with 63 mm BA. The porous structure of BA results in lower density as the fineness particles size contains high specific surface area and consume high quantity of water. The morphology, mineralogical, and ternary phase analysis showed that pozzolanic reaction of bottom ash does not alter but complements and integrates the cement hydration process which facilitate effectively the potential of bottom ash to act as construction material.

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Effects of Coal Bottom Ash on the Compressive Strength of Portland Cement Mortar

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.149 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 802 ◽

pp. 149-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ali Huddin Ibrahim ◽

Kok Keong Choong ◽

Megat Azmi Megat Johari ◽

Shahril Izham Md Noor ◽

Nur Liyana Zainal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Cement Mortar ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Unburned Carbon ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Coal Bottom Ash ◽

Compressive Strength Test ◽

Pozzolanic Properties

The possibility of utilizing treated coal bottom ash as a partial replacement of Portland cement was examined through compressive strength test on mortar samples. A total of 16 batches of mortar mixtures with cement:sand ratio of 1:2.5 and 1:2.75 were prepared using two types of treated coal bottom ash. The chemical compositions including the unburned carbon of coal bottom ash were also analyzed. In order to remove the excess unburned carbon which will affect the potential pozzolanic properties, the coal bottom ash was heated at 550 ± 50oC and 700 ± 50°C for 60 min in an electrical furnace.The results showed that compressive strength of mortar mixtures with cement:sand ratio of 1:2.5 and 1:2.75 containing treated coal bottom ash which was heated at 550oC results in an increase in compressive strength. At 10% and 20% of treated coal bottom ash replacement levels to Portland cement, the compressive strength of the mortar mixture was significantly improved at the age of 28 days. The compressive strength of the mortar mixtures at early ages gives lower strength as compared to the plain Portland cement mortar. However, the effect of treated coal bottom ash that was heated at 700°C is to reduce the compressive strength of the mortar mixtures except for mixture with cement:sand ratio of 1:2.5 containing 10% coal bottom ash at 56 days.

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Reactivity of Ground Coal Bottom Ash to Be Used in Portland Cement

J ◽

10.3390/j4030018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 223-232

Author(s):

Esperanza Menéndez ◽

Cristina Argiz ◽

Miguel Ángel Sanjuán

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Coal Fly Ash ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Blended Cement ◽

Coal Ash ◽

Pozzolanic Reaction ◽

Natural Sand ◽

Coal Bottom Ash ◽

Novel Material ◽

Pozzolanic Properties

Ground coal bottom ash is considered a novel material when used in common cement production as a blended cement. This new application must be evaluated by means of the study of its pozzolanic properties. Coal bottom ash, in some countries, is being used as a replacement for natural sand, but in some others, it is disposed of in a landfill, leading thus to environmental problems. The pozzolanic properties of ground coal bottom ash and coal fly ash cements were investigated in order to assess their pozzolanic performance. Proportions of coal fly ash and ground coal bottom ash in the mixes were 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 50:50, 0:100. Next, multicomponent cements were formulated using 10%, 25% or 35% of ashes. In general, the pozzolanic performance of the ground coal bottom ash is quite similar to that of the coal fly ash. As expected, the pozzolanic reaction of both of them proceeds slowly at early ages, but the reaction rate increases over time. Ground coal bottom ash is a promising novel material with pozzolanic properties which are comparable to that of coal fly ashes. Then, coal bottom ash subjected to an adequate mechanical grinding is suitable to be used to produce common coal-ash cements.

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Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash from Power Co-generation Boilers as a Supplementary Cementitious Material

East African Journal of Science, Technology and Innovation ◽

10.37425/eajsti.v2i2.175 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Safiki Ainomugisha ◽

Bisaso Edwin ◽

Bazairwe Annet

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Low Income ◽

Ordinary Portland Cement ◽

Construction Material ◽

Sustainable Construction ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Hardened Concrete ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Concrete has been the world’s most consumed construction material, with over 10 billion tons of concrete annually. This is mainly due to its excellent mechanical and durability properties plus high mouldability. However, one of its major constituents; Ordinary Portland Cement is reported to be expensive and unaffordable by most low-income earners. Its production contributes about 5%–8% of global CO2 greenhouse emissions. This is most likely to increase exponentially with the demand of Ordinary Portland Cement estimated to rise by 200%, reaching 6000 million tons/year by 2050. Therefore, different countries are aiming at finding alternative sustainable construction materials that are more affordable and offer greener options reducing reliance on non-renewable sources. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the possibility of utilizing sugarcane bagasse ash from co-generation in sugar factories as supplementary material in concrete. Physical and chemical properties of this sugarcane bagasse ash were obtained plus physical and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened concrete made with partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement. Cost-benefit analysis of concrete was also assessed. The study was carried using 63 concrete cubes of size 150cm3 with water absorption studied as per BS 1881-122; slump test to BS 1881-102; and compressive strength and density of concrete according to BS 1881-116. The cement binder was replaced with sugarcane bagasse ash 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by proportion of weight. Results showed the bulk density of sugarcane bagasse ash at 474.33kg/m3, the specific gravity of 1.81, and 65% of bagasse ash has a particle size of less than 0.28mm. Chemically, sugarcane bagasse ash contained SiO2, Fe2O3, and Al2O3 at 63.59%, 3.39%, and 5.66% respectively. A 10% replacement of cement gave optimum compressive strength of 26.17MPa. This 10% replacement demonstrated a cost saving of 5.65% compared with conventional concrete.

