Lingvistisko īpatnību paralēles kursiskajās un dziļajās tāmnieku izloksnēs

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
Daira Vēvere ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Short Vowels ◽  
The University ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Devil ◽  
The Doors

The present paper aims to show the most significant phonetic and morphological features belonging both to the deep Tamian (tāmnieku) subdialects of the Livonic dialect and the Curonian (kursiskās) subdialects of the Middle dialect. The main focus is on the forms used in the deep Tamian subdialects of Pope, Ziras, Piltene, Zlēkas, Ance, Dundaga, and Ugāle, based on the materials acquired by the author during the period 2008–2019, and compared with the data of dialect archive of the Latvian Language Institute of the University of Latvia (collected in the 50s and 60s of the 20th century). In phonetics, a typical feature is the use of broad e, ē, especially in infinitives, e. g., celt ‘to raise, to build’, sēt ‘to sow’, meklēt (Curonian subd.), meklet (Tamian subd.) ‘to search’, the lengthening or diphthongization of short vowels a, e, i, u before consonant r, e. g., dârps ‘work’, ʒērt ‘to drink’, zîrks // ziêrks ‘horse’, bũrt // buõrt ‘to conjure’, palatal consonant ŗ, e. g., kaŗš ‘war’, gaŗš ‘long’, jũŗ ‘sea’, also the use of vowel u before the consonant v or b, e. g., zuve (Curonian subd.), zȗu // zȗi (Tamian subd.) ‘fish’, suvēnc (Curonian subd.), suvēnc // suvans (Tamian subd.) ‘pig’, dubans // dubenc ‘bottom, seat’, dui // dȗv (Tamian subd.) ‘two’, the loss of sounds in different positions, e. g., cilēks (Curonian subd.), cileks (Tamian subd.) ‘human’, ciris (Curonian subd.), cȋrs (Tamian subd.) ‘axe’, dures // duõres (Curonian subd.), dȗrs // dûrs // duôrs (Tamian subd.) ‘the doors’, tēs ‘father’, vẽš ‘wind’, rupš ‘rude’, and assimilation of -ln- to -ll-, e. g., mells ‘black’, vells ‘the devil’, villa (Curonian subd.), vill (Tamian subd.) ‘wool’, pills ‘full’. In morphology, a characteristic feature is the use of ē-stem substantives, e. g., klẽte (Curonian subd.), klẽt (Tamian subd.) ‘barn’, pirte // piêrte (Curonian subd.), pirt // piêrt (Tamian subd.) ‘bathhouse’, sirde // siêrde (Curonian subd.), sȋrd (Tamian subd.) ‘heart’, also the use of archaic plural dative endings -iems or -ems, e. g., zirgiêms // zîrgiêms (Curonian subd.), zirgems // zîrgems (Tamian subd.) ‘for horses’, -ams: mãsams ‘for sisters’, -ems or -ems, e. g., guõvems (Curonian subd.), guõvems (Tamian subd.) ‘for cows’, and the use of prefix / preposition az or āz, e. g., âzvakãr // azvakar (Curonian subd.), azvakar // aizvakar // aîzvakar (Tamian subd.) ‘the day before yesterday’, âz // az kalna (Curonian subd.), az // aiz // aîz kal:n (Tamian subd.) ‘behind the hill’, also prefix or preposition ūz, e. g., ũzlikt (Curonian subd.), ûzlikt (Tamian subd.) ‘to put on’, ûz galda (Curonian subd.), ûz gal:d (Tamian subd.) ‘on the table’, also a typical peculiarity of the Curonian and Tamian subdialects (but not heard nowadays) is the use of pronouns tau, sau ‘for yourself, for myself’.

Fonētisko īpatnību dinamika dziļajās tāmnieku izloksnēs

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Daira Vēvere
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Quality Change ◽  
Short Vowels ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
The University ◽  
At Home

The article aims to ascertain the dynamics of the phonetic features in the deep Tamian (tāmnieku) subdialects of the Livonianized dialect. The analysis is based on the materials of spoken language in subdialects of Pope, Ziras, Piltene, Zlēkas, Ance, Dundaga, and Ugāle, acquired by the author during the period of 2008–2019. These materials are compared with the data of the dialect archive of the Latvian Language Institute of the University of Latvia (the 50s and 60s of the 20th century). The dynamics of the phonetic features in the deep Tamian subdialects have been determined using several degrees of stability: stable, less stable, features that are disappearing, features fixed only in some subdialects, and features that have been lost. The language analysis shows that nowadays, the most stable features of the deep Tamian subdialects are the loss of short vowels in final syllables, e. g., ʒiêsm (< dziesma) ‘song’, zȇm (< zeme) ‘ground’, up (< upe) ‘river’, dar (< dara) ‘do, does’, and the reduction of long vowels in word endings, e. g., skuõla (< skuolā) ‘in the school’, mãjas (< mājās) ‘at home’, meža (< mežā) ‘in the forest’, stûri (< stūrī) ‘in the corner’, which are still widespread and most often used features in the speech of all generations. Less stable features are the reduction of monophthongs and diphthongs with a quality change, e. g., skuõlę (< skuolā) ‘in the school’, mãjęs (< mājās) ‘at home’, mežę // meže (< mežā) ‘in the forest’, stûra (< stūrī) ‘in the corner’, grãvas (< grāvjuos) ‘in the ditches’, and the insertion of the vowels a and ę for the elimination of syllabic liquids and nasals, e. g., ʒiêsam (< ʒiêsm < ʒiesma) ‘song’, vętar (< vętr < vętra) ‘storm’, sak̄ęn (< sak̄n̥ < sak̄ne) ‘root’. One of the endangered features is the loss of long vowels and diphthongs in the roots and suffixes, e. g., âbliš (< ābuoliņš) ‘clover’, kâpst (< kāpuosti) ‘cabbages’, vak̄riņ (< vakariņi ‘vakariņas’) ‘supper’, gȗlt (< gulēt) ‘to sleep’, rȗnt (< runāt) ‘to speak’, ʒîut (< dzīvuot) ‘to live’, which is observed only in older generation’s speech. The subdialects of Ance and Dundaga have preserved an archaic feature: a loss of a consonant is in future tense forms without the insertion of vowel ī, e. g., eîs (< ēdīs) ‘will eat’, laîs (< laidīs) ‘will let’, kris (< kritīs) ‘will fall’, sis (< sitīs) ‘will hit’. Few older generation’s speakers of the subdialects of Ance and Dundaga have maintained voiced consonants instead of unvoiced consonants at the end of the word or prefix, e. g., nãg (< nāk) ‘comes’, liêg (< liek) ‘lies’, krîd (< krīt) ‘falls’, tĩrid (< tīrīt) ‘to clean’, vęlag (< vęlāk) ‘later’, abrakˉ (< apraka) ‘buried’. The monophthongization and the labialization are lost in most of the deep Tamian subdialects.

A Short Modern History of Studying Sacrobosco’s De sphaera

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Alin Constantin Corfu
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern History ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
University Of Paris ◽  
The University

"A Short Modern History of Studying Sacrobosco’s De sphaera. The treatise generally known as De sphaera offered at the beginning of the 13th century a general image of the structure of the cosmos. In this paper I’m first trying to present a triple stake with which this treaty of Johannes de Sacrobosco (c. 1195 - c. 1256). This effort is intended to draw a context upon the treaty on which I will present in the second part of this paper namely, a short modern history of studying this treaty starting from the beginning of the 20th century up to this day. The first stake consists in the well-known episode of translation of the XI-XII centuries in the Latin milieu of the Greek and Arabic treaties. The treatise De sphaera taking over, assimilating and comparing some of the new translations of the texts dedicated to astronomy. The second Consists in the fact that Sacrobosco`s work can be considered a response to a need of renewal of the curriculum dedicated to astronomy at the University of Paris. And the third consists in the novelty and the need to use the De sphaera treatise in the Parisian University’s curriculum of the 13th century. Keywords: astronomy, translation, university, 13th Century, Sacrobosco, Paris, curriculum"

AN ACCOUNTANT'S EDUCATION

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Staubus
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
University Of Chicago ◽  
Financial Accounting Standards Board ◽  
Decision Usefulness ◽  
Market Simulation ◽  
Broad Field ◽  
The University

This is a review of how various experiences in my career have contributed to my understanding of accounting. I recall the circumstances surrounding several of my efforts towards the development of accounting theories, viz. (1) decision-usefulness theory, (2) activity costing, and (3) market simulation accounting, as well as my excursion into (4) market association research in seeking to validate decision-usefulness theory and (5) a search for the effects of firms' economic environments on the development of enterprise accounting in the 2nd millennium, C.E. I give my impressions of several of the important players in the evolution of accounting thought in the 20th century with whom I was closely associated, such as Vatter, Moonitz, Chambers, and Sterling, as well as other prominent figures in the broad field of accounting. Some of my gains from associations with three institutions—the American Accounting Association, The University of Chicago, and the Financial Accounting Standards Board—are identified. I conclude with a few summary thoughts on what I have learned.