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Mechanical Properties of High-Volume Fly Ash Strain Hardening Cementitious Composite (HVFA-SHCC) for Structural Application

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12162607 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 2607 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chenhua Jin ◽

Chang Wu ◽

Chengcheng Feng ◽

Qingfang Zhang ◽

Ziheng Shangguan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Strain Hardening ◽

Construction Material ◽

High Volume ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Cementitious Composite ◽

Multiple Cracking ◽

High Volume Fly Ash ◽

Structural Applications

Strain-hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) is a kind of construction material that exhibits multiple cracking and strain-hardening behaviors. The partial replacement of cement with fly ash is beneficial to the formation of the tensile strain-hardening property of SHCC, the increase of environmental greenness, and the decrease of hydration heat, as well as the material cost. This study aimed to develop a sustainable construction material using a high dosage of fly ash (no less than 70% of the binder material by weight). Based on the micromechanics analysis and particle size distribution (PSD) optimization, six mixes with different fly ash to cement ratios (2.4–4.4) were designed. The mechanical properties of the developed high-volume fly ash SHCCs (HVFA-SHCCs) were investigated through tensile tests, compressive tests, and flexural tests. Test results showed that all specimens exhibited multiple cracking and strain-hardening behaviors under tension or bending, and the compressive strength of the designed mixes exceeded 30MPa at 28 days, which is suitable for structural applications. Fly ash proved to be beneficial in the improvement of tensile and flexural ductility, but an extremely high volume of fly ash can provide only limited improvement. The HVFA-SHCC mix FA3.2 (with fly ash to binder ratio of about 76% by weight) designed in this study is suggested for structural applications.

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Influence of Physicochemical Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) in Portland Cement Hydration

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.765.324 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 765 ◽

pp. 324-328

Author(s):

Tiago Assunção Santos ◽

José da Silva Andrade Neto ◽

Vitor Souza Santos ◽

Daniel Véras Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Cement Hydration ◽

New Technologies ◽

Pozzolanic Reaction ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Cement Pastes ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse Ash ◽

Portland Cement Hydration

Due to the concern with the environmental impacts caused by the gases emitted by the cement industry and by the inadequate disposal of wastes generated in the sugar-alcohol industry, such as sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), a search for the development of new technologies, which are less aggressive to the environment and that propose feasible alternatives, began in order to reuse these wastes properly. Among these alternatives is the reuse of SCBA as partial replacement to cement or as addition to cementitious matrices. In this way, the present research has the objective of analyzing the influence of SCBA obtained by the calcination of sugarcane bagasse (SCB), at 600°C, in the process of Portland cement hydration. Initially, the SCBA was characterized physically, chemically and mineralogically, and then cement pastes with 20% and 35% substitution contents were elaborated, besides the reference paste, which were analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric (TG) techniques. The results obtained show that there is a consumption of portlandite as a consequence of the use of SCBA, evidencing the pozolanicity of these ashes. In the pastes with 35% substitution content, there was an intense consumption of the portlandite, indicating, in this proportion, the pozzolanic reaction was more intense.

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Sustainable design of concrete using industrial additives and wastes

Pollack Periodica ◽

10.1556/606.2020.00250 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bintul Zehra ◽

Ali Salem ◽

Souphavanh Senesavath ◽

Saied Kashkash ◽

Zoltan Orban

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Construction Material ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Industrial Processes ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Concrete Technology ◽

River Sand ◽

Glass Waste ◽

Fine Aggregates ◽

By Products

AbstractConcrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. Over ten billion tons of concrete are being produced each year resulting in exhaustion of natural materials and an enormous carbon footprint. One of the primary goals of concrete technology today is to reduce the use of Portland cement and natural fine aggregates by partially replacing them with various waste materials and by-products of industrial processes. The paper summarizes the results of a study where the partial replacement of river sand and Portland cement was successfully applied using steel slag aggregate, silica fume and glass waste.

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Effect Of Windscreen Glass Waste Powder (WGWP) Mortar On Water Absorption

Journal of Engineering and Science Research ◽

10.26666/rmp.jesr.2018.4.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 7-11

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Pozzolanic Reaction ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Glass Waste ◽

Hydrated Cement Paste ◽

Water Absorption Test ◽

Major Attention ◽

Pozzolanic Properties

Diverting waste material from landfill sites has a big implication for the creation of new markets and has environmental benefits through offsetting the need for the extraction of raw materials. Besides, the major attention especially in construction industry is the problem to make natural resources sustainable for three to four decades in future. However, in this study finely glass powder with pozzolanic properties is found to be a partial replacement for cement and can acts as filler in the microstructure of a mortar block. Thus, a study was conducted to see the effects of various proportions of windscreen glass waste powder (WGWP) in determining the degree of water absorption on mortar incorporated with WGWP and to determine the optimum replacement to the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with WGWP. Several compositions of WGWP (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by cement weight) of mortar cube sample were prepared and cured at 7, 28 and 60 days to undergo a water absorption test. From this research, it shows that the use of WGWP was found to be the best features pozzolanic enough to use as a partial replacement for cement and it can reduced the pores of mortar by blocking the large voids in the hydrated cement paste through pozzolanic reaction. In the term of water absorption, the lowest reading was achieved in 15% and it can be said that 15% replacement is the optimum replacement of OPC.