Some analogical methods of teaching English as a second foreign language

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Vincent Mirabile
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
French And English ◽  
The University

Abstract To teach English as a second foreign language at university levels provides the educator or professor an excellent occasion to compare the first and second languages by a series of analogical activities that not only highlight the similar forms and structures of them, but more important still, oblige students to comprehend these forms and structures without having either to rely on or depend upon their mother tongue or apprehend them through the prism of their own. In this article are compared Turkish, French and Chinese forms and structures with English through sets of analogical activities that I prepared and applied in classrooms with my Russian students studying the aforesaid languages at the University of Academgorodok near Novosibirsk in Siberia. It was my methodical experiment to bring together English/Turkish, English/French and English/Chinese as interrelated objects of study; to put into relief the interpenetrating analogical elements that these languages possess as a pedagogical approach to them in spite of their very different language families and distinctive structural and morphological features.

ASSOCIATIVITY AS A FORMATION SOURCE OF A MUSICAL COMPOSITION EDITING FORM OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
ZARINA DENISOVA
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Musical Work ◽  
The Status ◽  
Associative Connection ◽  
New Type ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Russian Composers

The object of the research in this article is associativity as a characteristic feature of 20th century art. The nature, the role of the association in the work of artistic thinking, the principles of its functioning are considered. The subject of the research is the editing form of a musical work of the second half of the 20th century. Particular attention in the article is paid to the consideration of such an important factor influencing the formation of a stable associative connection as repetition. At the same time, it is specified that repetition is caused by a specific life situation. This repetition forms a chain of associations that create an integral content space of a musical work. The work uses general scientific research methods in the framework of comparative and logical analysis, including generalizations and comparisons. The work is based on the analytical method and has a systemic interdisciplinary nature as well. In revealing the specifics of the installation form, the author of the article turns to the theory of compositional ellipsis V. Bobrovsky. The main conclusion of the study is that the importance of associativity in the work of Russian composers in the second half of the 20th century is increasing, reaching the status of a characteristic feature of artistic thinking. The process of expanding associativity manifested itself, in particular, in the emergence in musical creativity of a new type of form creation - editing. The analysis revealed the features inherent in the montage type of construction of a work of art. This is the dismemberment of thematic material, the syntactic isolation of thematic structures, the organization of the form «from the end», the internal unity of the mosaic structure, and others. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that for the first time associativity is considered as a source of montage shaping, in the choice of research methodology, as well as in the identification of special features of the composition, manifested in the conditions of montage drama.

Review of: Рикёр П. Genesis, essence and substance in Plato and Aristotle. Course taught at the University of Strasbourg in 1953-1954 / transl. from french G. V. Vdovina. Moscow: Publishing house of humanitarian literature, 2019. 286 p. ISBN 978-5-87121-051-2

2019 ◽  
pp. 279-287
Author(s):  
Алексей Михайлович Гагинский
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Formal Point

Курс лекций П. Рикёра, прочитанный более полувека назад, интересен по ряду причин. Во-первых, потому что он посвящён крайне важной теме — античной онтологии; во-вторых, потому что он был прочитан одним из ведущих философов XX в.; в-третьих, потому что этот философ был крупнейшим представителем герменевтического направления, вследствие чего особенно любопытно проследить, как он читает тексты, без преувеличения, самых важных философов в истории человечества. Впрочем, с формальной точки зрения есть некоторые сомнения в возожности исполнения замысла работы: П. Рикёр всё-таки не антиковед, его знание греческого языка, что видно из текста, весьма скромного уровня; кроме того, изданный текст представляет собой курс лекций, автор которых, как кажется, не столько хочет донести до слушателей результаты кропотливых исследований и продуманных идей, сколько разобраться вместе со студентами в античной онтологии. P. Ricoeur's course of lectures, delivered more than half a century ago, is interesting for a number of reasons. Firstly, because it is devoted to an extremely important topic - ancient ontology; secondly, because it was read by one of the leading philosophers of the 20th century; thirdly, because this philosopher was the biggest representative of the hermeneutic direction, so it is especially interesting to trace how he reads texts of, without exaggeration, the most important philosophers in the history of mankind. However, from the formal point of view, there are some doubts about the feasibility of the idea of the work: Ricoeur is not an antiquarian and his knowledge of Greek, as the text shows, is rather modest; besides, the published text is a course of lectures, the author of which seems to want not so much to convey the results of laborious research and elaborated ideas to his students, as to understand ancient ontology together with the students.

The Rise of Professors of Economics and Business Studies in Switzerland

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Rossier ◽  
Felix Bühlmann ◽  
André Mach
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Institutional Capital ◽  
Scientific Reputation ◽  
The University ◽  
Academic Positions

AbstractThis paper studies the rise of professors of economics and business studies in the second half of the 20th century in Switzerland. It focuses on three types of power resources: positions in the university hierarchy, scientific reputation and extra-academic positions in the economic and political spheres. Based on a biographical database of N = 487 professors, it examines how these resources developed from 1957 to 2000. We find that professors of economic sciences were increasingly and simultaneously successful on all three studied dimensions – especially when compared to disciplines such as law, social sciences or humanities. This evolution seems to challenge the notorious trade-off between scientific and society poles of the academic field: professors of economics and business increased their scientific reputation while becoming more powerful in worldly positions. However, zooming in on their individual endowment with capital, we see that the same professors rarely hold simultaneously a significant amount of scientific and institutional capital.

scholarly journals Restoration Work in the Main Sanctuary of Amun of the Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 51-71
Author(s):  
Urszula Kraśniewska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Mediterranean Archaeology ◽  
The University ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The Sanctuary of Amun of the Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari was, starting from the early 18th century, gradually discovered, and has been analyzed by many researchers and scientists. In the late 19th century E. Naville was the first to concentrate to an significant extent on the Sanctuary rooms, which resulted in the elaboration of a vast architectural description prepared by Somers Clarke, his cooperator. In the early 20th century, Herbert Winlock conducted studies and analyses of the Sanctuary rooms. In 1961, a concession for conducting works was assigned to the Polish Station of Mediterranean Archaeology of the University of Warsaw, directed by Prof. Kazimierz Michałowski. Since that time, Polish Missions have conducted numerous architectural and conservation as well as epigraphic works, gradually ordering and reconstructing the Sanctuary.

scholarly journals ACADEMIC GYMNASIUM IN LVIV: 1849-1914

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 50-68
Author(s):  
Kostiantyn KONDRATIUK ◽  
Oresta KOTSIUMBAS
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Experienced Teachers ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
School Students ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
The University

Academic Gymnasium was found in October 1784 at the University of Lviv. This is a state secondary educational institution of the humanitarian direction. The graduates-maturists had the opportunity to continue their studies at the university after its completion. The Academic Gymnasium was the oldest gymnasium with the Ukrainian language of instruction. The information concerning the gymnasium's organization's functioning and principles till 1848 was lost due to revolutionary events. We can find the data about the organization of the institution's functioning, the number of teachers and students, and their social origin from 1849. At the same time, this date coincides with the secondary school's reform in 1849 based on the «Organizational Essay of High Schools and Actual Schools of Austria» and the «Normative Plan of Education for Gymnasia», which functioned until 1910 with minor changes. Exactly these normative documents regulated the functioning of the gymnasium - the organization of the educational process, the language of teaching, the priority of disciplines, the number and load of teachers, the organization of extra-curricular activities of high school students. Since 1907, the gymnasium is reorganized into the Main Gymnasium due to the number of students' growth and moving into a newly built building on L. Sapieha street and the Branch in the premises of the Narodnyi dim (People's Hall). The educational process in the gymnasium was carried out based on ministerial plans. By the end of the 20th century, more than 60% of the educational time was spent on learning languages, and the natural and mathematical cycle reached 25%, which indicates the humanitarian direction of gymnasium preparation. The situation was changed by the curriculum for classical gymnasiums in 1909, according to which the disciplines of the natural-mathematical cycle were synchronized with the requirements of universities. The article's main thesis is that during the 1849-1914 years, the Tsissar-Royal Academic Gymnasium in Lviv developed into a leading secondary educational institution. Mostly Ukrainian Greek Catholics, natives from Halychyna, studied here. The headmasters of the gymnasium were experienced teachers, skilled administrators. During the second half of the 19th century - at the beginning of the 20th century, the gymnasium was headed by Franz Brugger (1848-1858), Ivan Piontkovskyi (1858-1868), Vasyl Ilnytskyi (1868-1892 ), Edvard Kharkevych (1892-1911) and Illia Kokorudz (1911-1927). The teaching staff was increasing quantitatively and qualitatively. Careful selection, education requirements, and teaching methods provided the gymnasium with qualified specialists and responsible officials. The institution's educational process was provided by about 23-25 ​teachers, 70% of whom were gymnasium professors. Teachers of gymnasium conducted classes on a high professional level with students and created original textbooks in their native language, literature, history, and geography. Many teachers of the gymnasium and later graduates became well-known socio-political figures, scientists, and artists.So, Academic Gymnasium in Lviv is a secondary educational institution of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. It functioned following Austrian secondary school legislation. The Academic Gymnasium, being in the structure of the Lviv University, provided it with well-prepared entrants. Students received a profound knowledge of normative disciplines in the gymnasium and a good national and religious education. The heads of the educational institution were experienced teachers and organizers who took care of the proper provision of the educational institution with teaching staff. The educational and methodological literature was supported, developed, and implemented in the educational process, together with teachers and public figures. Teachers of the gymnasium constantly worked on self-education and were active socio-political leaders. Keywords: Academic Gymnasium, organization, Krajova Szkolna Rada (Region School Council), teachers, teaching process, students, educational legislation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document