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Effect of nano-silica on Portland cement matrix

Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais ◽

10.1590/s1983-41952019000600009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1383-1389 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. M. MENDES ◽

W. L. REPETTE

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Current Trend ◽

Pozzolanic Reaction ◽

High Specific Surface Area ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Cement Matrix ◽

Nano Silica ◽

Main Effects

Abstract The use of nano-particles is a current trend that may play an important role for improving the mechanical performance of Portland cement. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of nano-silica on Portland cement matrix. The particle size distribution of Portland cement matrix was modified by the incorporation of 11, 6.2, 3.1, 1.7, 0.85 and 0.42 wt.% of nano-silica. The water demand and the consumption of dispersant were adjusted, and the rheological properties of suspensions were analyzed through rotational rheometry. The mechanical performance of studied mixtures was evaluated by the compressive strength. The pore size distribution was measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and the hydration was analyzed through X-ray diffractometry. The rheological behavior presented a considerable changed, as a consequence of high specific surface area of nano-particles. The optimum content of nano-silica, or the smaller quantity of nano-particles, that leads to the maximum strength gain, varied according to the water to solids ratio. An increasing on the hydration and a pore refinement were obtained due to the use of silica nanoparticles. The particle’s packing and the pozzolanic reaction were the two main effects of nano-silica on the microstructure of Portland cement matrix.

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Utilization of Iraqi Metakaolin in Special Types of Concrete: A Review Based on National Researches

Journal of Engineering ◽

10.31026/j.eng.2021.08.06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 80-98

Author(s):

Mahmood Fawzi Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Construction Material ◽

Cementitious Materials ◽

Pozzolanic Reaction ◽

Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Portland Cement Concrete ◽

Cement Concrete ◽

Concrete Technology ◽

Natural Pozzolans ◽

Sustainability Issue

Portland cement concrete is the most commonly used construction material in the world for decades. However, the searches in concrete technology are remaining growing to meet particular properties related to its strength, durability, and sustainability issue. Thus, several types of concrete have been developed to enhance concrete performance. Most of the modern concrete types have to contain supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) as a partial replacement of cement. These materials are either by-products of waste such as fly ash, slag, rice husk ash, and silica fume or from a geological resource like natural pozzolans and metakaolin (MK). Ideally, the utilization of SCMs will enhance the concrete performance, minimize environmental pollution and mitigate the drawbacks of cement production attributed to the highly CO2 emission. In general, MK's ultra-fineness and high pozzolanic activity are exhibited a remarkable performance of concrete in terms of strength and durability. However, the filler effect, acceleration of cement hydration, and the pozzolanic reaction with calcium hydroxide (CH) are the main factors influencing the performance of metakaolin as a cementitious material. Therefore, numerous researches have been undertaken on inclusion MK in concrete and mortar and production of (free-cement concrete) geopolymer concrete. This paper reviews some of previous native researches on effect of using Iraqi metakaolin as a pozzolanic material in different types of concrete. The standpoint of this review will guide the researchers on the importance of utilization of local MK and highlight the missing researches toward completing a comprehensive understanding of incorporation Iraqi-metakaolin in concrete technology.

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Compressive Strength of High-Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) Concrete as a Function of Lime Water and Curing Time

10.21203/rs.3.rs-919744/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chin Mei Yun ◽

Md. Rezaur Rahman ◽

Kuok King Kuok ◽

Mohd Elfy Mersal ◽

Colin Ngu Ker Liing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Portland Cement ◽

High Volume ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Curing Time ◽

Additional Information ◽

Lime Water ◽

High Volume Fly Ash

Abstract The compressive strength of high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete with varied volume percentages of 40%, 50%, and 60% was examined utilizing low calcium fly ash (Class-F) as a partial replacement for regular Portland cement in this study. On the 7th, 28th, and 56th days, the compressive strength is tested. At the 7th and 28th days, the influence of saturated lime water on the compressive strength of HVFA concrete is evaluated. The inclusion of fly ash as a replacement for Portland cement reduces the compressive strength of the HVFA concrete, according to the findings. At the 56th day, the HVFA concrete with 40% fly ash substitution has a compressive strength equivalent to the regular weight concrete. At the 28th day, it was discovered that saturated lime water was helpful in maximizing the strength of HVFA concrete with 50% fly ash substitution. There was additional information about the characterization of HVFA concrete.

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